[288] Juan de Velasco, Histoire du Royaume de Quito, pp. 11-21, sq. (Ed. Ternaux-Compans, Paris, 1840.) But Cieza de Leon’s expressions imply the existence of the matriarchal system among them. See Markham’s translation, p. 83, note. Some claim that the Quitus were a different, and, in their locality, a more ancient tribe than the Caras.
[289] Relaciones Geograficas de Indias. Peru. Tom. I., p. 19. (Madrid, 1881.)
[290] In Le Tour du Monde, 1883, p. 406. The word Yumbo appears to be derived from the Paez yombo, river, and was applied to the down-stream Indians.
[291] “Casi tal come lo enseñaron los conquistadores.” Manuel Villavicencio, Geografia de la Republica del Ecuador, pp. 168, 354, 413, etc. (New York, 1858.) According to Dr. Middendorf, the limit of the Incarial power (which, however, is not identical in this region with that of the Kechua tongue), was the Blue river, the Rio Ancasmayu, an affluent of the upper Patia. (Ollanta, Einleitung, s. 5. Berlin, 1890.)
[292] Mr. C. Buckley, “Notes on the Macas Indians of Ecuador,” in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1874, pp. 29, sqq.
[293] References in Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvölker, Bd. III., s. 492.
[294] Arte de la Lengua Chilena, Introd. (Lima, 1606).
[295] Paul Topinard, in Revue d’Anthropologie, Tome IV., pp. 65-67.
[296] Lucien Carr, Fourth Report of the Peabody Museum of Archæology.
[297] I would especially refer to the admirable analysis of the Peruvian governmental system by Dr. Gustav Brühl, Die Culturvölker Alt-Amerikas, p. 335, sqq. (Cincinnati, 1887.) I regret that the learned Kechuist, Dr. E. W. Middendorf, had not studied this book before he prepared his edition of the Ollanta drama (Berlin, 1890), or he would have modified many of the statements in its Einleitung.