[46] A contrary statement is made by Messrs. Irvin and Hamilton in Schoolcraft’s History of the Indian Tribes, Vol. III, page 260, (1853), wherein the Iowa are mentioned as being “but a remnant of a once numerous and considerable nation.” Estimates as follows given as a total—in 1764 (Bouquet) 1100; 1804 (Lewis & Clark) 800; 1822 (Morse) 1000; 1829 (Sec. of War) 1000; 1832 (Drake) 1100; 1843 (Report Indian Affairs) 470; and the Donaldson Report (11th Census, taken from Jackson catalog of photographs, etc., Washington, 1877) 1894, states that their number reached 1500 early in the 19th century. Catlin conjectures 1400 in 1832 and 992 in 1836. The total remnant of the tribe in 1905 was 314; in 1908, 339, these figures being from official sources.
[47] Writing in 1876, the author seems unfamiliar with Pere André’s reference to the tribe in 1676, and quotes from Le Sueur who knew this band first in 1700.
[48] The present spelling of the name was first used by Lieut. Albert M. Lea in his Notes on the Wisconsin Territory, 1836, wherein he referred to the country west of the Mississippi as the “Ioway District”, suggested by the Ioway river. This point will be brought out fully in the new edition of Lea’s Notes now in preparation by the Ioway Club, edited by L. A. Brewer.
[49] The tribe has long since been divided and now occupies lands in the Potawatomi and Great Nemaha Agency in Kansas and the Sauk and Fox Agency in Oklahoma. See Kappler. Laws and Treaties, 2 vols., Washington, 1903.
[50] Benard de la Harpe, a French officer who came to Louisiana in 1718. His Narrative of Le Sueur’s Expedition is included by French in his Hist. Coll. of Louisiana, Part III, page 19 et seq., and is also given by Shea, Early Voyages Up and Down the Mississippi, Albany, 1861, reprint, 1908. For a lengthy bibliographical note of this work, see A. McF. Davis in Winsor’s Narrative and Critical History, Vol. V, page 63.
[51] Pierre Charles le Sueur, a French geologist, member of Iberville’s Expedition of 1698, and sent primarily to report on the “green earth” (copper mines), known to him through previous researches in 1695.
[52] At the best information concerning the expedition of Le Sueur is scant. The most important source is the work of one Penicaut, Perricaut or Perricault (see A. McF. Davis in Winsor’s Narrative and Critical History, Vol. V, page 71), a carpenter who accompanied the Iberville party from France in 1698 and remained in Louisiana until 1781. The most complete form in which we are able to read the Journal is in Margry’s Découvertes et Etablissements des Francais dans l’Ouest et dans le Sud de l’Amerique Septentrionale, Vol. V, page 319 et seq. Penicaut’s Annals of Louisiana (1698-1722) are translated in their entirety in French’s Hist. Coll. of Louisiana, New Series, Vol. I, but this translation must be read with caution as French was not the most careful of translators.
[53] In a communication from Mr. W. H. Holmes, former Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, with reference to the Penicaut manuscript, he states that no translation from this source has been made and that French (Hist. Coll.) is unreliable. For the printed form, in the French language, Margry’s Decouvertes (ETC.), Vol. V, is the authority.
[54] Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix, a French traveller, born October 29, 1682, at St. Quentin, died, 1761. His most important work of American interest bears the following title: Histoire et Description Generale de la Nouvelle France, Avec le Journal Historique d’un Voyage Fait Par Ordre Du Roi Dans L’Amerique Septentrionale. Paris, 1744. Several editions of the work, in three and six volumes respectively, were issued in Paris during this year. Journal d’un Voyage (ETC.), usually forms the last volume, with a separate title page. During 1761 this portion was published in English in London, two volumes, but it was not until 1865-72 that the Histoire proper was translated, and at that time by J. G. Shea (New York, 6 vols.). Foster is obviously in error as to the date mentioned (1722). Charlevoix’s work was not ready for publication at that time, though he had no doubt finished it in 1724, at which date he issued simultaneously, the Journal which was addressed to the Duchess de Lesdiguières. Some partial reprints of Charlevoix do not contain the linguistic portions.
[55] Here the writer no doubt refers to the mutilated and meretricious issue of the Lewis and Clark Journals, published by William Fisher of Baltimore during 1812. As a contribution to the literature of the subject, the volume is entirely devoid of worth and statements concerning linguistics or events have little value. Coues, in his edition of the Lewis and Clark Travels, gives full details of this publication. See also the present writer’s Bibliography of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Literary Collector, March, 1902. In Thwaites’ edition of the Original Journals of Lewis and Clark, 1904, (Vol. I, page 45), Ayauway is noted, as an early form of spelling.