How to Study Architecture

by Charles H. Caffin

Superimposed, [366], [372]
Tuscan, [163]
Wren’s steeples, on, [423]
Organic growth ([Gloss.]), [11], [34], [140]
Orientation ([Gloss.]):
Christian churches, [194]
Mastabas, [41]
Muhammedan Mosques, [217]
Roman indifference to, [161]
S. Peter’s, [372]
Temples, Egyptian, [54]
Temples, Hellenic, [121]
Tombs at Abydos, [42]
Ornament:
Assyrian, [69], [72]
Baroque, [351]
Byzantine, [199], [202], [211]
Celtic, [18]
Chaldæan, [72]
Churrigueresque, [393], [405]
Egyptian, [48], [53]
Gothic, [275]
English, [290]
Italian, [312]
Hellenic, [129-133], [171], [203]
Italian Classic, [357], [393]
Minoan, [102]
Muhammedan, [216]
Norman, [255]
Oriental, [202-3]
Perpendicular, [410]
Persian, [84], [86], [87]
Pierced, [415]
Plateresque, [398-9], [400]
Primitive, [18]
in Mexico, [21]
Renaissance English, [410-11]-[12], [414], [415], [417]
German, [392-3]
Netherlands, [407]
Spanish, [402]
Rococo, [366], [388-9], [393]
Roman, [164-5], [168-9], [171], [203]
Romanesque, [251], [260]
Scandinavian, [251]
Osirid piers, [53]
Osiris, [50]
Oxford, [257], [288], [293], [299], [419]
P
Padan-Aram, [56]
Pagan Revival, [325-328]
Pagoda, The, [428]
Painted Glass, [292]
Painters:
Aretino, [354]
Burkmair, [391]
Chapman, John Gadsby, [447]
Cimabue, [311]
Claude, [332]
Clouets, The, [332]
Cornelius, Peter von, [440]
David, Jacques Louis, [441-2]
Del Sarto, [332]
Dürer, [328], [391]
Fra Angelico, [344]
Hogarth, [133], [280]
Holbein, [328]
Isabey, Eugène, [379]
Kaulbach, Wilhelm von, [440]
Lebrun, [387]
Leonardo da Vinci, [332], [397]
Mabuse, [406]
Matisse, [459]
Michelangelo, [374], [397], [406]
Niccolo dell’ Abbati, [382]
Poussin, [332]
Powell, William Henry, [447]
Primaticcio, [332], [382]
Puvis de Chavannes, [443]
Raphael, [374], [397], [406]
Reynolds, Sir Joshua, [293]
Richmond, Sir William, [421]
Rosso, Il, [382]
Rubens, [417]
Smibert, [430]
Titian, [354], [417]
Trumbull, John, [447]
Vanderlyn, John, [447]
Van Eycks, [333]
Van Orley, [334], [406]
Velasquez, [330]
Weir, Robert Walter, [447]
Palaces:
Alcala de Heñares, [400]
Alcazar, the, [225]
Alhambra, the, [218], [226], [403]
Augustus’, Rome, [179]
Babylon, [61]
Balbi, [356]
Barbarano, [352]
Bevilacqua Palace, [355]
Blenheim, [425]
Brignole, [356]
Ca d’Oro, [360-1]
Cancellaria, [346], [362-4]
Canossa, [355]
Capitania, [352]
Capitol Palaces, [350], [363-5]
Caprarola, [348]
Charles V, Alhambra, [402-3]
Cnossus, [91], [96-8], [102]
Conservatore, [363]
Cornaro, [354]
Ctesiphon, [228-9]
Diocletian, Spalato, [180], [195], [428]
Doria-Tursi, [356]
Ducal, Venice, [210]
Durazzo, [356]
Ecbatana, at, [80]
Escoriál, [403-5]
Farnese, [348], [350], [363]
Firuzabad, [228-9]
Fontainebleau, [332], [382]
Giraud, [346]
Guardagni, [345]
Gvimane, [355]
Hagia Triada, [98]
Hampton Court, [411]
Hradschin, [355]
Karnak, [54]
Khorsabad, [60]
Louvre, [382-6], [407], [419], [444]
Luxembourg, [386]
Massimi, [348]
Medinet Abou, [54]
Muhammedan Palaces, [218]
Mycenæ, at, [89], [100]
Nimroud, at, [67]
Nineveh, at, [59]
Palazzo del Te’, [347]
Pallavacini, [356]
Pandolfini, [347]
Pasargadæ, [75], [81], [84]
Persepolis, Darius’ Palace, [76], [82-5]
Pesaro, [356], [366]
Phæstus, [91], [98]
Pitti, [344], [386]
Pompeii, [355]
Rezzonico, [356]
Riccardi, [344], [358-60]
Sargon’s Castle, [67]
Serbistan, [228-9]
Strozzi, [345]
Susa, [80], [86]
Tiryns, [91], [100-2]
Tuilleries, [383], [444]
Vecchio, Palazzo, [342], [358-60]
Vendramini, [354], [360-3]
Versailles, [387-9]
Whitehall, [418]
Xerxes II, [76], [85-7]
Zaporta, Casa de, [400]
Zwinger, Dresden, [393]
Palatine Hill, [159]
Paneling, Gothic, English, [291]
Italian, [314]
Renaissance, English, [416]
French, [380]
German, [393]
Pansa, House of, [181]
Pantheon, Rome, [171-3]
Burial place of Raphael, [348]
Columns in, [164]
Dome, [167]
Eye of, [172], [208]
Influence on Byzantine, [207]
Roof, [122], [168]
Studied by Brunelleschi, [342]
Papier-maché ornament ([Gloss.]), [387-9]
Parapets ([Gloss.]), [307]
English Renaissance, in, [414]
Italian Gothic, [314]
Paris:
Arc de l’Étoile, [443]
Arc de Triomphe, [443]
École des Beaux Arts, [444]
Fontainebleau, [322], [382]
Hôtel des Invalides, [387-8]
La Trinité, [452]
Library of S. Genéviève’s, [444]
Louvre, [382-6], [407], [418], [419], [444]
Luxembourg, [386]
Madeleine, [443]
Nôtre Dame, [281-4], [302]
Opera House, [444]
Palais de Justice, [444]
Panthéon, [388], [442-3]
Place du Carrousel, [383], [443-4]
Place Vendome, [387]
Replanned, [444]
Sacré-Cœur, [452]
Sainte Chapelle, [285], [296]
S. Clothilde, [452]
S. Genéviève, Panthéon, [388], [442-3]
Tuilleries, the, [383], [444]
Val-de-Grâce, [387]
Versailles, [387]
Parthenon, the, [8], [119]
Asymmetries in, [137-8]
Columns, [124], [141]
Intercolumniation, [125]
Metope, [127]
Parthenon proper, [140-1]
Peristyle, [117]
Preservation of, [193]
Statue of Athene in, [140]
Turks destroy, [138]
Pasargadæ, [75], [81], [84]
Patio, see Court ([Gloss.])
