[224] Curtze, loc. cit., p. VI.
[225] Rara Mathematica, London, 1841, chap, i, "Joannis de Sacro-Bosco Tractatus de Arte Numerandi."
[226] Smith, Rara Arithmetica, Boston, 1909.
[227] In the 1484 edition, Borghi uses the form "çefiro: ouero nulla:" while in the 1488 edition he uses "zefiro: ouero nulla," and in the 1540 edition, f. 3, appears "Chiamata zero, ouero nulla." Woepcke asserted that it first appeared in Calandri (1491) in this sentence: "Sono dieci le figure con le quali ciascuno numero si può significare: delle quali n'è una che si chiama zero: et per se sola nulla significa." (f. 4). [See Propagation, p. 522.]
[228] Boncompagni Bulletino, Vol. XVI, pp. 673-685.
[229] Leo Jordan, loc. cit. In the Catalogue of MSS., Bibl. de l'Arsenal, Vol. III, pp. 154-156, this work is No. 2904 (184 S.A.F.), Bibl. Nat., and is also called Petit traicté de algorisme.
[230] Texada (1546) says that there are "nueue letros yvn zero o cifra" (f. 3).
[231] Savonne (1563, 1751 ed., f. 1): "Vne ansi formee (o) qui s'appelle nulle, & entre marchans zero," showing the influence of Italian names on French mercantile customs. Trenchant (Lyons, 1566, 1578 ed., p. 12) also says: "La derniere qui s'apele nulle, ou zero;" but Champenois, his contemporary, writing in Paris in 1577 (although the work was not published until 1578), uses "cipher," the Italian influence showing itself less in this center of university culture than in the commercial atmosphere of Lyons.
[232] Thus Radulph of Laon (c. 1100): "Inscribitur in ultimo ordine et figura
