Mind and Hand: Manual Training the Chief Factor in Education

by Charles H. Ham

The tabulations of facts which will be found in the Appendix show that a vast number of schools have been dedicated to the new education. If they are to be developed into ideal schools thousands of ideal teachers must devote themselves to the arduous task. Each school transformed from the dull routine of mediocrity to the vigor and elasticity which wait on development will cost the life of a hero. The school that has no hero to struggle for its salvation will surely languish and die. Every great school of the future must therefore have its hero, for it is only the hero who toils without thought of reward. As Carlyle so well says: “The wages of every noble work do yet lie in heaven or else nowhere.” And he has left this message of advice and encouragement to the hero of the school of the future which is to revolutionize the world: “Thou wilt never sell thy life in a satisfactory manner. Give it like a royal heart; let the price be nothing: thou hast then, in a certain sense, got all for it!”

APPENDIX

STATISTICS.—MANUAL TRAINING, 1883-1898, IN THE UNITED STATES

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC HIGH-SCHOOLS

Name of School	City or Town	State	Manual Training Estab- lished	Teachers of Manual Training	Pupils Taking Manual Training
High-school	Peru	Ill.	1883	2	41
Polytechnic High-school	Baltimore	Md.	1883	16	674
High-school	Eau Claire	Wis.	1884	1	50
Central Manual-training School	Philadelphia	Penn.	1885	13	406
Industrial Training High-school	Indianapolis	Ind.	1885	10	676
Rochester Free Academy	Rochester	N. Y.	1885	..	908
High-school	Toledo	Ohio	1885	11	394
Central Manual-training School	Cleveland	Ohio	1885	4	200
Central High-school	Washington	D. C.	1886	..	235
Manual-training High-school	New Haven	Conn.	1886	13	..
Manual-training School	Springfield	Mass.	1886	3	34
High-school	Minneapolis	Minn.	1886	4	375
Newburg Free Academy	Newburg	N. Y.	1886	2	133
Manual-training School	Galesburg	Ill.	1887	1	74
High-school	St. Paul	Minn.	1887	5	350
Manual-training High-school	Stillwater	Minn.	1887	1	12
High-school	Jamestown	N. Y.	1887	1	48
Central High-school	Easton	Del.	1888	..	..
High-school	Easton	Md.	1888	..	..
Ridge Manual-training School	Cambridge	Mass.	1888	9	178
High-school	Concord	N. H.	1888	4	52
Orange High-school	Orange	N. J.	1888	3	180
High-school	Albany	N. Y.	1888	3	750
Dist. 20 Central High-school	Pueblo	Col.	1889	1	160
Manual-training High-school	Davenport	Iowa	1889	1	82
West Des Moines High-school	Des Moines	Iowa	1889	1	50
Manual-training High-school	Fall River	Mass.	1889	1	62
High-school	Duluth	Minn.	1889	2	80
High school	Omaha	Neb.	1889	..	100
High-school	Union	N. J.	1889	3	200
High-school	Westchester	Penn.	1889	4	240
English High and Manual-training School	Chicago	Ill.	1890	17	430
Manual-training High-school	Louisville	Ky.	1890	13	212
Approved High-school	Vineland	N. J.	1890	1	150
High-school	Passaic	N. J.	1890	2	53
High-school	South Orange	N. J.	1890	1	150
West Manual-training School	Cleveland	Ohio	1890	3	100
