The particle ato means 'behind' and governs the genitive; e.g., sonata no ato cara mairǒ 'I shall come after you' that is to say 'I shall follow you.'
The particle vaqi means 'near' and governs the genitive; e.g., Pedro no vaqi 'near Peter,' misa no vaqi 'the mass is ended,' cono vaqi 'in the last few days.' All of these adverbs require after them the cases that are required by the verb which follows.
Adverbs of Interrogation and Response[[146]]
There are many ways to ask 'why?' or 'for what reason[?]'; e.g., najeni[?], najoni[?], nani xini?, nani tote ca?, nani no iuie ni?, nanto xita coto ni?, nani no xisai ni iotte?. The question 'how?' is said; nanto xite?, nanto iǒ ni[?], icani to xite? The answer is 'because' or 'for the reason that'; e.g., sono iuie va, najeni to iúni. 'Because' is also said; tocoro de, fodo ni, ni iotte, or sacai ni. The first expresses (52 the greatest degree of causality, the second not so much, and the third the least.
Uie va means 'since (cum or si quidem)'; e.g., toganai uie va qizzucai ga nai (40v)[[147]] 'I am not afraid because I have no fault.' The same meaning is achieved by the particle cara; e.g., caiǒ ni iro vo misuru cara va; cacusu coto va iranu 'since you have thus shown your feelings (iro), you can't hide them.' 'Since (si quidem)' means approximately the same as toqi va and xicaru toqi va. Sari nagara means 'but,' sari tote va means 'until,' saru tote va means 'since the thing is this way,' saru tote va, qicoienu coto gia 'since it is so, it is unbearable.'
Adverbs of Time[[148]]
One asks 'when' with itçu or itçugoro. One asks 'from what day' with icca saqi or icca maie, 'from what month' with icutçuqi saqi, and 'from what year' with nannen maie. Usually ni is added when it is required by the verb, and the interrogatives ca or zo are always put at the end of the sentence, with zo preferred.
One answers 'now' with ima or tada ima, and 'already' with mǒ, e.g., mǒ iqe 'be already gone!' 'Sometimes' is said with toqi ni iotte or jibun ni iotte. 'Afterwards' is nochi. Sore cara or sore iori means 'after that,' core cara or core iori means 'after this,' and are iori or are cara means 'after that.' 'Immediately' is said with iagate. 'Afterwards' or 'again' is ima iori nochi, ima iori xite va, or ima iori igo. 'This morning' is said with qesa. Connichi or qio [qiô] is 'today,' and asu or miônichi [miónichi][[149]] is 'tomorrow.' 'Tomorrow morning' is asa, axitatô, or
asatocu, and 'tomorrow night' is mionia [miǒia]. 'Before' is ijen or saqi ni. 'Yesterday' is qinô or sacujit. 'The day before yesterday' is vototoi or futçuca saqi ni. 'Several days in the past' is cono giǔ. Cono fodo and xenjit have the same meaning, as does xendo. Condo means 'several days in the future.' 'The day after tomorrow' is asatte or miógonichi. 'Three days hence' is xiasatte or miómiógonichi. Qiônen [Qionen] or cozo means 'last year.' 'This year' is cotoxi. 'Two years ago' is vototoxi or votodoxi. 'Three years ago' is sanuruvotodoxi [sannuru votodoxi].[[150]] 'Immediately' is tachimaqi [tachimachi] (53 or socuij ni [socuji ni]. Sunavachi is also 'immediately.' Tanteqi is 'in a moment.'