Myths of Babylonia and Assyria

by Donald A. Mackenzie

Ma, the goddess, serpent form of, [76]; Tiamat and, [150]; goddess of Comana, [267]. Magic and poetry, [236] et seq. Magician, the great, Ea as, [38]. Magyars, language of and the Sumerian, [3]. Mahabharata, the (măhä´bha´´rătă), [67], [68]; the various Indras in, [101]; Karna myth in, [126]; eagle myth, [166]; Bhima like Gilgamesh in, [187]; Naturalism and Totemism in, [291], [292], [293]; the "wheel of life" in, [346]-[347] ; the Shakuntala legend in, [423], [424]. Mama (mä´mä), the mother goddess, [57], [267]; as Creatrix, [100]. Man, creation of, [38]; Ea desired, [148]; Merodach sheds blood for, [148]; Berosus legend, [148], [149], [150]. Man bull, the winged, [65]. Manasseh, King of Judah, idolatries of, [473]; legend of Isaiah's end, [474]; captivity of, [474]; Ashur-bani-pal and, [486]. Manishtusu (män-ish-tü´sü), successor of Sargon I, empire of, [127]. Mannai (män´nai), state of, [473], [486]. Manu (măn´oo), the Indian patriarch, like Babylonian Noah, [27]; the fish and flood myth, [27], [28], [196]. Mara (mä´ra), the European demon of nightmare, [69]. Marduk (mär´duk). See Merodach. Marduk-balatsu-ikbi (mar´duk-bal´atsü-ik-bi), King of Babylonia, defeat of by Shamshi-Adad VII, [415], [416]. Marduk-bel-usate (mar´duk-bel-ü-sä´te), revolt of in Babylonia, [408], [409]. Marduk-zakir-shum (mar´duk-zä-kir´shüm), King of Babylonia, [408]; a vassal of Assyria, [409]. Mari (mä´ri), king of Damascus, as the Biblical Ben Hadad III, [438], [439]. Marriage contracts, in Hammurabi code, [225] et seq. Marriage market of Babylon, the, [224], [225]. Marriage of deities, the Hittite, [268]. Mars, Horus as, [300], [304]; month of, [305]; as "bronze fish stone", [314]; the Gaulish mule god as, [316]; in astrology, [318]. Mars, Nergal, wolf planet of pestilence, as, [301], [303], [316]. Mars, the planet, boar slayer of Adonis as, [87]; in sun and moon group, [301]. Maruts (măr´oots), the Indian, like Anu's demons, [34], [64]. Mashi (mä´shi), the mountain of, in Gilgamesh epic, [177], [178]. Maspero, Professor, on antiquity of Hittites, [264]; on Assyrian colonists, [456]. "Masters, the", Buriat earth and air spirits, [105]. Mati-ilu (ma´ti-i´lü), of Agusi, relations of with Assyria and Urartu, [443], [446], [447]; overthrow of by Tiglath-pileser IV. Mattiuza (mat-ti-ü´za), King of Mitanni, flight of, [283]; as Hittite vassal, [284]. May Day, fire ceremonies of, [50]. Mead, of the gods, [45]; blood as, [48]; eagle steals, [74]. Measurer, the, moon as, [52]. Medes, III; in Hammurabi Age, [244]; Sargon II and, [460]; Ashur-bani-pal and, [486]; and fall of Nineveh, [488]; Scythians and, [472], [488]; alliance of with Lydia, [494]; Cyrus as King of, [493]. Mediterranean Race, the, Basques a variation of, [3]; Sumerians and proto-Egyptians of, [7], [8]; Cretans of, [8]; Ripley traces in Asia, [8], [9], [11]; in Africa and Europe, [9]; "cradle" of, [39]; Tammuz-Adonis myth and, [85]; mother worship and status of women in, [104], [105], [108], [420] et seq.; in Hittite confederacy, [266]; the Biblical Cushites and Hamites and, [276]. Medusa, Tiamat and, [159]. Meg, Long. See Long Meg. Melkarth (mel´kärth), children sacrificed to, [171]; Hercules and, [348]; burning of, [349]. Memphis (mem´phis), Assyrians fight Ethiopians at, [475], [483]. Men, in worship of mother goddess, [107], [108]. Menahem (men´ä-hem), King of Israel, pays tribute to Assyria, [449]. Meneptah (men-ē´tä or men´e-tä), King of Egypt, relations of with Hittites, [378]; sea raiders defeated by, [378], [379]. Menuas (men´ü-äs), King of Urartu, [440]; conquests of, [441]. Mercury, the planet; in sun and moon group, [301]; Nebo as, [301], [302]; month of, [305]; the "face voice of light", [314]; "lapis lazuli" star, [314]; the Gaulish boar god as, [316], [317]; in astrology, [318]. Mermaids, the Babylonian, [34]. Mermer (mer´mer), a name of Nebo and Ramman, [303]. Merodach (mer´ō-dach), the god: creation of mankind, [xxix], [148]; Damkina and, [34]; Enlil as older Bel than, [35]; Ea and, [38]; water of life belief, [44]; Nusku as messenger of, [50]; in demon war, [77]; brothers and sister of, [82]; Zamama of Kish