[4] Literally, "one who faces south"—the customary position for royalty enthroned.
[5] The reigning duke, who had succeeded his grandfather and was now opposing his father's attempts to return from exile and secure the throne. See [p. 43].
[7] The disciple Yen Hui.
[8] Believed to constitute the boundaries of the habitable earth, like Homer's Ocean-river. Hence the phrase is used as a synonym for the Chinese Empire.
[9] A minister in the Wei State.
[10] A proverb.
[11] A rebuke to the Prince for his greed in a time of distress.
[12] Each pedagogue has seized only one side of the truth. We need not reject any of our fellow-men, and yet show discrimination in the choice of our associates. See the first saying on [p. 53], where Confucius, clearer-headed than his disciples, puts the matter in a nutshell.