Mind and Hand: Manual Training the Chief Factor in Education

by Charles H. Ham

[123] Abandoned temporarily for want of funds.

[124] Date of establishment not reported.

MANUAL TRAINING IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS—PRIMARY GRADES

City or Town[125]	State	Manual Training Estab- lished in Primary Grades	Separate Manual Training Primary Grades	Teachers of Manual Training	Pupils Taking Manual Training
Montclair	N. J.	1882	All	All	1,047
Jamestown	N. Y.	1882	All	All	2,400
Baltimore	Md.	1884	..	..	..
Washington	D. C.	1886	55	..	12,900
Newburg	N. Y.	1886	..	..	..
Tidioute	Penn.	1886	..	..	..
Oakland	Cal.	1888	..	2	2,159
Springfield	Mass.	1888	All	..	29,256
Concord	N. H.	1888	..	..	..
Orange	N. J.	1888	4	3	2,132
New York	N. Y.	1888	..	..	12,000
Union	N. J.	1889	All	All	560
Vineland	N. J.	1889	All	1	700
Westchester	Penn.	1889	..	1	..
Garfield	N. J.	1890	..	1	200
South Orange	N. J.	1890	1	1	200
Waterbury	Conn.	1891	..	1	..
Moline	Ill.	1891	..	..	..
Northampton	Mass.	1891	..	1	900
Ridgewood	N. J.	1891	..	3	200
San Francisco	Cal.	1892	1	1	176
St. Paul	Minn.	1892	40	..	4,500
Camden	N. J.	1892	..	..	3,080
Providence	R. I.	1892	50	..	..
Bristol	Conn.	1893	2	2	144
Minneapolis	Minn.	1893	44	..	4,446
Stillwater	Minn.	1893	..	..	..
Cleveland	Ohio	1893	..	..	3,500
Staunton	Va.	1893	..	1	200
Menominee	Wis.	1893	..	2	200
St. Cloud	Minn.	1894	..	2	488
Philipsburg	N. J.	1894	All	All	700
Elyria	Ohio	1894	All	All	700
Newport	R. I.	1894	..	2	101
Denver	Colo.	1895	..	..	..
Oshkosh	Wis.	1896	20	25	800
Waltham	Mass.	1896	..	..	100
Carlstadt	N. J.	1896	All	5	..
Utica	N. Y.	1896	..	..	..
Akron	Ohio	1896	All	All	1,800
San Diego	Cal.	1897	5	3	250
Newark	N. J.	1897	..	..	..
Indianapolis	Ind.	1897	..	2	500
Moberly	Mo.	1897	..	..	..
Passaic	N. J.	1897	..	1	375
Pueblo Dist. No. 1	Colo.	1898	..	1	180
Santa Cruz	Cal.	..	..	..	..
Elgin	Ill.	..	..	1	..
Augusta	Me.	..	..	..	..
Detroit	Mich.	..	..	..	..
Toledo	Ohio	..	..	..	..
Pittsburg	Penn.	..	..	..	..
Shenandoah	Penn.	..	..	..	..
La Crosse	Wis.	..	..	..	..
54 Cities	20 States		222	62	88,398

[125] Of the 54 cities tabulated, only 9 report the number of separate primary schools in which Manual Training is taught. These 9 cities report 202 schools, or an average of 22.4 schools per city. Nine cities report all. Thirty-four cities do not report. If the average obtained from the cities reporting can be applied to all, then 1120 primary schools have Manual Training. Thirty-one cities do not report the number of teachers. Twenty cities report 34. Applying the above method shows 85 teachers of Manual Training in primary schools. It must be remembered that there are special or supervising teachers; the regular teachers doing most of this work under supervision. Thirty-two cities report 87,598 pupils taking Primary Manual Training; or 2737 on the average to each city reporting. Applying this average to the 51 cities reporting, the total is 139,587.

