The principal authorities used in the selection of the illustrations of this new edition are: Baumeister, Denkmäler des klassischen Alterthums (3 vols., Munich, 1888); Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture (London, 1905); Ernest Gardner, Ancient Athens (New York and London, 1902); Percy Gardner, A Grammar of Greek Art (New York and London, 1905); and Sculptured Tombs of Hellas (London, 1896); Percy Gardner and Jevons, A Manual of Greek Antiquities (London, 1895); Gerhard, Auserlesene griechische Vasenbilder (1840-1858); Gusman, Pompeii (London, 1900); Harrison and Maccoll, Greek Vase Paintings (London, 1894); E. von Mach, Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture (Boston, 1905); and Greek Sculpture, Its Spirit and Principles (Boston, 1903); A. S. Murray, Handbook of Greek Archæology (London, 1892); History of Greek Sculpture (2 vols., London, 1883); and Sculptures of the Parthenon (London, 1903); A. S. Murray and C. A. Hutton, Greek Bronzes and Terra Cotta Statuettes (London, 1898); C. O. Müller, Denkmäler der alten Kunst (Göttingen, 1832); Overbeck, Griechische Kunstmythologie (1871 ——); Emil Presuhn, Pompeii, 1874-1881 (Leipzig, 1882); Salomon Reinach, Peintures de vases antiques (including the collections of Millin, 1808, and Millingen, 1813 (Paris, 1891)), and Apollo (Paris, 1907); H. Roux Ainé, Herculaneum and Pompeii; Roscher, Ausführliches Lexikon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie (1884 ——) (Lieferungen 1-17 in Vol. I, 18 on in Vol. II); Anton Springer, Handbuch der Kunstgeschichte (I Alterthum, Leipzig, 1904); Charles Waldstein, The Argive Heræum (2 vols.); and the archæological periodicals as cited in the List of Illustrations.
The acknowledgment of assistance made in the former edition is here renewed.
CHARLES MILLS GAYLEY
[CONTENTS]
| PAGE | |
|---|---|
| INTRODUCTION | xxix |
| PART I MYTHS OF DIVINITIES AND HEROES | |
| CHAPTER I. GREEK MYTHS OF THE CREATION | [1] |
| Purpose of the Study. The Fable and the Myth. Origin of the World. Origin of the Gods. The Rule of Cronus. The War of the Titans. The Division of Empire. The Reign of Jupiter. The Origin of Man. Prometheus, a Creator. The Age of Gold. The Silver Age. Prometheus, Champion of Man. Pandora. Prometheus Bound. Longfellow's Prometheus. The Brazen Age. The Iron Age. The Flood. Deucalion and Pyrrha. The Demigods and Heroes. | |
| CHAPTER II. THE GODS OF HEAVEN | [18] |
| Olympus. The Great Gods. Jupiter (Zeus). Conceptions of Jupiter. Juno (Hera). Minerva (Athene or Athena). Mars (Ares). Vulcan (Hephæstus). Apollo. Shelley's Hymn of Apollo. Diana (Artemis). Jonson's Hymn to Cynthia. Venus (Aphrodite). The "Venus of Milo." Mercury (Hermes). Vesta (Hestia). The Lesser Divinities of Heaven. | |
| CHAPTER III. THE GODS OF EARTH | [42] |
| Conception of the World. Ceres (Demeter). Gæa (Ge). Bacchus (Dionysus). The Lesser Divinities of Earth. | |
| CHAPTER IV. THE GODS OF THE UNDERWORLD | [47] |
| The Underworld. Tartarus and the Elysian Fields. The Islands of the Blest. Pluto (Hades). Proserpina (Persephone). The Lesser Divinities of the Underworld. | |
| CHAPTER V. THE GODS OF THE WATERS | [55] |
| The Older Dynasty. The Younger Dynasty. The Lesser Divinities of the Waters. | |
| CHAPTER VI. THE ROMAN DIVINITIES | [59] |
| Gods Common to Greece and Italy. Italian Gods. | |
| CHAPTER VII. MYTHS OF THE GREAT DIVINITIES OF HEAVEN | [64] |
