From the mass of excellent historical works dealing with the Balkans, one would commend especially: N. Forbes, A. J. Toynbee, D. Mitrany, and D. G. Hogarth: The Balkans, a History of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Rumania, Turkey, Oxford, 1915; J. A. R. Marriott, The Eastern Question, an Historical Study in European Diplomacy, Oxford, 1917; R. W. Seton-Watson, The Rise of Nationality in the Balkans, London, 1917; and (Baron) L. H. C. Courtney (editor), Nationalism and War in the Near East, by a Diplomatist. Oxford, 1916.
The aspirations, claims, and policy of Bulgaria have received their most moderate and candid presentation from “Historicus,” Bulgaria and her Neighbors, New York, 1917; and G. C. Logio, Bulgaria: Problems and Politics, New York, 1919.
There is a fairly detailed map showing the new frontiers of Bulgaria as fixed by the treaty of Neuilly in the Geographical Journal, February, 1920.
On the situation and claims of Greece, see Charles Vellay, L’Irrédentisme hellénique, Paris, 1913; and “Polybius,” Greece before the Conference, London, 1919.
The literature of the Macedonian question is enormous. Among pre-War works on the subject by impartial outsiders, one would name especially: Victor Bérard, La Turquie et l’hellénisme contemporain, Paris, 1896, and La Macédoine, Paris, 1897; H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia, its Races and their Future, London, 1906; and G. Amadori-Virgilj, La Questione rumeliota, vol. i, Bitonto, 1908 (also very useful on Albania and Epirus). The Bulgarian claims to Macedonia are set forth notably by “A. Ofeikov” (pseudonym for Šopov), La Macédoine au point de vue ethnographique, historique et philologique, Philippopolis, 1887; S. Radeff, La Macédoine et la renaissance bulgare au XIXᵉ siècle, Sofia, 1918; and V. Sís, Mazedonien, eine Studie über Geographie, Geschichte, Volkskunde ..., Zurich, 1918. The Serbian point of view is presented by T. R. Georgevitch, Macedonia, London, 1918; Jovan Cvijić, Questions balkaniques, Paris, 1916; and A. Belić, La Macédoine, études ethnographiques et politiques, Paris, 1919. For the Greek side of the case, see M. Paillares, L’Imbroglio macédonien, Paris, 1907; and S. P. Phocas-Cosmetatos, La Macédoine, son passé et son présent, Paris, 1919.
Regarding the Dobrudja question, the Roumanian claims are set forth by N. P. Comnène, La Dobrogea: essai historique, économique, ethnographique, et politique, Paris, 1918; and the Bulgarian standpoint is upheld by A. Ishirkov, Les Bulgares en Dobrudja; aperçu historique et ethnographique, Berne, 1919.
On the question of Northern Epirus (or Southern Albania) one may consult, for the Greek side, N. J. Cassavetes, The Question of Northern Epirus at the Peace Conference, Boston, 1919; and R. Puaux, The Sorrows of Epirus, London, 1918. The Albanian point of view in this and other questions is set forth by C. A. Chekrezi, Albania Past and Present, New York, 1919; C. A. Dako, Albania, the Master Key to the Near East, Boston, 1919; and in the Memorandum submitted by the Albanian Delegation to the Peace Conference (published by the Association for International Conciliation, American Branch, New York, 1919: no. 138 of their series).
Very little has yet been published on the question of Thrace. The most useful compendium of maps, statistics, and historical and ethnographic data about it is The Question of Thrace: Greeks, Bulgars, and Turks, by J. Saxon Mills and M. G. Chrussachi, London, 1919 (primarily based on Bulgarian data, used to refute Bulgarian claims).
On the problem of the Straits, the best treatment—both historical and analytical—is probably to be found in the recent volume by Coleman Philippson and Noel Buxton, The Question of the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, London, 1917. A brief but excellent essay is A. C. Coolidge’s Claimants to Constantinople, Cambridge, Mass., 1917.
The London Times of May 12, 1920, contains a rather full account of the terms of the treaty of peace with Turkey, which have just been officially presented to the Ottoman government. These proposed terms have been given out too late to be considered in the text of the present volume.