Pavilions ([Gloss.]):
Antwerp City Hall, [406]
de l’Horloge, [385], [407]
English Renaissance in, [414]
Holkam Hall, [426]
Luxembourg, of, [387]
Medinet Abou, of, [54]
Sully, [385]
Pedestals, [127]
Greek Drama, use in, [142]
Renaissance, [369], [370]
Pediment ([Gloss.]):
Asymmetries in, [137]
Balustrade substituted for, [364]
Broken, [370]
Colonial wooden, [430-2]
Doric, [127]
Heidelberg, at, [394]
Louvre, in, [386]
Maison Carrée in, [170]
Minoan architecture, in, [100]
Palazzo Vecchio, in windows, [360]
Pellershaus in, [396]
Persian use of, [81]
Renaissance use of, [368-70], [384]
S. Maria dei Miracole, [353]
S. Paul’s, [421]
Sculpture in, [135]
Segmental Pediment, [384]
Villa Rotonda, in, [352]
Peloponnesus, architecture in, [89-98]
Pendentives ([Gloss.]), [167-8]
Domes, in, [204-6], [209]
Mogul use, [230]
Muhammedan use, [221]
Renaissance use, [343], [368], [420]
Romanesque, [252]
Vaults, in, [259]
Pennethorne, John, Asymmetries, discovered by, [136]
Penrose, Francis Cranmer, [136]
Peripteral ([Gloss.]), [53], [120], [170]
Peristyle ([Gloss.]):
Colosseum, of, [174]
Early Christian tombs, of, [198]
Egyptian, [44], [50]
Hellenic, [117], [120], [122], [177]
Panthéon dome, in, [442]
Parthenon, [117]
Renaissance use, [346], [368]
S. Paul’s, of, [420-22]
S. Peter’s, [373]
Temple at Syracuse, [193]
Perpendicular Gothic, [271], [275], [287], [290], [295]
Persepolis, [76], [82-4]
Persia:
Alliance with Babylon, [75]
Civilisation, [74-9]
Conquered by Greeks, [108], [145]
Darius, [83-5]
Destruction by Alexander, [76], [77]
Zoroaster, [78]
by Muhammedans, [215], [220], [228]
Persian Architecture, [80] et seq.
Minarets, [222]
Muhammedan palaces, [228-9]
Palace of Cyrus, [81]
Darius, [83-5]
Pasargadæ, at, [75], [81], [84]
Xerxes, of, [85-6]
Persepolis, buildings at, [82]
Pottery, [218]
Tombs, [75], [83]
Peru, primitive ornament in, [18]
Inca remains in, [19]
Petrarch, [324-5], [331], [341]
Piano Nobile ([Gloss.]), [360], [363]
Piazza, [351], [371]
Pictures:
English Renaissance Houses, in, [416]
Giralda, of, [225]
Gothic Cathedrals in, [278]
Provincial Museum, in, [226]
“Oath of the Horatii, The,” [441]
Piers ([Gloss.]), Anglo-Saxon, [254]
Asymmetries in setting, [279-80]
Campanile, in, [252]
Château de Blois, in, [380]
Egyptian Temples, in, [41], [52-3]
Gothic use, [258], [272], [284-5], [304], [314], [345], [368]
Hagia Sophia, in, [208]
Hôtel des Invalides, in, [388]
Lombard Churches, in, [251]
Norman use, [255], [256], [257]
Provincial use, [252]
Osirid piers, [53]
Romanesque, [241], [242], [244], [245], [250], [273]
Roman use, [166-7], [175]
S. Paul’s, in, [420]
S. Peter’s, in, [371]
Suggestion in sky scrapers, [474]
Pilasters ([Gloss.]):
Colonial, [431]
Gothic, [284]
Renaissance, English, [415], [418]
French, [380], [381], [384-6]
German, [392], [394], [396]
Italy, [350], [361], [364], [366], [368], [372]
Netherlandish, [407]
Spanish, [402]
Pillars, [92]
Cretan palaces, in, [96-8]
Hindu, [230]
S. Simon Stylites, of, [200]
Pinnacles ([Gloss.]), [273], [312], [314]
Pisa, [246-9]
Plain of Shinar, [56]
Plans: ground and floor, [10]
Alhambra, of, [226-7]
Anglo-Saxon, [255]
Basilicas, of, [177]
Benedictine Abbey, Cluny, [253]
Casa Lonja, [401-2]
Cathedral of Angoulême, [252-3]
Cologne, [303]
Château, de Blois, [380]
De Chambord, [381]
Circular, [197]
City Hall, Antwerp, [407]
Colosseum, [174]

Curvature of, [137-8]
Cyrus’ Palace, [82]
Darius’ Palace, [83], [85]
Diana, Temple of, [170]
Diocletian’s Palace Spalato, [180]
Egyptian, Palaces, [45-50]
English, [289]
Erechtheion, [141]
Escoriál, [403-4]
French Châteaux, [377]
Gothic, [277]
Hagia Sophia, [208]
Hellenic Theatres, [143-4]
Hôtel des Invalides, [388]
House of Pansa, [181]
Houses of Parliament, [451]
Howard Castle, [425]
Karnak, Temple at, [50]
Khorsabad, Palace, [72]
Louvre, The, [383]
Luxembourg, [386-7]
Maison Carrée, [169]
Mediæval Monasteries, [237]
Mosques, [217];
of Akbar, [230]
Octagonal Plans, [121]
Palazzo, Ca d’Oro, [361]
Caprarola, [348]
Riccardi, [358-60]
Vecchio, [358-60]
Vendramini, [360-3]
Palace of Charles V, [402-3]
Panthéon, Paris, [442]
Polygonal plans, [197]
Propylæa, of, [141]
Renaissance, [414]
Roman forum, [159]
Roman temple, [169]
S. Andrea, Mantua, [368]
S. Francisco, Rimini, [345]
S. Front, [252-3]
S. Maria della Salute, [356]
S. Mark, Venice, [209]
S. Paul, London, [420]
S. Paul-without-the-wall, [196]
S. Peter’s, [370-1]
S. Simeon Stylites, [200]
S. Zaccaria, [353]
Santiago de Compostello, [259]
Sky-scrapers, [472]
Sphinx Temple, [41]
Taj Mahal, [231]
Tiryns, Palace at, [100]
Villa Rotondo, [352]
Whitehall, [418]
Wren’s plan of London, [420]
Plate tracery, [274], [290]
Platforms, [65], [66], [67]
Greek Theatre, of, [144]
Muhammedan mosque, of, [217]
Persian, [81], [85]
Roman forum, in, [158]
Stylobate, [122]
Taj Mahal, of, [231]
Plateresque style, [398-400]
Plinth ([Gloss.]), [52], [99], [129], [164], [245]
Podium ([Gloss.]), see Stylobate, [156], [169-70]
Colosseum, of, [174-5]
Roman Tombs, of, [198]
Polished Stone Age, [17], [18], [19], [95]
Pope, Alexander, quoted, [427], [436]
Porch, at Abydos, [42]
Bank of England, [438]
Chartres, at, [269]
Cologne, City Hall, [395]
Colonial, [431]
Doric, [121]
English Gothic, [290]
Portals, see Doorways
Porticoes:
Anglo-Palladian use, [424-426]
Capitol, Washington, [446]
Colonial use, [431-2]
Darius’ Palace, [83], [85]
Early Christian Churches, [193]
Ecbatana, at, [80]
Greek Theatre, of, [144]
Hellenic use, [116], [120-2], [131], [141]
Panthéon, Paris, [443]
Pasargadæ, [82]
Renaissance, [353], [365]
Spanish, [400-1]
Roman use, [169], [171], [181]
S. George’s Hall, Liverpool, [439]
Tiryns, at, [101]
Treasury Building, Washington, [446]
White House, [446]
Xerxes Palace, in, [86]
Post and beam or lintel ([Gloss.]), [8], [14], [16]
Pot Metal ([Gloss.]), [292]
Pottery, [218]
Etruscan, [155]
Mycenæan, [97]
Presbytery, [289]
Primitive Ornament, [18]
Structures, [8], [12]
Printing invented, [322]
Projections ([Gloss.]), use of, [133], [179], [312], [365]
Pro-naos, see Vestibule ([Gloss.])