and, [126]; rise of, [134]; Anshar's appeal to in Creation legend, [142]; the avenger, [143]; proclaimed king of the gods, [144]; weapons and steeds of, [145]; Tiamat slain, and brood of captured by, [146]; eats "Ku-pu" of Tiamat, [147], [147] n., [153]; forms earth and sky, [147], [328]; creates stars of Zodiac, [147]; lunar and solar decrees of, [148]; other deities and, [34], [35], [38], [149], [158], [159], [298], [299], [303], [316], [336], [337], [348], [354], [420]; hymn to, [149], [150], [161]; as Tammuz, [158]; Osiris and, [159], [298], [354]; Perseus and, [159]; Nimrod and, [167], [277], [343]; temple of, [221]; Hammurabi Age kings and, [241]-[242] , [252]; Hittites carry off image of, [261], [262], [269], [272]; Kassites and, [272], [274], [372]; complex character of, [298], [299]; stars of, [296], [299], [300], [305]; Jupiter form of as sun ghost, [305]; Nebo and, [303], [435]; month of, [305]; goddesses and, [221], [299], [316], [420]; world hill and, [332]; as "high head", [334]; Ashur and, [336], [337], [348], [354]; image at Asshur, [468], [469]; restoration of, [481], [482]; ceremony of "taking hands" of, [480], [481]; Cyrus and, [493], [495]; Ahura Mazda and, [496]; Darius I and, [497]; Xerxes pillages temple of, [497]; Alexander the Great and, [497]; late worship of, [498]. Merodach Baladan (mer´o-dach bal´adan), King of Babylon, [457]; second reign of, [465]; death of, [468]; sons of and Esarhaddon, [471]. Mesopotamia, present-day racial types in, [8]; Assyria and Babylonia struggle to control, [286], [381], [382], [384]; under Kassites, [358], [360], [361]; atrocities of Ashur-natsir-pal III in, [397]. Messenger of gods, Sumerian Nusku and India Agni as, [50]; Papsukel as, [97]; Gaga as, [143]. Metals, the northern Mesopotamia, [25]. Mexico, the terrible mother ghost of, [69]. Meyer, Professor Kuno, [101], [102]. Micah, the prophet, [405], [406]. Mice, the golden, Dagon offering of, [32], [33]; gods as, [41]; as destroyers of Sennacherib's army, [466]. Midas (mī´das), King of Phrygia, Sargon II and, [460], [462]. Migrations, earliest from Arabia and Asia Minor, [10], [11], [12]; the Canaanitic or Amorite, [217]; Median and Iranian, [244]; the Phoenician, [244], [245]; of Abraham and Lot, [245], [246]; of Hittites to Palestine, [246]; prehistoric pottery evidence of, [263]; cults and, [338]; Aramaean, [359], [360], [376]-[378] ; Achaean, [376]-[378] ; the Moslem, [377]; the "Bedouin peril", [392]; effects of on old empires, [393]. Milky Way, the, [309]. Millet, husks of in Egyptian pre-Dynastic bodies, [6]. Minerva, Neith and, [337]. Mitanni (mitän´ni), Mitra, Indra, &c, gods of, [55], [269]; rise of kingdom of, [268]; Kurds descendants of people of, [270]; Egypt and, [270], [271], [279], [282], [358], [359]; Kassites and Hyksos and, [270], [271], [273]; Assyria subject to, [270], [279]; Merodach's image in, [272]; in Tell-el-Amarna letters, [281]; conquered by Hittites, [283], [284]; cultural influence of, [316]; Assyria occupies, [367]. Mithra (mith´rä), the Persian god; attributes of, [54], [55]; Sumerian gods and, [55], [56]; eagle as, [168], [169]; Ashur and, [338]; Cambyses sacrifices Apis bull to, [495]. Mitra (mit´ră), Aryo-Indian god, Shamash and, [54]; association of with rain, [55]; Sumerians and, [55], [56]; identified with Yama, [56], [201]; links with Agni and Tammuz, [94]; in Mitanni, [55], [269]. Moab, Judah and, [402]. Mohammed, spitting custom of, [46]. Moisture of life, gods and, [45]. Moloch, the god, fire ceremony and, [50]; children sacrificed to, [171]. Money, spat on to ensure increase, [47]. Mongolians, the, Sumerians unlike, [3],4; elves of, [105]; Hittites and, [265], [266]. Monotheism, in Creation legend, [149]; Babylonia, [160], [161]. Mons Meg, [156]. Moon, the, water worship and worship of. [45],51; Nannar (Sin), god of, [40]; origin of in sea fire, [50], [51]; as source of fertility and growth, [52]; consort and family of, [53]; Mitra and Varuna as regulators of, [54]; goblet of, [75]; in demon war, [76]; devoured by pig demon, [85]; god of as father of Isis, [100]; bi-sexual deity of, [161], [299], [301]; as a planet, [301]; forms of god of, [297], [298]; Venus and, [314]; in astrology, [318]; the "four quarters of", [323], [324].