| Myths of Jupiter and Juno. Love Affairs of Jupiter. Io. Callisto. Europa. Semele. Ægina. Antiope. Jupiter, a Friend of Man. Juno's Best Gift. Myths of Minerva. Arachne. Myths of Mars. Mars and Diomede. Mars and Minerva. The Fortunes of Cadmus. Myths of Vulcan. Myths of Apollo. The Wanderings of Latona. Apollo, the Light Triumphant. Hyacinthus. Phaëthon. The Plague sent upon the Greeks before Troy. The Punishment of Niobe. The Lamentation for Linus. Æsculapius. Apollo in Exile. Lowell's Shepherd of King Admetus. Admetus and Alcestis. Apollo, the Musician. Apollo, Pan, and Midas. Shelley's Hymn of Pan. Marsyas. The Loves of Apollo. Daphne. Marpessa. Clytie. Myths of Diana. The Flight of Arethusa. Shelley's Arethusa. The Fate of Actæon. The Fortunes and Death of Orion. The Pleiads. Endymion. Myths of Venus. Adonis. Cupid and Psyche. Keats' Ode to Psyche. Atalanta's Race. Hero and Leander. Pygmalion and the Statue. Pyramus and Thisbe. Phaon. The Vengeance of Venus. Myths of Mercury. | |
| CHAPTER VIII. MYTHS OF THE GREAT DIVINITIES OF EARTH | [152] |
| Myths of Bacchus. The Wanderings of Bacchus. The Story of Acetes. The Choice of King Midas. | |
| CHAPTER IX. FROM THE EARTH TO THE UNDERWORLD | [159] |
| Myths of Ceres, Pluto, and Proserpine. The Rape of Proserpine. The Wanderings of Ceres. Triptolemus and the Eleusinian Mysteries. Orpheus and Eurydice. | |
| CHAPTER X. MYTHS OF NEPTUNE, RULER OF THE WATERS | [169] |
| Lord of the Sea. Lord of Streams and Fountains. Pelops and Hippodamia. | |
| CHAPTER XI. MYTHS OF THE LESSER DIVINITIES OF HEAVEN | [172] |
| Myths of Stars and Winds. Cephalus and Procris. Dobson's The Death of Procris. Ceyx and Halcyone. Aurora and Tithonus. Tennyson's Tithonus. Memnon. | |
| CHAPTER XII. MYTHS OF THE LESSER DIVINITIES OF EARTH, ETC. | [181] |
| Pan, and the Personification of Nature. Stedman's Pan in Wall Street. Other Lesser Gods of Earth. Echo and Narcissus. Echo, Pan, Lyde, and the Satyr. The Naiads. The Dryads, or Hamadryads. Erysichthon. Dryope. Rhœcus. Pomona and Vertumnus. The Cranes of Ibycus. | |
| CHAPTER XIII. MYTHS OF LESSER DIVINITIES OF THE WATERS | [198] |
| Galatea and Polyphemus. Glaucus and Scylla. Nisus and Scylla. Leucothea. Proteus and Aristæus. Acheloüs and Hercules. Milton's Sabrina Fair. | |
| CHAPTER XIV. MYTHS OF THE OLDER HEROES: THE HOUSE OF DANAÜS, AND ITS CONNECTIONS | [206] |
| The Older and the Younger Heroes. The Genealogy of Danaüs. The Danaïds. The Doom of King Acrisius. Perseus and Medusa. Perseus and Atlas. Perseus and Andromeda. Bellerophon and the Chimæra. Hercules (Heracles): His Youth. His Labors. His Later Exploits. The Loss of Hylas. The Rescue of Daphnis. The Expedition against Laomedon. The Death of Hercules. | |
| CHAPTER XV. THE FAMILY OF ÆOLUS | [229] |
| Descendants of Deucalion. The Quest of the Golden Fleece. The Return of the Argonauts. Medea and Æson. Pelias. | |
| CHAPTER XVI. THE FAMILY OF ÆTOLUS AND ITS CONNECTIONS | [237] |
| The Calydonian Hunt. Merope. Castor and Pollux. The Twin Brethren among the Romans. | |
| CHAPTER XVII. THE HOUSE OF MINOS | [246] |
| Minos of Crete. Dædalus and Icarus. | |
| CHAPTER XVIII. THE HOUSE OF CECROPS AND ERICHTHONIUS | [249] |
| From Cecrops to Philomela. Matthew Arnold's Philomela. Theseus. Theseus and Ariadne. Bacchus and Ariadne. The Amazons. Theseus and Pirithoüs. Phædra and Hippolytus. | |
| CHAPTER XIX. THE HOUSE OF LABDACUS | [261] |
| The Misfortunes of Thebes. Œdipus and the Sphinx. Œdipus, the King. Œdipus at Colonus. | |
| CHAPTER XX. MYTHS OF THE YOUNGER HEROES: THE SEVEN AGAINST THEBES | [265] |
| Their Exploits. The Seven against Thebes. Antigone. The Epigoni. | |
