GORA (Sclav.),
Ὁρος (Grk.),
a mountain or hill; e.g. Goritz, Ger. Goïs (the town on the hill), in Hungary, in a province of the same name; Gorlitz (behind the hill), called also Sgoretz; Gorigk, Ger. Bergheide (hilly heath); Gorgast (hill inn), gosta corrupt. into gast; Podgorze, Podgorach, Podgoriza, Poschgorize (near the hill). This word sometimes takes the form of hora, as in Zahora, in Turkey (behind the hill); Czernahora (the black hill).
GORT (Gadhelic),
a field, cognate with the Lat. hortus and Span. huerta, and the Teut. garth—v. p. 87; e.g. Huerta-del-rey (the king’s orchard), in Spain.
GRAB (Sclav.),
the red beech; e.g. Grabkow, Grabitz, Grabig, Grabow (the place of red beeches); Grabin, Ger. Finsterwalde (the place of red beeches or the dark wood).
GRABEN (Ger.),
GRAB, GRAEF (A.S.),
a grave or trench, from graben, grafan (to dig); e.g. Mühlgraben (the mill trench or dam); Vloedgraben (the trench for the flood); Schutzgraben (the moat of the defence); Grafton and Graffham (the moated town); Gravesend (the town at the end of the moat); Bischofsgraef (the bishop’s trench). In Ireland the prefix graf is applied to lands that have been grubbed up with a kind of axe called a grafan—hence such names as Graffan, Graffin, Graffee, Graffy.
GRAF, GRAAF (Teut. and Scand.),
a count or earl; e.g. Graffenau, Graffenberg, Grafenschlag, Grafenstein (the meadow, hill, wood-clearing, and rock of the count); Grafenworth and Grafenhain (the count’s enclosure or farm); Grafenthal (the count’s valley); Grafenbrück (the count’s bridge); Grafenmühle (the count’s mill); Gravelines, in Flanders, anc. Graveninghem (the count’s domain). In Sclavonic names, Grabik, Grabink, Grobitz, Hrabowa, Hrabaschin (the count’s town); Grobinow (count’s town), Germanised into Kroppstadt.