P. 115.—“Puy Maurin,” pwe-mō-raⁿᵍ; “Hauy,” ä-we.
NOTES ON REQUIRED READINGS IN “THE CHAUTAUQUAN.”
TEMPERANCE TEACHINGS OF SCIENCE.
[1.] “Boerhave,” bōrˈhäv, Hermann. (1668-1738.) A Dutch physician. He gave much attention to the distinction between mind and matter, and condemned the doctrines of Epicurus, Hobbes and Spinoza. He published several works on the study and practice of medicine, and held the chair of chemistry, botany, and medicine in Leyden University.
[2.] “Saracens.” The Mohammedan people who, coming from Mauritania, invaded Europe in the early part of the eighth century. In Spain they took the name of Moors. They applied to all unbelievers in Mohammedanism the name Giaours (jour) as a term of reproach.
[3.] “Lorenz Oken.” (1779-1851.) A German naturalist, and the author of several works. He was professor of medical science for a time at Jena, and editor of the celebrated periodical, The Isis, devoted to natural science. At the time of his death, he held the position of professor of natural science in Zurich, Switzerland. A statue has been erected to his honor in Jena, Germany.
[4.] “Bentham,” Jeremy. (1748-1832.) An English writer on politics and jurisprudence. In opposition to Blackstone’s views, he wrote “Fragments on Government.” His numerous literary works were more kindly received in France than in England. One of his latest works was the “Art of Packing,” that is, of arranging juries so as to obtain any verdict desired. He wrote a book on the “Defense of Usury,” showing the impolicy of placing restraints upon dealings in money.
[5.] “Benjamin Rush.” (1745-1813.) A celebrated American physician, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. During the ravages of the yellow fever, in 1793, he distinguished himself by rendering extraordinary services, and his history of that epidemic is a valuable work.