Proportion ([Gloss.]), [11], [134]
Propylæa ([Gloss.]), [85], [101], [121], [131], [141]
Proscenium, or proskenion ([Gloss.]), [144], [145], [176]
Prostylar ([Gloss.]), [120]
Provence, [235], [238], [241], [252], [331]
Ptolemaic period, [53]
Pulpits, Muhammedan, [217]
Puritan influence, [336], [430]
Pylons ([Gloss.]), Assyrian, [68]
Byzantine, [208]
Egyptian, [48], [50]
Pyramidal Dome, [404]
roof, [252], [414]
Pyramids ([Gloss.]), [14]
Cheops, [34], [39]
Chephren, [34], [39]
Gizeh, [34], [39], [40]
Medun, [66], [67]
Menkara, [34], [39]
Nebo, [62], [67]
Primitive, [14]
Sakkarah, [34]
Truncated, [48]
Q
Quadriga ([Gloss.]), [179]
Quatrefoil ([Gloss.]), [316]
Quattrocento ([Gloss.]), [338], [340]
Queen post ([Gloss.]), [296]
Quoins ([Gloss.]), [348]
R
Ra, Egyptian deity, [30]
Rabelais, [329]
Racine, [439]
Raleigh, Sir Walter, [336]
Ramasseum, [46-50]
Ramp ([Gloss.]), [66], [68], [85]
Ravenna, [201]
Baptistry, [201]
Church of S. Apollinare-in-Classe, [201]
S. Apollinare Nuovo, [201]
S. Vitale, [202]
Tomb of Galla Placidia, [201]
Rawlinson, Henry, translator of cuneiform script, [57]
Rayonnant Gothic ([Gloss.]), [271], [282], [285-6], [287]
Rectangular Gothic, see Perpendicular
Refinements ([Gloss.]), [136], [140], see Assymmetries
Reformation, The, [328], [332], [335], [337]
Regula ([Gloss.]), [126]
Reja, see screen ([Gloss.])
Religious Orders, growth of, [236]
Renaissance, The ([Gloss.]):
America, influence of, in, [429]
Anglo-classical style, [425]
Architects, importance of, [339]
Architecture derived from Rome, [183]
Baroque style, [351]
Beaux Arts training founded on, [463]
Bohemia, in, [355]
Châteaux, [377-88]
Churrigueresque style, [393], [405]
Classic influence, [340], [402]
Counter Reformation, [329], [330]
Elizabethan style, [410], [413]
Flamboyant style, [285-6]
Flemish, Renaissance, [405-9]
Florence, architects of, [342-4]
France, Renaissance in, [331]
Germany, in, [327], [391-6]
Giralda, Tower of, [225]
Gothic, compared to, [366]
Gothic despised by, [366]
Great Britain, in, [410-28]
Holland, in, [409]
Incongruities in, [360-70]
Interiors, [415]
Italy, in, [333], [338]
Jacobean style, [410], [412-13], [415]
Paganism of, [326]
Palazzo Vecchio, [315], [358]
Plateresque style, [398]
Point of view of artists, [357-9], [373-4]
Queen Anne style, [424]
Reaction from, [435]
Reformation, the, [328]
Reversion to, [444]
Roman Architecture, basis of, [346], [351]
Sky scrapers of Renaissance design, [473]
Spain in, [329], [397-405]
Tours, School of, [376]
Tuscan Romanesque, compared to, [369]
Venetian architects, [352]
Retablos ([Gloss.]), [309]
Retrochoir ([Gloss.]), [289], [295], [298]
Revett and Stuart’s Classic exploration, [436]
Revolution, French, [333]
Rhenish Confederation, [331]
Rhythm in architecture ([Gloss.]), [11], [134]
Ribs:
In vaulting ([Gloss.]), [242]
Diagonal, [250], [272], [294]
Lierne, [294]
Longitudinal, [294]
Louvre, in pavilion of, [385]
Tierceron, [294]
Transverse rib, [294]
S. Peter’s, in dome of, [373]
Rococo style ([Gloss.]), [333], [389-90]
French, [375], [389-90]
German, [391], [393]
Venetian, [366]
Roman Augustine Age, [151]
Attempt to revive Empire, [232]
Barbarian invasions, [157]
Christianity in, [157]
Citizenship, [147-8]
Civilisation, [147-162]
Etruscans, [156]
Exponents of order, [149]
Great era of building, [152], [156]
Holy Roman Empire, [321]
Provinces, [148], [152]
Renaissance, [323-7], [346-352]
Roman Writers, [150]
Sacked by Germans, [347], [354]
Roman Architecture [163-183]
Amphitheatres, [174]
Aqueducts, [182]
Arch, the, [166]
Arch, Triumphal, [178]
Basilicas, [177]
Baths, [176]
Bridges, [182]
Circuses, [173]
Colosseum, [174]
Columns, [169], [170], [171], [178]
Composite order, use of, [165]
Concrete, use of, [153]
Corinthian order, [164]
Decoration of Walls, [168-9]
Domestic buildings, [180]
Influence on Byzantine, [202]
Persian, [152]
Romanesque, [170], [180], [183]
Maison Carrée, Nîmes, [169]
Masonry of, [153]
Mosaics, [168]
Nymphæum, [170]
Orders, the, [163-166]
Ornament, [169]
Palaces, [179]
Revival of influence, [437]
Rotundas, [170], [171], [198]
Temples, [169-173]
Theatres, [175-6]
Tombs, [198]
Training in, at Écoles des Beaux Arts, [463]
Vaulting, [167], [243]
Villas, [180-1]
Romanesque Architecture, [241-260]
Arcading, [244-5], [307]
Arch, the, [245]
Chêvet, the, [241-2]
Doors, [245], [254]
England, in, [254]
Exteriors, [245]
France, in, [252]
Influence in French Gothic, [282]
Germany, [301]
Italy, in, [313], [315]
Central, [246-249]
Northern, [249-251]
Southern, [249]
Origin of, [170], [180], [183], [212]
Originates Gothic, [270], [271], [276]
Period of, [232]
Rhenish Provinces, in, [257], [307]
Rib Vaulting, [243]
Roman principles in, [241]
Spain, in, [259-60]
Tuscany, in, [367]
Variations in, [240]
Windows, [245], [251]
Rome:
Anio Novus Aqueduct, [183]
Aqua Claudia, [183]
Arch of Cæsar Augustus, [160]
Constantine, [159], [178]
Janus, [159]
Septimus Severus, [161], [178]
Titus, [159], [178]
Basilicas, Æmilia, [160], [177]
Fulvia, [177]
Julia, [160], [177]
Maxentius or Constantine, [177]
Porcia, [177]
Ulpia, [177]
Baths, of Agrippa, [176]
Caracalla, [176]
Commodus, [176]
Constantine, [176]
Diocletian, [176]
Domitian, [176]
Nero, [176]
Titus, [176]
Bridges, [182]
Capitoline Hill, [158]
Circus, Maxentius, [173]
Maximus, [173]
Colosseum, [174-5]
Columns of Victory, [178]
Comitium, [158]
Curia, [158]
Etruscan Museum, [348]
Forum Boarium, [170]
Romanum, [157-8], [170]
Il Gesu, [349]
Milliarium, [158]
Nymphæum, [170]
Palaces of Augustus, [179]
Cancellaria, [346]
Capitol, [350], [363-5]
Caprarola, [348]
Farnese, [348]
Massimi, [348]
Pandolfini, [347]
Pantheon, [122], [164], [167], [168], [170], [171], [348], [372]
Rotunda, The, [171]
S. Clemente, [195]
S. John Lateran, [194], [198]
S. Lorenzo in Miranda, [347]
S. Maria della Grazie, [346]
S. Paul-without-the-Walls, [196-7]
S. Peter’s, [194], [346-7], [349-50], [370-4]

S. Pietro in Montorio, [346]
S. Stefano Rotondo, [198]
Tabularium, the, [161]
Temples, [169]
Castor and Pollux, [160]
Circular, [176-7]
Divinities Male and Female, [158]
Mater Matuta, [170], [171]
Minerva Medica, [207]
Saturn, [160], [164]
Tomb of Cæcilia Metella, [173]
Constanza, [198]
Trajan’s Column, [179], [348]
Umbilicus, the, [157]
Villa Farnesina, [347]
Madama, [347]
Roodloft ([Gloss.]), [237]
Roofs, [46], [47], [53]
Arch-braced, [297]
Assyrian treatment of, [71]
Byzantine, [198]
Colonial, [431-2]
Decorative treatment of, [396]
Dome roofs, [71]
Etruscan, [155]
Gothic, in England, [293], [296-7], [299]
German, [304-5]
Italian, [314]
Netherlands, [307]
Hammer-beam, [297]
Hip roof, [385], [432]
Lombard, [252]
Louvre, of the, [384-5]
Luxembourg, of the, [387]
Mansard, [385-6], [431]
Mediæval, [196], [198], [241]
Muhammedan, [228]
Primitive, [14-15], [20]
Queen Anne Style, [424]
Renaissance, English, [414], [428]
German, [392], [395]
Netherlandish, [407], [408]
Spanish, [403]
Stone roof, [199]
Tie-beam, [296]
Trussed-rafter, [296]
Wooden roof, [196], [246], [256], [296]
Rosetta Stone, [27]
Rosettes, see Decorative motives
Rose Windows ([Gloss.]), [271], [282]
Rostra, the, [158]
Rostrum of Julius Cæsar, [160]
Rough Stone Age, [18]
Rugs, Persian, [219]
“Ruins of the Palace of Diocletian,” by Robert Adam, [428]
S
Sanctuary of, Early Christian churches, [194], [196]
Egyptian Temples, [49], [50], [53]
Gothic Churches, [289]
Hellenic Temples, [120], [141]
Spanish Renaissance churches, [401]
Saracenic, see Muhammedan
Sardinia, Mycenæan remains in, [89], [90]
Sargon, Akkadian King, [57], [58]
Assyrian King, [60]
Sarzac, Professor de, discoveries by, [67]
Sassanian Empire, [77], [205], [229]
Schiller, [439]
Schliemann, Dr., Mycenæan discoveries by, [88], [100]
Schools, Divinity, Oxford, [295], [299]
École des Beaux Arts, [379], [444], [453]
Grammar, in England, [412]
Scuolo de S. Marco, [354]
Scotia ([Gloss.]), [129], [164]
Screens ([Gloss.]):
Gothic Choir, [275], [291]
English, [291], [298]
Spanish, [309]
Mediæval Churches, [237]
Muhammedan, [218]
S. Sophia, [208]
Temples of Egypt, [54]
Temple of Hera, [118]
Screen Walls, [377]
Blenheim, at, [425]
Château de Chambord at, [381]
S. Clemente, Rome, [195]
Scrolls, see Volutes
Sculptors:
Bartlett, Paul W., [446]
Berruguete, [402], [405]
Borromini, The, [351]
Cellini, Benvenuto, [332], [382]
Churriguera, [405]
Crawford, Thomas, [446], [447]
Giotto, [312], [319]
Goujon, Jean, [332], [385]
Maderna, Carlo, [351]
Majano, Giovanni, [411]
Michelangelo, [349-51], [405]
Pheidas, [111], [140]
Pilon, [332]
Pisano, Andrea, [312], [319]
Praxiteles, [118]
Robbia, Lucca della, [312]
Rude, François, [443]
Sansovino, Andrea, [354]
Sansovino, Jacopo, [354]
Sarrazin, Jacques, [385]
Torrigiano, [411]
Vigarni de Borgoña, [401]
Vischer, Peter, [391]
Vriendt, Cornelius de, [407]
Sculpture:
Amenopheum, The, [45]
Assyria, in, [65]
Baroque, [351]
Bulls, Colossal, [69]
Egypt, of, [40], [41], [48], [75]
Gothic, [276], [278]
French, [269], [283]
German, [304]
Italian, [309], [312], [316]
Netherlands, [307]
Lombardy, in, [251]
Osirid, [50]
Pediment of Capitol, Washington, [446]
Phrygian, [99]
Relief, in Assyria, [71], [131]
Bronze, [171]
Byzantine use of, [203]
Chartres, at, [269]
Doric metope, in, [135]
Gothic, [276], [312]
Hellas, in, [127]
Ionic cornices, in, [130]
Medallion of Popes, [196]
Mycenæ, in, [98]
Tiryns, in, [102]
Trajan’s Column, on, [179]
Versailles, at, [387]
Secondary Style, see Rayonnant
Semiramis, Hanging gardens of, [62]
Semitic races, [56], [58], [74]
Serdab ([Gloss.]), [41]
Seville: The Alcazar, [225]
Casa Lonja, [401-2]
Giralda, the, [225]
Plateresque in, [398]
Sewers, [152].