| CHAPTER XXI. HOUSES CONCERNED IN THE TROJAN WAR | [269] |
| Three Families. Peleus. Achilles, Son of Peleus. Atreus. Tyndareus. | |
| CHAPTER XXII. THE TROJAN WAR | [277] |
| Its Origin. Iphigenia in Aulis. Protesilaüs and Laodamia. Homer's Iliad. The Wrath of Achilles. The Enlistment of the Gods. Thetis intercedes for Achilles. Agamemnon calls a Council. Paris plays the Champion. Helen surveys the Grecian Host. Menelaüs defeats Paris. The Two Days' Battle. Hector and Andromache. Neptune aids the Discouraged Greeks. Jupiter inspirits the Trojans. Achilles and Patroclus. Patroclus in the Armor of Achilles. The Deaths of Sarpedon and Patroclus. The Remorse of Achilles. The Reconciliation of Agamemnon and Achilles. The Death of Hector. Achilles drags the Body of Hector. Priam in the Tent of Achilles. | |
| CHAPTER XXIII. THE FALL OF TROY | [307] |
| The Fall of Troy. The Death of Achilles. Contest for the Arms of Achilles. Paris and Œnone. The Palladium. The Wooden Horse. Laocoön and the Serpents. The Death of Priam. The Survivors. Helen, Menelaüs, and Agamemnon. Electra and Orestes. Orestes pursued by the Furies. His Purification. | |
| CHAPTER XXIV. THE WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES | [318] |
| From Troy to Phæacia. The Lotos-eaters. The Cyclopes. The Bag of Winds. The Læstrygonians. The Isle of Ææa. Ulysses visits Hades. The Sirens. Scylla and Charybdis. The Cattle of the Sun. Calypso's Island. The Land of the Phæacians. Fate of the Suitors. Tennyson's Ulysses. | |
| CHAPTER XXV. ADVENTURES OF ÆNEAS | [346] |
| From Troy to Italy. The Departure from Troy. The Promised Empire. The Harpies. Epirus. The Cyclopes Again. The Resentment of Juno. The Sojourn at Carthage. Dido. Palinurus. Italy at Last. The Sibyl of Cumæ. The Infernal Regions. The Elysian Fields. The Valley of Oblivion. | |
| CHAPTER XXVI. THE WAR BETWEEN TROJANS AND LATINS | [362] |
| The Fulfillment of Prophecy. The Gates of Janus Opened. Camilla. Alliance with Evander. The Site of Future Rome. Turnus attacks the Trojan Camp. Nisus and Euryalus. The Death of Mezentius. The Deaths of Pallas and Camilla. The Final Conflict. | |
| CHAPTER XXVII. MYTHS OF THE NORSE GODS | [373] |
| The Creation. Yggdrasil. Odin and his Valhalla. The Valkyries. Thor and the Other Gods. Loki and his Progeny. The Conflict with the Mountain Giants. The Recovery of Thor's Hammer. Thor's Visit to Jötunheim. The Sword of Freyr. The Death of Balder. The Funeral of Balder. The Elves. Ragnarok. | |
| CHAPTER XXVIII. MYTHS OF NORSE AND OLD GERMAN HEROES | [398] |
| The Saga of the Volsungs. The Lay of the Nibelungs. | |
| CHAPTER XXIX. THE RING OF THE NIBELUNG | [410] |
| Wagner's Tetralogy. The Rhine-gold. The Valkyrie. Siegfried. The Twilight of the Gods. | |
| PART II THE HISTORY OF MYTH | |
| CHAPTER XXX. THE ORIGIN AND ELEMENTS OF MYTH | [431] |
| Kinds of Myth. Divisions of Inquiry. Elements of the Myth. Reasonable Myths. Unreasonable Myths. Theory of Deterioration. Theory of Progress. | |
| CHAPTER XXXI. THE DISTRIBUTION OF MYTHS | [447] |
| Theories of Resemblance. | |
| CHAPTER XXXII. THE PRESERVATION OF MYTHS | [450] |
| Traditional History. In Greece. Roman Poets of Mythology. Records of Norse Mythology. Records of German Mythology. Records of Oriental Mythology: Egyptian. Indian Records. Persian Records. | |
| COMMENTARY | [465] |
| RULES FOR PRONUNCIATION | [541] |
| INDEX OF MYTHOLOGICAL SUBJECTS AND SOURCES | [543] |
| INDEX OF MODERN AUTHORS AND ARTISTS | [582] |