[416] The subject is fully discussed from long personal observation by Michelena y Rojas, Exploracion Oficial de la America del Sur, p. 346.
[417] See the observations of Level in Michelena y Rojas, Exploracion Oficial de la America del Sur, p. 148, sq. The Guaraunos are also well described by Crévaux, Voyages dans l’Amérique du Sud, p. 600, sqq. (Paris, 1883), and J. Chaffanjon, Archives de la Société Américaine de France, 1887, p. 189. Im Thurn draws a very unfavorable picture of them in his Indians of British Guiana, p. 167.
[418] A. Von Humboldt, Personal Narrative, Vol. III., p. 216 (Eng. trans. London, 1826).
[419] Joseph Gumilla, L’Orinoco Ilustrado, Tom. II., p. 66. They spoke Carib to him, but that was the lengua general of the lower river.
[420] A description of the Correguages and a vocabulary of their dialect are given by the Presbyter Manuel M. Albis, in Bulletin of the Amer. Ethnol. Soc., Vol. I., p. 55.
[421] Arthur Simpson, Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador, p. 196 (London, 1886). In his appendix the author gives a vocabulary of the Pioje (and also one of the Zaparo).
[422] Printed in the Bibliothèque Linguistique Américaine, by M. L. Adam, Tome VIII., p. 52.
[423] Manuel P. Albis, in Bull. of the Amer. Ethnol. Society, Vol. I., p. 55.
[424] See the account in the interesting work of Father Cassani, Historia de la Provincia de la Compañia de Jesus del Nuevo Reyno de Granada, pp. 231, 232, 257, etc. (Madrid, 1741). He describes the Jiraras as having the same rites, customs and language as the Airicos on the river Ele, p. 96. Gumilla makes the following doubtful statement: “De la lengua Betoya y Jirara, que aunque esta gasta pocas erres, y aquella demasiadas, ambas quieren ser matrices, se derivan las lenguas Situfa, Ayrica, Ele, Luculia, Jabue, Arauca, Quilifay, Anaboli, Lolaca, y Atabaca.” (El Orinoco Ilustrado y Defendido, Tom. II., p. 38, Madrid, 1745.)
[425] Felipe Perez, Geografia del Estado de Cundinamarca, p. 113.