GRANGE (Fr. and Scot.),
a farm or storehouse for grain, from the Lat. granaria, cognate with the Gadhelic grainnseach, Low Lat. grangia; e.g. Grange, a parish and village in Banffshire; Les Granges (the granaries); La Neuve Grange (the new farm), in France; La Granja, in Spain; Grangegeeth (the windy farm), in Ireland. From the same root such names in Ireland as Granagh, Granaghan (places producing grain).
GRENZE (Ger.),
GRAN (Sclav.),
the boundary or corner; e.g. Grenzhausen (the dwellings on the boundary); Banai-Militar Granze (the border territory under the government of a military officer called The Ban); Gransee (the corner lake); Graniz, Granowo (boundary towns), in Hungary; Gran, a town in Hungary, in a province of the same name through which the R. Gran flows.
GRIAN (Gadhelic),
the sun; e.g. Greenock, either from grianach (sunny) or the knoll, cnoc (of the sun); Greenan, Greenane, Greenawn, and Grennan (literally, a sunny spot), translated by the Irish Latin-writers solarium; but as it occurs in topographical names in Ireland, it is used as another name for a royal palace; Grenanstown, in Co. Tipperary, is a sort of translation of its ancient name Baile-an-ghrianain (the town of the palace); Greenan-Ely (the palace of the circular stone fortress, aileach); Tullagreen (the hill of the sun); Monagreany (sunny bog).
GRIES (Ger.),
sand or gravel; e.g. Griesbach (sandy brook); Griesau, Griesthal (sandy valley); Grieshaim (sandy dwelling); Grieswang (sandy field); Griesberg (sand hill); Grieskirchen (the church on the sandy land). Gressius and Gresum in bas Lat. have the same meaning, and have given names to such places in France as Les Grès, Grèses, Les Gresillons, La Gressée, La Grezille, etc.
GROD, GOROD, GRAD (Sclav.),
HRAD (Turc.),
a fortified town; e.g. Belgrade and Belgorod (white fortress); Ekateringrad and Elizabethgrad (the fortified town of the Empress Catharine and Elizabeth); Zaregorod (the fortress of the Czar or Emperor); Novgorod (new fortress); Paulograd and Ivanograd (the fortress of Paul or Ivan, i.e. John); Gratz, Gradiska, Gradizsk, Gradentz, Grodek, Grodno, Grodzizk (the fortified towns), in Poland and Russia; Hradeck and Hradisch, with the same meaning, in Bohemia.