The Cloaca Maxima, Rome, [156]
Shaft ([Gloss.]), of column, [123]
Corinthian treatment of, [131]
Doge’s palace columns, [316]
Fluted, [87], [124]
Greek treatment of, [124], [125]
Ionic treatment, [129]
Proportions of, [134], [135]
Romanesque, [245]
Roman treatment of, [164]
Sky-scraper, suggestions of, in, [474]
Shakespeare, [330], [336], [410], [439]
Shalmaneser, King of Assyria, [59], [60], [75]
Sicily:
Cathedral of, Monreale, Palermo, [249]
Cathedral of Syracuse, [193]
Muhammedan conquest of, [215]
Romanesque, in, [249]
Sidney, Sir Philip, [336]
Silversmiths:
Antonio Arphe, [398]
Enrique Arphe, [398]
Juan Arphe, [398]
Skene, the, [144]
Sky-scrapers, [472-5]
Soffit ([Gloss.]), [127]
Solar ([Gloss.]), [416]
Sole Piece, [297]
Sophia, Hagia, (S.), [207], [209]
South Sea Islands, ornament in, [18]
Spandrel or Spandril ([Gloss.]):
Cancellaria, of, [363]
Library of S. Mark’s, [365]
S. Peter’s, [373]
Spain, Architecture in:
Alcala de Heñares, [400]
Alcazar, Seville, [225],
Alhambra, [218], [226-7], [403]
Bridge of Cordova, [182]
Bridge of Toledo, [182]
Burgos, [400-1]
Cordova, [182], [398]
Escoriál, [403-5]
Giralda, the, [225]
Gothic, [271]
Granada, [401]
Influence on Netherlands, [406]
Madrid, [403]
Malaga, [401]
Mosque of Cordova, [224], [225]
Muhammedan, [212], [215], [220], [224-7]
Mycenæan remains in, [89-90]
Plateresque style, [398-9]
Renaissance, [329], [398-405]
Romanesque, [259-60]
Salamanca, [401]
Santiago, [398]
Saragossa, [401]
Seville, [302], [309], [371], [398]
Toledo, [182], [308], [398]
Valladolid, [398], [401]
Spain, History of, [212], [213], [326-7], [397]
Sparta, [128]
“Speculum Universale,” [266-8], [312]
Spencer, [336]
Sphinx ([Gloss.]), Avenue of, [51]
Temple, [41]
The Great, [38]
Spires ([Gloss.]):
Antwerp, [308]
Brussels Town Hall, [307]
Colonial, [431]
English, [274]
Gothic decorated, [275]
English, [289], [298]
French, [282]
German, [303]
Houses of Parliament, [451]
Woolworth Building, [476]
Worms, at, [259]
Wren’s Churches, [423]
Spirals, [165], [179]
Square, the, [85]
Squinch ([Gloss.]), [230], [259]
Stained Glass, [275-278]
Gothic, English, [291-2]
German, [305]
Methods of using, [291-2]
Musée Plantin-Moretus, 40S
Sainte Chapelle, Paris, [285]
Stairs:
Capitol, Washington, [446]
Casa Lonja, [402]
Chaldæan, [66]
Château de Blois, [380]
Château de Chambord, [380-1]
Colonial, [432]
Doric Temples, [121]
Egyptian temples, [44]
Golden Staircase, the, [400-1]
Leaning Tower, Pisa, in, [247-8]
Machu Picchu, [20]
Persepolis, at, [85]
Pyramids, in, [39]
Queen Anne entrances, of, [426]
Renaissance, English, [416]
German, [392]
Spanish, [400]
Roman Podium, of, [156]
Sargon’s Castle, [68]
Trajan’s Column, [179]
Stalactite work, [222], [224], [227]
Stalls ([Gloss.]), of chancel, [237]
Stanze Apartments, [374]
Statues:
Arches, on, [179]
Athene, in Parthenon, [140]
Baroque, [351]
Cella, in Hellenic, [140]
Chaldæan, [65]
Chartres Cathedral, on, [269]
Cheops, of, [40]
Coloured, [136]
Dome of Capitol, Washington, on, [447]
Giralda, S. Faith, [225]
Gothic Cathedrals, on, [276-8]
German, [304]
Italy, [312], [314]
Netherlands, [307]
Spain, [309]
Hermes of Praxiteles, [118]
Louvre, on, [385]
Marseillaise, La, [443]
Michelangelo, by, [350], [364]
Palace of Rezzonico, in, [356]
Renaissance, English, [411]
German, [392], [396]
S. John, by Michelangelo, [344]
S. Maria della Salute, of, [356]
S. Peter’s in, [372]
Temple of Diana, Nîmes, [170]
Trajan’s Column, on, [179]
Tympanum, in Hellenic, [135]
Zeus, of, [111]
Steel Construction, [461], [470], [471], [473], [478]
Steeples ([Gloss.]), [423]
Stele ([Gloss.]), [14], [132]
Stone, use of:
Arches, single stone, [199]
Crosses, [18]
Cut stone of Persia, [81]
Egyptian use of large, [41]
Italy, in, [154]
Mediæval, in, [241]
Obelisks, [43]
Polished stone, [18], [19]
Primitive use of large, [8], [13], [14], [15], [20]
Pyramids, in, [40]
Rough Stone age, [18]
Sacrificial, [16], [20]
Steel construction, in, [473]
Stonehenge, [8], [16], [100]
Stories, division into:
Arcades, in, [229]
Byzantine use, [208], [209]
Casa Lonja, in, [402]
Escoriál, in, [404]
Gothic, German, [306]
Italian, [312]
Netherlands, [307]
Michelangelo’s treatment of, [350]
Renaissance, English, [414], 418 [421]
French, [354], [360], [363], [364]
Renaissance use, Netherlands, [407]
Sky scrapers, in, [474]
Temple of Nippur, in, [66]
Wren’s Steeples, in, [423]
Strains, [15]
Carried by columns, [124]
Gothic, [271-2], [285]
Hellenic recognition of, [135]
Vaulting, in, [166], [270]
Stretchers and headers ([Gloss.]), [424]
String course:
Gothic, Italian, [312], [314]
Netherlands, [306]
Palazzo Vecchio, [360]
Queen Anne style, [424]
Renaissance, Venetian, [361]
Stuart and Revett, discoveries by [436]
Stucco, use of ([Gloss.]):
Doric Temples, in, [121]
Egypt, use in, [55]
Greek use of, [122]
Renaissance, [352]
English, [417]
German, [393]
Venetian, [361]
Rococo use of, [389]
Tiryns, in, [102]
Styles:
Anglo-Classical, [410], [424]
Chinese, [428]
Churrigueresque, [393], [405]
Colonial, [430]
Elizabethan, [410]
Georgian, [427], [430]
Jacobean, [410]
Palladian, [368], [370], [402], [418], [424]

Plateresque, [398-9], [400]
Portico, [424]
Queen Anne, [424], [427], [430]
