3. [Pinus Lambertiana] Dougl. Sugar Pine.
Leaves stout, rigid, 3½′—4′ long, marked on the two faces by 2—6 rows of stomata; deciduous during their second and third years. Flowers: male light yellow; female pale green. Fruit fully grown in August and opening in October, 11′—18′ or rarely 21′ long; seeds ½′—⅝′ long, dark chestnut-brown or nearly black, and half the length of their firm dark brown obtuse wings broadest below the middle and ½′ wide.
A tree, in early life with remote regular whorls of slender branches often clothing the stem to the ground and forming an open narrow pyramid; at maturity 200°-220° high, with a trunk 6°—8° or occasionally 12° in diameter, a flat-topped crown frequently 60° or 70° across of comparatively slender branches sweeping outward and downward in graceful curves, and stout branchlets coated at first with pale or rufous pubescence, dark orange-brown during their first winter, becoming dark purple-brown. Bark on young stems and branches thin, smooth, dark green, becoming on old trunks 2′—3′ thick and deeply and irregularly divided into long thick plate-like ridges covered with large loose rich purple-brown or cinnamon-red scales. Wood light, soft, straight-grained, light red-brown; largely manufactured into lumber and used for the interior finish of buildings, woodwork, and shingles. A sweet sugar-like substance exudes from wounds made in the heartwood.
Distribution. Mountain slopes and the sides of ravines and cañons; western Oregon from the valley of the north branch of the Santiam River southward on the Cascade and coast ranges; California along the northern and coast ranges to Sonoma County; along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada, where it grows to its greatest size at elevations between 3000° and 7000°; reappearing on the Santa Lucia Mountains of the coast ranges; and on the high mountains in the southwestern part of the state from Santa Barbara County southward usually at elevations of 5000°—7000° above the sea; and on the San Pedro Mártir Mountains in Lower California.
Occasionally planted as an ornamental tree in western Europe and in the eastern states, the Sugar Pine has grown slowly in cultivation and shows little promise of attaining the large size and great beauty which distinguish it in its native forests.
4. [Pinus flexilis] James. Rocky Mountain White Pine.
Pinus strobiformis Sarg., not Engelm.
Leaves stout, rigid, dark green, marked on all sides by 1—4 rows of stomata, 1½′—3′ long, deciduous in their fifth and sixth years. Flowers: male reddish; female clustered, bright red-purple. Fruit subcylindric, horizontal or slightly declining, green or rarely purple at maturity, 3′—10′ long, with narrow and more or less reflexed scales opening at maturity; seeds compressed, ⅓′—½′ long, dark red-brown mottled with black, with a thick shell produced into a narrow margin, their wings about 1/12′ wide, generally persistent on the scale after the seed falls.