Class I. GYMNOSPERMÆ.
Resinous trees; stems formed of bark, wood, or pith, and increasing in diameter by the annual addition of a layer of wood inside the bark; flowers unisexual; stamens numerous; ovules and seeds 2 or many, borne on the face of a scale, not inclosed in an ovary; embryo with 2 or more cotyledons; leaves straight-veined, without stipules.
I. Pinaceæ ([p. 1]). Flowers usually monœcious; ovules 2 or several; fruit a woody cone (in Juniperus berry-like); cotyledons 2 or many; leaves needle-shaped, linear or scale-like, persistent (deciduous in Larix and Taxodium). II. Taxaceæ ([p. 90]). Flowers diœcious, axillary, solitary; ovules 1; fruit surrounded by or inclosed in the enlarged fleshy aril-like disk of the flower; cotyledons 2; leaves linear, alternate, persistent.
Class II. ANGIOSPERMÆ.
Carpels or pistils consisting of a closed cavity containing the ovules and becoming the fruit.
Division I. MONOCOTYLEDONS.
Stems with woody fibres distributed irregularly through them, but without pith or annual layers of growth; parts of the flower in 3’s; ovary superior, 3-celled; embryo with a single cotyledon; leaves parallel-veined, persistent, without stipules.
III. Palmæ ([p. 96]). Ovule solitary; fruit baccate or drupaceous, 1 or rarely 2 or 3-seeded; leaves alternate, pinnate, flabellate or orbicular, persistent. IV. Liliaceæ ([p. 110]). Ovules numerous in each cell; fruit 3-celled, capsular or baccate; leaves linear-lanceolate.
Division II. DICOTYLEDONS.
Stems formed of bark, wood, or pith, and increasing by the addition of an annual layer of wood inside the bark; parts of the flower mostly in 4’s or 5’s; embryo with a pair of opposite cotyledons; leaves netted-veined.