Queen Anne Revival, [458]
Stylobate ([Gloss.]):
Asymmetries in, [137]
Doric, [122]
Ionic, [128]
Panthéon, Paris, [443]
Parthenon, [138]
S. George’s Hall, Liverpool, [438]
S. Paul’s, [421]
Stylus, use of, [57]
Subjective point of view, [4]
Symonds, John Addington, [329]
Syria, [199]
Architectural remains in, [199]
Cathedral of Borah, [200]
Churches, Kalb-Lauzeh, [200]
S. George, Esrah, [200]
Turmanin, [200]
S. Simeon Stylites, [200]
Conquered by Muhammedans, [215]
Influence on Byzantine, [202]
Mosques:
Dome of the Rock, or, Mosque of Omar, [223]
El-Aksah, [223]
El-Walid, Damascus, [223]
T
Tabernacles ([Gloss.]), German Gothic, [305]
Spanish Renaissance, [398]
Tabernæ, in Rome, [159]
Taconia, [126]
Tampa Tocco, ruins at, [19]
Tel-el-Amarna, Ruins at, [55]
Temples:
Abydos, at, [53]
Agrigentum, [119]
Ammon, [51]
Aphrodisias, Caria, [193]
Apollo at Bassæ, [123]
at Miletus, [122]
at Naucratis, [128]
Assos, at, [126]
Athene, at Ægina, [119]
Athene Nike, [119], [141-2]
Cæsar, [160]
Castor and Pollux, [160], [164]
Chons, [51]
Concord, of, [161]
Corinth, at, [118]
Costa Rica, ruins at, [20]
Deir-el-Bahri, [44]
Delos, in, [119]
Delphi, at, [119]
Diana, [170]
Diocletian’s Palace, in, [180]
Edfou, at, [54]
Egyptian, plans of, [46-50]
Erechtheion, The, [121], [129], [131], [136], [141], [165], [193], [436], [438]
Etruscan, [155]
Hellenic, plans of, Early, [119]
Later, [121-123]
Hera, of, [111], [117]
Hyperboreans, of the, [17]
Jerusalem, at, [79], [223]
Jupiter, Capitoline, [156], [158]
Karnak, at, [44], [50]
Luxor, at, [51], [53]
Madeleine, The, modelled on, [443]
Maison Carrée, [169]
Mater Matuta, [170], [171]
Medinct Abou, at, [139]
Mexico, in, [20]
Michelangelo’s adaptations of, [364-5]
Minerva Medica, [207]
Minoan, no temples, [92]
Nebo, at, [62], [67]
Nineveh, at, [60]
Nippur, at, [66]
Olympia, of, [119]
Pantheon, Rome, [122], [164], [167-8], [170-1], [348], [372]
Parthenon, the, [8], [119], [125], [127], [137], [138], [140], [436]
Pasargadæ, at, [75]
Philæ, at, [53]
Phœbus Apollo, of, [118]
Poseidon, of, [118], [119], [125]
Rameses II, of, [45]
Saturn, [160], [164]
Seti II, of, [51]
Sippar, at, [57]
Sphinx, The Great, [38], [41]
Tampu Tocco, [19]
Theseum, [119], [193]
Tholos, Epidauros, [121], [131]
Uri, at, [139]
Vesta, Rome, [160], [170]
Vesta, Tivoli, [170], [171]
Zeus, [111], [122]
at Agrigentum, [118], [119]
Olympian, [119], [120], [122]
Selinas, [119]
Tænia ([Gloss.]), [126]
Terraces ([Gloss.]):
Babylon, Gardens of, [61]
Châteaux, of, [379]
Machu Picchu, of, [20]
Nippur, of, [66]
Pasargadæ, of, [81]
Persepolis, of, [85]
Renaissance examples, [374]
S. George’s Hall, Liverpool, [438]
Sargon’s Castle, of, [68]
Tampu Tocco, [19]
Tenochtitlan, of, [20]
Versailles, of, [387]
Xerxes’ Palace, of, [85]
Terracotta ([Gloss.]):
Etruscans, use by, [155]
Renaissance, in, [411]
Romans, use by, [168], [182]
Roof construction, use in, [122]
Steel construction, use in, [473]
Tertiary Style, see Flamboyant
Tessera ([Gloss.]), [168]
Tetrastyle ([Gloss.]), [121]
Thatched roofs, [155]
Theatres:
Dionysos, of, [143]
Ducal theatre, Weimar, [439]
Epidauros in Argolis, [143]
Federal Street Theatre, Boston, [448]
Hellenic Theatres, [142], [145], [173], [175]
Marcellus, of, [164]
Orange, at, [176]
Roman, [173]
Royal Theatre, Berlin, [440]
Sheldonian, Oxford, [419]
Teatro Olympico, [352]
Vitruvius’ description of, [144]
Thermæ, see Baths
Thessaly, remains at, [89]
Thirteenth Century Gothic, see Gothic, Primary
Thrust ([Gloss.]), [15]
Basilicas, in, [178]
Gothic, in, [273]
Mansard roof, in, [385]
Muhammedan arches, [221]
Roman arches, in, [166], [170]
Vaulting, in, [242], [244], [253]
Tiglath-Pileser, Assyrian kings, [59], [60]
Tiles ([Gloss.]):
Alhambra, use in, [227]
Assyria, in, [68], [72], [97]
Chaldæan, [68]
Domes, in, [207]
Doric Temples, in, [121], [122], [123]
Early Christian churches, in, [201]
Greek use, [122]
Muhammedan use of, [222]
Persian use of, [86], [97], [218], [229]
Renaissance, English, [414]
Roman use of, [168]
Temple of Hera, roof of, [118]
Turkish use of, [228]
Tiryns, Prehistoric civilisation of, [88]
Architecture, [98], [100-2]
Resemblance to Etruscan, [155]
Tivoli, Temple of Vesta, in, [170-1]
Villa of Hadrian, [180-1]
Tombs:
Abydos, at, [42]
Agamemnon, of, [100]
Altun Obu, at, [14]
Amenopheum, the, [45]
Artaxerxes, of, [76], [82]
Atreus, of, [124]
Barrows, [13], [14]
Beehive, [15], [99]
Cæcilia Metella, of, [173]
Cassandra, of, [100]
Cathedrals, in, [299]
Constanza, of, [198]
Cyrus, of, [81]
Darius I, of, [82-4]
Darius II, of, [76], [82]
Dolmen, [14]
Egyptian Middle Empire, of, [42]
Escoriál, of the, [403]
Etruscan, [155]
Galla Placidia, Rome, [201]
Henry VII, Westminster, of, [411]
Lycia, in, [99], [130]
Mahmud Bijapur, of, [230]
Mastabas, [41]
Midas, of, [130]
Minoan, [90]
Muhammedan, [217], [222]
Mycenæan, [99]
Myra, at, [99]
Pasargadæ, at, [75], [81]
Persepolis, at, [76], [82]
Phrygia, at, [99]
Primitive, [14]
Queen Hatasu, of, [45]
Rameses III, of, [45]
Ramesseum, The, [45]
S. Sebald, of, [391]
Sheik Omar, of, [222]
Suleiman and Roxelana, of, [228]
Taj Mahal, the, [217], [230]
Theban Empire, of, [42]
Tholos, the, [99]
Wolsey, Cardinal, of, [411]
Wren, Sir Christopher, of, [423]