East and West High-schools	Milwaukee	Wis.	1890	4	144
Norwich Free Academy	Norwich	Conn.	1891	1	33
High-school	Waterbury	Conn.	1891	1	..
High-school	Springfield	Ill.	1891	1	20
Moline High-school	Moline	Ill.	1891	1	47
Manual training High-school	Waltham	Mass.	1891	2	18
High-school	Bay City	Mich.	1891	[120]	[120]
Ridgewood High-school	Ridgewood	N. J.	1891	3	35
Manual training High-school	Camden	N. J	1891	3	150
Manual training High-school	Seattle	Wash.	1891	2	70
High-school	Menominee	Wis.	1891	5	103
High-school	Bristol	Conn.	1892	1	30
Willard Hall High-school	Wilmington	Del.	1892	3	210
Fremont Manual-training School	Fremont	Ohio	1892	1	50
North East Manual-training School	Philadelphia	Penn.	1892	9	369
High-school	Norristown	Penn.	1892	2	290
Manual-training High-school	Providence	R. I.	1892	18	280
High-school	Spokane	Wash.	1892	3	85
Polytechnical High-school	San Francisco	Cal.	1893	4	250
Manual-training High-school	Mason City	Iowa	1893	1	125
High-school	Manchester	N. H.	1893	1	12
High-school	Atlantic City	N. J.	1893	1	235
East Orange High-school	East Orange	N. J.	1893	3	125
Manual-training High-school	Denver	Col.	1894	..	400
High-school	Frankfort	Ky.	1894	2	100
Mechanics Arts High-school	Boston	Mass.	1894	11	324
Manual-training High-school	Brooklyn	N. Y.	1894	..	800
Washington High-school	Washington	Penn.	1894	..	27
Townsend Industrial School	Newport	R. I.	1894	2	26
Ryan High-school	Appleton	Wis.	1894	1	26
Manual-training School	Lowell	Mass.	1895	2	50
English High-school	Somerville	Mass.	1895	2	75
English and Classical High-school	Worcester	Mass.	1895	4	283
High-school	Medford	Mass.	1895	2	20
English High-school	Lynn	Mass.	1895	3	72
High-school	Lawrence	Mass.	1895	1	33
Royen High-school	Youngstown	Ohio	1895	1	200
High-school	Fitchburg	Mass.	1895	..	..
High-school	Burlington	Wis.	1896	..	..
High-school	Los Angeles	Cal.	1896	6	315
High-school	Rockford	Ill.	1896	1	27
High-school	Florence	Wis.	1896	2	36
Brookline High-school	Brookline	Mass.	1896	1	50
High-school	Janesville	Wis.	1896	..	..
High-school	Malden	Mass.	1896	2	60
Hackley Manual-training School	Muskegon	Mich.	1896	4	350
Ishpeming Manual-training School	Ishpeming	Mich.	1896	1	75
Menominee Manual-training School	Menominee	Mich.	1896	1	25
High-school	Summit	N. J.	1896	1	40
Barlow School of Industrial Art	Binghamton	N. Y.	1896	3	173
High-school	Syracuse	N. Y.	1896	..	50
High-school	Akron	Ohio	1896	2	180
Cross Creek School	Washington	Penn.	1896	..	14
High-school	Waupaca	Wis.	1897	1	16
High-school	Winnetka	Ill.	1897	1	16
High-school	Fond du Lac	Wis.	1897	1	50
Manual-training High-school	Kansas City	Mo.	1897	27	800
High-school	Oshkosh	Wis.	1897	3	250
Central and Martin Park High-schools	Buffalo	N. Y.	1897	1	50
High-school	Mayville	Wis.	1897	1	30
High-school	Red Bank	N. J.	1897	1	375
High-school	Hartford	Conn.	1898	4	140
Manual-training High school	Newark	N. J.	1898	..	..
Howard School	Wilmington	Del.	[121]	1	45
High-school	Iowa City	Iowa	[121]	..	..
High-school	Brockton	Mass.	[121]	..	..
High-school	South Omaha	Neb.	[121]	..	..
High-school	Stamford	Conn.	[121]	..	..
	101 Cities	23 States		320	15,942

