[68]. The word system has three peculiar meanings in mathematics. (A.) It means an orderly exposition of the truths of astronomy, and hence a theory of the motions of the stars; as the Ptolemaic system, the Copernican system. This is much like the sense in which we speak of the Calvinistic system of theology, the Kantian system of philosophy, etc. (B.) It means the aggregate of the planets considered as all moving in somewhat the same way, as the solar system; and hence any aggregate of particles moving under mutual forces. (C.) It means a number of forces acting simultaneously upon a number of particles.
[69]. But, in fact, an inspection of these curves is sufficient to show that they are of a higher degree than the third. For they have the line V = O, or some line V a constant for an asymptote, while for small values of P, the values of d2p/(dV)2 are positive.
[70]. Anticipated by Clausius as long ago as 1857; and by Williamson in 1851.
[71]. “Physiologically, ... accommodation means the breaking up of a habit.... Psychologically, it means reviving consciousness.” Baldwin, Psychology, Part III, ch. i., § 5.
[72]. The Monist, January, 1893.
[73]. How can a writer have any respect for science, as such, who is capable of confounding with the scientific propositions of political economy, which have nothing to say concerning what is “beneficent,” such brummagem generalisations as this?
[74]. I am happy to find that Dr. Carus, too, ranks Weismann among the opponents of Darwin, notwithstanding his flying that flag.
[75]. See Draper’s History of Intellectual Development, chap. x.
[76]. Thomson, himself, in his article Heat in the Encyclopedia Britannica, never once mentions the name of Clausius.
[77]. See article on “Pragmatism,” in Baldwin’s Dictionary, Vol. 2., p. 322, and the Monist, Vol. 15, p. 162.