Xerxes, of, [82]
Torus ([Gloss.]), pl. Tori, [47]
Cnossus, in fresco at, [123]
Corinthian, [164]
Doric, [124]
Ionic, [129]
Tours, School of, [376]
Towers:
Anglo-Saxon, [254]
Angoulême, at, [253]
Antwerp Cathedral, [308]
Babel, [62]
Babylon, [61]
Cathedral del Pillar, [401]
Châteaux, [378]
de Blois, [380]
de Chambord, [381]
Church of Apostles, Cologne, [259]
Cologne Cathedral, [303]
Diocletian’s Palace, [180]
Durham Cathedral, [256]
Earl’s Barton Church, [255]
Escoriál, the, [404]
Giralda, The, [225]
Gothic, English, [274], [289], [298]
Netherlandish, [307]
Houses of Parliament, [451]
Layer Marney, Essex, [411]
Madison Square Garden, New York, [226]
Malines Cathedral, [408]
Nôtre Dame, Paris, [282]
Palazzo Vecchio, [359]
Renaissance, English, [414]
Renaissance, German, [392]
Rheims Cathedral, [282]
Romanesque, [244]
S. Ouen’s, [286]
S. Paul’s, [421]
Saragossa, La Seo, [401]
Sargon’s Castle, [67-8]
Town Hall, Brussels, [307]
Turmanin Church, [200]
Wind, of the, Athens, [121]
Woolworth Building, [476]
Worms Cathedral, [258]
Wren’s Churches, [423]
Trabeated ([Gloss.]), [8]
Tracery ([Gloss.]):
Branch, [305]
Double, [304]
Early English, [290], [291]
Gothic, German, [303], [304]
Italian, [310], [312]
Netherlandish, [307]
Milan, in, [314]
Plate, [274-5]
Renaissance, French, [378]
Transepts ([Gloss.]):
Cathedrals, English, [289], [298]
Cologne Cathedral, [303]
Cologne, Church of Apostles, [259]
Early Christian Churches, [194]
Milan, S. Maria della Grazie, [346]
Norwich Cathedral, [246]
Nôtre Dame, Paris, [281]
S. Paul’s Cathedral, [420-1]
Pisa, Cathedral, [247]
Romanesque Churches, [241], [244]
Santiago de Compostello, [260]
Tournai, Cathedral, [307]
Worms Cathedral, [258]
Transoms ([Gloss.]), [290]
Château de Blois, [380]
English Renaissance, [414]
Transverse beams ([Gloss.]), [8]
Travertine ([Gloss.]), use of, [154], [175], [362]
“Treatise on Civil Architecture,” (Sir William Chambers), [427]
Trefoils, [290], [316]
Triada, Palace at, [98]
Triclinium ([Gloss.]), [181]
Triforium ([Gloss.]), [290], [299], [304], [314]
Triglyphs ([Gloss.]):
Coloured, [136]
Doric entablature, in, [126]
Roman, [164]
Triumphant Arches, see Arch
Troubadours, [238], [331]
Truss, [296]
Tudor Gothic, [288]
Tufa ([Gloss.]), [154], see concrete
Tumuli ([Gloss.]), [13], [17]
Turkish Architecture, [227]
Turrets, Gothic, Italian, [312]
Château de Chambord, [381]
Houses of Parliament, [451]
Renaissance, French, [378]
German, [392]
Holland, [409]
Romanesque, Spanish, [260]
S. Sulpice, Church of, [389]
Tuscan Orders, [155], [174]
Tympanum ([Gloss.]), [135], [171]
U
Uffizi, [354]
United States, The:
Beaux Arts Training, influence, [463], [464]
Capitol, Washington, [446]
Chicago Exposition, influence of, [465]
Christ Church, Philadelphia, [430]
Classical revival, [445]
Colonial architecture, [423], [429], [431]
Craigie House, [431]
Domestic Architecture, [468-9]
Engineering problems, [477]
English influence, [430]
French influence, [441], [445]
Gothic Revival, [452-3]
Imitative tendency, [466-8]
Office Buildings, [469], [475]
Old South Church, [430]
S. Paul’s, New York, [430]
Sherburn House, [431]
Steel Construction, [461], [470-7]
Trinity Church, New York, [452]
White House, The, [446]
Woolworth Building, [471], [476]
Unity of design ([Gloss.]), [11], [174], [209], [245]
“Universal Mirror,” see “Speculum Universale”
Universities:
Augsburg, [328]
Basel, [328]
Cambridge, [290], [295], [299]
Constantinople, [266]
Leyden, [334]
London, [438]
Nuremburg, [328]
Oxford, [257], [288], [293], [295], [299]
Salamanca, [399]
Strasburg, [328]
Virginia, [448]
Urbino, [346]
Urn, Burial, [155]
Usertesen, Obelisk of, [43]
V
Vases, Minoan, [90], [91], [97]
Mycenæan, [89]
Vatican:

Borgia Apartments, [97]
Museum, [198]
Sistine Chapel, [374]
Stanze Apartments, [374]
Vault ([Gloss.]), Vaulting:
Amiens, at, [281], [284]
Asymmetries in, [69], [70]
Barrel vaults, [42], [70-1], [209], [242], [253], [260], [373]
Basilicas, in, [177]
Byzantine use of, [204], [208]
Certosa, The, in, [313]
Chaldæan, [71]
Cross Groined, [167], [178], [242], [250], [253], [271-2]
Decorated, [168]
Dome or semidome, [167]
Egyptian use of, [53]
Escoriál, in, [404]
Fan Vaults, [295]
Gothic, [270]
English, [287], [293], [298]
French, [252]
German, [304]
Italian, [314]
Lombard, [310]
Spanish, [309]
Groin, [178], [242], [250], [253]
Hindu use of, [230]
Liernes, [294]
Madeleine, in the, [443]
Muhammedan use of, [222], [229]
Norman use of, [256]
Nôtre Dame, [281]
Palais de Justice, Liège, [406]
Pendentive Vaults, [295]
Persian use of, [229]
Pointed Groin Vault, [253]
Renaissance, Spanish, [401]
Rib and panel, [294]
Rib Vault, [243], [249], [272]
Romanesque, [241-2]
Rhenish, [259]
Spanish, [260]
Roman use of, [166-7], [173], [175]
Rudimentary, [15]
S. Andrea, Mantua, [345], [368]
S. Lorenzo, Florence, [343]
S. Mark’s, Venice, [209]
S. Spirito, Florence, [367]
Sainte Chapelle, in, [285]
Semicylindrical, vaulting, [167]
Sexpartite, [254]
Skew Vault, [254]
Stellar vaulting, [294]
Temple of Diana, Nîmes, [170]
Tiercerons, [294]
Vaults:
Foundations of Adelphi Terrace, [428]
S. Francisco, Rimini, in, [345]
Vega, Lope de, [330]
Velarium, [174], [176]
Veneer:
Byzantine use of, [203]