[120] Abandoned temporarily for want of funds.

[121] Date of establishment not reported.

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS—GRAMMAR GRADES

City or Town	State	Manual Training Estab- lished in Grammar Grades	Separate Manual- training Schools	Teachers of Manual Training	Pupils Taking Manual Training
Montclair	N. J.	1882	All	4	530
Peru	Ill.	1883	2	2	..
New Haven	Conn.	1884	..	..	..
Jamestown	N. Y.	1884	2	2	800
Eau Claire	Wis.	1884	1	..	100
Waltham	Mass.	1885	1	2	425
Rochester	N. Y.	1885	..	..	336
Toledo	Ohio	1885	11	11	2,257
Washington	D. C.	1886	40	43	9,452
Springfield	Mass.	1886	1	3	267
Boston	Mass.	1886	All	81	37,240
Newburg	N. Y.	1886	1	2	95
Tidioute	Penn.	1886	..	..	..
Beardstown	Ill.	1887	1	2	..
Easton	Del.	1888	..	..	..
Brookline	Mass.	1888	1	2	525
Winchester	Mass.	1888	1	2	408
Concord	N. H.	1888	2	4	402
Hoboken	N. J.	1888	6	6	1,229
Orange	N. J.	1888	5	3	842
New York	N. Y.	1888	37	32	10,187
Meadville	Penn.	1888	..	2	263
Wilmington	Del.	1889	1	..	45
Davenport	Iowa	1889	1	1	101
Vineland	N. J.	1889	All	1	500
Union	N. J.	1889	All	All	643
St. Louis	Mo.	1890	1[122]	8[122]	116[122]
Duluth	Minn.	1890	12	25	1,000
Passaic	N. J.	1890	..	2	152
Garfield	N. J.	1890	1	2	550
Paterson	N. J.	1890	1	1	300
Ridgewood	N. J.	1890	..	4	200
Knoxville	Tenn.	1890	..	..	..
South Orange	N. J.	1890	1	1	300
Waterbury	Conn.	1891	..	..	..
Springfield	Ill.	1891	1	1	50
Moline	Ill.	1891	1	1	279
Salem	Mass.	1891	1	1	160
Northampton	Mass.	1891	1	1	900
Bay City	Mich.	1891	[123]	[123]	[123]
San Francisco	Cal.	1892	3	2	560
St. Paul	Minn.	1892	..	4	2,366
Camden	N. J.	1892	..	4	4,600
Norristown	Penn.	1892	2	3	1,430
Providence	R. I.	1892	13	..	..
Menominee	Wis.	1892	2	4	200
Bristol	Conn.	1893	2	..	276
Haverhill	Mass.	1893	1	1	190
Manistee	Mich.	1893	..	..	..
Minneapolis	Minn.	1893	5	5	1,214
St. Cloud	Minn.	1893	1	1	150
Manchester	N. H.	1893	All	1	196
Bayonne	N. J.	1893	All	All	All
East Orange	N. J.	1893	All	2	755
Cleveland	Ohio	1893	2	1	3,500
Newport	R. I.	1893	..	4	633
Staunton	Va.	1893	..	1	200
Santa Barbara	Cal.	1894	1	2	232
San Diego	Cal.	1894	5	1	270
Portland	Maine	1894	1	3	900
Medford	Mass.	1894	1	2	400
New Bedford	Mass	1894	1	1	400
Ithaca	N. Y.	1894	2	2	420
Mason City	Iowa	1894	1	1	50
Denver	Colo.	1895	All	..	2,500
Chicago	Ill.	1895	28	32	8,200
Cape May	N. J.	1895	All	3	411
Fitchburg	Mass.	1895	..	..	..
Buffalo	N. Y.	1895	..	1	200
Pittsburg	Penn.	1895	3	2	400
Barbadoes Township	N. J.	1895	3	3	713
Woonsocket	R. I.	1895	..	1	150
Oakland	Cal.	1896	1	1	425
Carlstadt	N. J.	1896	All	5	240
Los Angeles	Cal.	1896	7	..	2,080
Summit	N. J.	1896	3	3	200
Hartford	Conn.	1896	All	5	800
Des Moines	Iowa	1896	2	2	80
Florence	Wis.	1896	1	..	..
Menominee	Mich.	1896	1	1	80
Brooklyn	N. Y.	1896	..	..	..
Glens Falls	N. Y.	1896	1	1	60
Utica	N. Y.	1896	..	4	2,300
Akron	Ohio	1896	..	2	210
Washington	Penn.	1896	5	3	112
Pueblo Dist. No. 1	Colo.	1897	..	2	180
Winnetka	Ill.	1897	1	1	48
Oshkosh	Wis.	1897	25	28	1,400
Indianapolis	Ind.	1897	1	2	1,000
North Adams	Mass.	1897	1	1	247
Lynn	Mass.	1897	1	1	351
Newton	Mass.	1897	1	1	135
Worcester	Mass.	1897	..	2	397
Cambridge	Mass.	1897	1	2	136
Muskegon	Mich.	1897	2	4	700
Kansas City	Mo.	1897	..	..	..
Newark	N. J.	1897	..	3	2,265
Milwaukee	Wis.	1897	1	1	15
Pueblo Dist. No. 20	Colo.	1898	..	2	300
New Britain	Conn.	1898	..	..	190
Peabody	Mass.	1898	..	..	..
Moberly	Mo.	1898	..	..	..
Stockton	Cal.	[124]	..	..	..
Santa Cruz	Cal.	[124]	..	..	..
Manchester	Conn.	[124]	..	..	..
Stamford	Conn.	[124]	..	..	..
Iowa City	Iowa	[124]	..	..	..
Augusta	Me.	[124]	..	..	..
Baltimore	Md.	[124]	All	..	All
Hyde Park	Mass.	[124]	3	3	204
Holyoke	Mass.	[124]	1	..	..
Easton	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Fall River	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Dedham	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Malden	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Milton	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Waterbury	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Wellesley	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Canton	Mass.	[124]	..	..	..
Richmond	Va.	[124]	..	..	..
119 Cities	24 States		287	444	118,835

[122] Colored School.