KINDERGARTENS IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

City or Town	State	Kinder- garten Estab- lished	Separate Kinder- gartens	Kinder- garten Teachers	Kinder- garten Pupils
St. Louis	Mo.	1873	60	400	7,694
Milwaukee	Wis.	1880	42	83	3,816
Cedar Rapids	Iowa	1881	12	16	766
Newport	R. I.	1882	4	8	250
Lowell	Mass.	1883	12	25	400
Pawtucket	R. I.	1883	4	9	295
La Porte	Ind.	1884	3	5	163
Muskegon	Mich.	1884	8	10	581
Philadelphia	Penn.	1884	135	180	6,500
Traverse City	Mich.	1885	4	4	180
San José	Cal.	1885	7	17	337
Augusta	Ga.	1887	4	8	183
Des Moines	Iowa	1887	14	28	807
Marshalltown	Iowa	1887	7	10	260
Louisville	Ky.	1887	10	59	750
Albany	N. Y.	1887	19	30	750
Boston	Mass.	1888	67	126	3,925
Brookline	Mass.	1888	11	18	373
Rochester	N. Y.	1888	13	68	1,972
Sheboygan	Wis.	1888	9	27	980
Bristol	Conn.	1889	3	7	253
Richmond	Ind.	1889	2	2	75
Cambridge	Mass.	1889	11	22	583
Grand Rapids	Mich.	1889	8	7	352
Montclair	N. J.	1889	5	12	273
Louisburg	N. Y.	1889	5	10	165
North Tonawanda	N. Y.	1889	4	4	200
Norwich	Conn.	1890	3	7	120
Lexington	Ky.	1890	5	10	360
Grand Haven	Mich.	1890	1	3	105
Garfield	N. J.	1890	2	2	80
East Orange	N. J.	1890	6	6	180
South Orange	N. J.	1890	1	2	55
Providence	R. I.	1890	15	31	700
Los Angeles	Cal.	1891	29	78	1,800
Covington	Ky.	1891	5	10	600
Frankfort	Ky.	1891	1	2	50
Somerville	Mass.	1891	5	11	200
Iron Mountain	Mich.	1891	11	11	586
Ironwood	Mich.	1891	3	9	290
Negaunee	Mich.	1891	2	2	78
Concord	N. H.	1891	5	7	288
Passaic	N. J.	1891	6	8	284
Greenwich	Conn.	1892	1	1	52
Terre Haute	Ind.	1892	16	11	435
Worcester	Mass.	1892	10	19	518
Lowell	Mass.	1892	12	26	900
Duluth	Minn.	1892	16	27	1,000
Omaha	Neb.	1892	26	40	1,600
Plainfield	N. J.	1892	5	5	230
Utica	N. Y.	1892	11	26	750
Cohoes	N. Y.	1892	2	4	127
Niagara Falls	N. Y.	1892	4	6	156
San Diego	Cal.	1893	6	6	250
Denver	Colo.	1893	25	50	2,534
Chicago	Ill.	1893	51	121	2,500
Newton	Mass.	1893	13	29	569
Lincoln	Neb.	1893	8	22	700
Menominee	Mich.	1893	5	5	350
Kansas City	Mo.	1893	5	5	200
Ridgewood	N. J.	1893	1	2	75
Union	N. J.	1893	2	3	120
Saratoga Springs	N. Y.	1893	9	24	500
Flushing	N. Y.	1893	3	4	60
New Rochelle	N. Y.	1893	5	7	476
El Paso	Tex.	1893	1	3	100
Burlington	Vt.	1893	4	8	137
Racine	Wis.	1893	6	11	573
Fond du Lac	Wis.	1894	5	11	250
Hammond	Ind.	1894	1	2	80
Oskaloosa	Iowa	1894	5	5	210
Sioux City	Iowa	1894	3	6	125
Springfield	Mass.	1894	8	17	346
Peabody	Mass.	1894	3	6	126
Medford	Mass.	1894	4	8	220
Superior	Wis.	1894	5	11	225
Lawrence	Mass.	1894	1	2	36
Escanaba	Mich.	1894	4	4	225
Winona	Minn.	1894	8	13	400
Natchez	Miss.	1894	1	1	50
Portsmouth	N. H.	1894	4	6	180
Binghamton	N. Y.	1894	13	14	600
Geneva	N. Y.	1894	4	5	150
Sing Sing	N. Y.	1894	3	3	91
Wilkesbarre	Penn.	1894	2	2	80
Marinette	Wis.	1894	5	5	300
La Crosse	Wis.	1894	3	3	150
Madison	Wis.	1894	2	6	134
Oakland	Cal.	1895	1	1	60
Jeffersonville	Ind.	1895	7	7	200
Burlington	Iowa	1895	5	10	200
North Adams	Mass.	1895	3	6	120
Vicksburg	Miss.	1895	4	5	180
Fremont	Ohio	1895	3	5	160
Oshkosh	Wis.	1895	9	25	800
Winnetka	Ill.	1896	1	5	57
Indianapolis	Ind.	1896	1	1	53
Dubuque	Iowa	1896	4	8	232
Malden	Mass.	1896	2	5	85
Northampton	Mass.	1896	2	4	90
Ishpeming	Mich.	1896	2	6	300
Detroit	Mich.	1896	6	12	91
Nashua	N. H.	1896	2	4	120
Syracuse	N. Y.	1896	2	4	97
Mt. Vernon	N. Y.	1896	2	2	30
Cleveland	Ohio	1896	12	24	500
Stevens Point	Wis.	1896	4	5	180
New Bedford	Mass.	1897	3	6	140
Walden	Mass.	1897	1	2	40
Newark	N. J.	1897	26	50	2,100
Hoboken	N. J.	1897	7	15	368
Bayonne	N. J.	1897	[126]	[126]	[126]
Brooklyn	N. Y.	1897	14	28	..
Woonsocket	R. I.	1897	1	2	30
Pueblo	Colo.	1898	1	2	65
Akron	Ohio	1898	1	3	30
Seattle	Wash.	1898	1	2	51
Appleton	Wis.	1898	4	8	200
Anniston	Ala.	..	2	..	122
Hot Springs	Ark.	..	1	1	16
Sacramento	Cal.	..	4	8	172
Santa Cruz	Cal.	..	1	2	53
Manchester	Conn.	..	1	8	210
New Britain	Conn.	..	6	13	410
New Haven	Conn.	..	8	19	676
Hartford	Conn.	..	12	138	1,326
Norwalk	Conn.	..	3	6	95
Rockville	Conn.	..	1	1	..
Willimantic	Conn.	..	2	6	229
Rome	Ga.	..	1	1	16
Evanston	Ill.	..	2	6	100
Augusta	Me.	..	1	1	..
Portland	Me.	..	6	10	125
Fall River	Mass.	..	2	4	202
Sault Ste. Marie	Mich.	..	3	5	300
St. Paul	Minn.	..	28	57	..
Trenton	N. J.	..	1	1	65
Paterson	N. J.	..	15	17	500
[127]Buffalo	N. Y.	..	10	15	925
Gloversville	N. Y.	..	4	4	411
New York	N. Y.	..	15	16	571
Schenectady	N. Y.	..	1	2	40
Newark	Ohio	..	2	3	33
Pittsburg	Penn.	..	16	48	800
Oil City	Penn.	..	2	2	104
Allegheny	Penn.	..	3	12	120
146 Cities	26 States	..	1,202	2,695	73,543

[126] All first-grade schools have kindergartens.

[127] Kindergartens are conducted by a private association financially assisted from public-school funds.

MANUAL TRAINING IN SCHOOLS FOR THE COLORED RACE