Italian Gothic exterior, in, [311]
Muhammedan use of, [222]
Roman use of, [168]
S. Stefano Rotondo, in, [199]
Sphinx Temple, in, [41]
Turkish Mosques, in, [228]
Venice:
Byzantine Influence in, [352]
Ca d’Oro, [360]
Cornaro Palace, [354]
Doge’s Palace, [210], [315]
Gothic architecture, [315-16]
Gvimane Palace, [355]
Il Redentore, Church of, [352]
Library of San Giorgio, [344]
Library of San Marco, [354], [365]
Lido, Fortifications at, [355]
Renaissance in, [352-6]
S. Giorgio dei Greci, [354]
S. Giorgio Maggiore, [352]
S. Maria della Salute, [356]
S. Maria dei Miracoli, [353]
S. Mark’s, [209], [210], [248], [252]
S. Zaccaria, [353]
Scuolo di S. Marco, [354]
Trade centre, a, [265], [353]
Vendramini Palace, [354], [360]
Zecca, The, [354]
Verandah, [432]
Verona:
Bevilacqua Palace, [355]
Canossa Palace, [355]
Pompeii Palace, [355]
Vesta, Temple of, [160]
Vestibules ([Gloss.]), [101], [102], [120]
Vicenza, [351]
Mediæval Basilica, [352]
Palazzo Barbarano, [352]
Palazzo Capitania, [352]
Villa Rotonda, [352]
Villas:
Chiswick on Thames, [352], [426]
Farnesina, the, [347]
House of Pansa, [181]
Pompeii, at, [181]
Pope Julius III, of, [348]
Roman Villas, [181], [400]
Villa Capra, [426]
Villa Madama, [347]
Villa of Hadrian, Tivoli, [180]
Villa Rotonda, [352]
Vincent of Beauvais, writings of, [266], [312]
Virgil, [436]
Vitruvius, descriptions of, [122], [144], [155], [182], [351], [352]
Vogüé, Marquis of, Explorations in Syria, [199]
Volutes ([Gloss.]), [131]
Assyrian ornament, in, [131]
Ionic ornament, in, [130]
Persian ornament, in, [87]
Roman ornament, in, [164]
Voussoirs ([Gloss.]):
Cloaca Maxima, in, [156]
Concrete construction compared, [166]
Dome of Cathedral, Florence, in, [343]
Mosque of Kait Bey, in, [224]
Vriendt, Cornelius de, book of ornament, [393]
W
Wainscots ([Gloss.]):
Alhambra, in, [227]
Colonial use, [432]
English Renaissance, in, [417]
Musée Plantin-Moretus, [408]
Wall Decoration in marble:
Chaldæan, [71-2]
Early Christian churches, [196]
Egyptian, [41], [48]
Florence, S. Maria Novella, [345]
Italian Gothic, [311], [316]
Renaissance use, [354], [393]
Romanesque use, [246], [249]
Roman use, [168], [172]
Turkish, [228]
Venetian use, [354]
Wall Painting:
Assyrian use of, [72]
Capitol, Washington, [447]
Cnossus, at, [93], [96], [97], [102], [123]
Egyptian use of, [45], [48]
English-Norman, [257]
Etruscan, [155]
Hellenic, [136]
Italian-Gothic, [311]
Minoan, [91]
Odeion of Herodes Atticus, [146]
Panthéon, Paris, [443]
Pyramid of Onas, [40]
Raphael’s Stanze, Vatican, [194],[374]
Renaissance, in, [339]
Romans, use by, [168], [181]
S. Paul’s-without-the-walls, [197]
S. Stefano Rotondo, in, [199]
Tiryns, in, [102]
Walter, Thomas Ustic, [447]
Water, use of:
Assyrian, [56]
Early Christian Churches, [194]
Egyptian, [30]
Minoan, [93], [97], [98], [101]
Muhammedan, [217], [218]
Persian, [86]
Roman, [176], [181], [182-3]
Weighing Houses of Holland, [409]
Winckelmann’s critical studies, [436]
Windows:
Alhambra, of, [226-7]
Anglo-Saxon, [254]
Angoulême, Cathedral of, [253]
Arcade type, [362]
Assyria, [70]
Blenheim Castle, of, [426]
Ca d’Oro, [360]
Campanile, of, [252]
Cancellaria, of, [363]
Casa Lonja, [402]
Château de Blois, [380]
Château de Chambord, [381]
Clerestory, [49]
Colonial, [431-2]
Crete, in, [93]
Cyrus’s Palace, [83]
Doge’s Palace, [316]
Doric Temple, [122], [126]
Egyptian use, [47], [50], [55]
Escoriál, the, [404]
Giralda, of the, [225]
Gothic, [274-276]
English, [290], [291]
German, [304], [316]
Italian, [310], [312]
Netherlandish, [307]
Hôtel des Invalides, of, [388]
Iffley Church, of, [257]
Lantern of Galla Placidia, [201]
Louvre, of the, [383], [384], [385]
Milan Cathedral, in, [313]
Modern necessity for, [438]
Muhammedan, [222]
Norman, [255]
Order type, [362]
Oriel, [414]
Palace of Charles V, in, [403]
Palace of Diocletian, in, [196]
Palazzo Riccardi, in, [359-60]
Vecchio, [359-60]
Vendramini, [360]
Palladian design, [370]
Perpendicular style, [271]
Primitive, [20]
Queen Anne Style, [424]
Renaissance, English, [414], [417]
French, [378]
German, [392-3], [395-6]
Spanish, [399], [400]
Romanesque treatment of, [242], [244], [245]
Spanish, [260]
Roman treatment of, [172], [178]
Rose or wheel, [251], [271]
S. Peter’s, of, [372]
S. Sophia’s, of, [208]
Sainte Chapelle, of, [285]
Sky-scrapers, of, [475]
Tampu Tocco, at, [19]
Tiryns, at, [101]
Venetian Renaissance, of, [362]
Whitehall Palace, of, [418]
Worms, Cathedral, of, [258]
Xerxes, Palace, of, [86]
York Minster, of, [298]
Wings:
Capitol, Washington, in, [446-7]
English Renaissance houses, in, [414]
Friedrichsbau, in, [394]
Heinrichsbau, in, [394]
Louvre, of the, [383], [444]
Luxembourg, of the, [387]
Whitehall, of, [418]
Wyatt, [335]
Wycliffe, [335]
X
Xerxes I, of Persia, [76]
Invades Hellenic States, [108]
Palace, [85] et seq.
Tent, in Odeion of Pericles, [145]
Z
Zecca (the mint), Venice, [354]
Zeus, [101], [128]
Temple of, [111], [122]
Ziggurat ([Gloss.]), [66-67], [73]
Zoroaster, [78]
Zoroastrianism, [78], [81]

BIBLIOGRAPHY

General.

Cummings, Charles A. History of Architecture in Italy. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1901. 2 vols.

Fergusson, James. History of Modern Architecture. 1873.