-See Nannar and Sin. Moon goddess, the, [53]. Moses, in Koran water of life story, [186]. Mother, the Great, agriculturists and, [xxx]; as source of food supply, [xxxii]; destroying goddesses as, [57]; Tiamat as, [64], [106], [140], [157]; the serpent as, [74]-[76] ; the Gaelic Hag as, [87]; Ishtar as, [100], [157]; Nut of Egypt as, [100], [106]; the Aryo-Indian Sri-Lakshmi as, [101]; lovers of die yearly, [101] et seq.) human sacrifices to, [104]; worship of in Jerusalem, [106]; women as offerers to, [106]-[108] ; Kish queen and, [114]; Lagash form of, [116]; lions, deer, and wild goats of, [120]; at creation of mankind, [148]; as star Sirius, [296]; Semiramis legend and, [436], [437]. See Mother Worship. Mother demons, in Sumerian and Anglo-Scottish folk tales, [153]; Neolithic origin of, [156]. Mother ghost, the terrible, in Western Asia, India, and Mexico, [69]; Buriats plead with, [69], [70]. "Mother of Mendes", the, Egyptian fish and corn deity, [29]; Nina and, [117]. "Mother right", Hittites and, [418]; Darius I succeeds through, [496]. Mother worship, in Mediterranean racial areas, [104], [105]; in Semiramis Age, [417] et seq.; Queen Tiy and, [434] > goddesses as mother, wife, and daughter of god, [436]; Sargon II and, [463]; Esarhaddon and, [471]; Ashur-bani-pal and, [486]; Artaxerxes promotes, [497]. Mothers, the twin, Isis and Nepthys as, [99]. Moulton, Professor, on Indian conception of conscience, [54]; on Mithraism, [201]. Mountain gods, Enlil and the, [35]. "Mountain of the West", Olympus as, [332]; temples as symbols of, [332]. Mountains, as totems, [291], [292]. Mouse, god as a, [296]. Mulla, Gaulish mule god, as Mars, [316]. Mulla (mül´la), the "Will-o'-the-wisp", [66] et seq. Müller, Max, on lunar chronology, [312]. Mummu (müm´mü), plots with Apsu and Tiamat, [139], [140]; overcome by Ea, [140], [142]. Mummu-Tiamat, or Tiawath. See Tiamat, Mursil (mür´sil), King of Hittites, [364]; conquests of Egypt, [364]. Music, magical origin of, [238]. Muski (moosh´kee), overlords of Hittites, [380]; Hittites freed from yoke of, [386]; Thraco-Phrygian kingdom of, [395]; Assyrians fight with, [397]; the Biblical Meshech, [464]. Müt, Egyptian cult of, [105], [418]; Aton and, [419]. Mutallu (mü´täl´lü), Hittite king, wars of with Rameses II, [365], [366]. Mysticism, the "lord of many existences", [297], [299]; Osiris as father, husband, son, &c., [297]; Babylonian and Egyptian, [297], [298]; forms of Horus, [300], [304]; "world soul" conception, [304]; father and son gods identical, [304], [305]; Anshar and Anu and "self power", [328]; Ashur and Brahma, [328].

N

Nabonidus (na-bo´nid-us), King of Babylonia, religious innovations of, [492], [493]; relations with Cyrus, [494], [495]. Näbo-pol-äs´sar, King of Babylon, [487]; alliance of with Medes, [488]; fall of Nineveh, [488]; Cyaxares the ally of, [493]. Nabu (nä´bü). See Nebo. Nabu-aplu-iddin (na´bu-ap-lu-id´din), King of Babylon, [408]. Nabu-na´id, King of Babylonia. See Nabonidus. Nadab (na´dab), King of Israel, [403]. Nahum, the doom of Nineveh, [477], [478], [488]. Naki´a, queen mother of Esarhaddon, [470]; reigns in absence of Esarhaddon, [472]; coronation of Ashur-bani-pal, [480]. Namtar (näm´tar), demon of disease, smites Ishtar in Hades, [97]. Nana (nä´nä), goddess of Erech, [124], [125]; statue of 1635 years in Elam, [485]. Nannar (nän´nar), moon god, origin of name of, [52]; consort and children of, [53]; as father of Isis, [100]; as a bisexual deity, [161], [299]; cult of in Kish, [241]; as bull of heaven, [334]; Ishtar and, [436]. See Moon and Sin. Naram-Sin (nä´ram-sin), King of Akkad, famous stele of, [128]; great empire of, [129]; pigtails worn by enemies of, [265]. Naturalism, [xxxiii]; the conception of "self power", [291]; Sumerian and Indian beliefs, [291], [292], [304], [328], [329]; Totemism and, [293] et seq.; various co-existing forms of deities, [297]. Navigation, Sumerians and, [2]. Nebo (nā´bo), protector of Ashur-bani-pal's library, [xxii], [xxiii], [303]; as Mercury, the messenger, [302]; Merodach and Ea and, [303], [435], [436]; as Mermer-Ramman, [303]; month of, [305]; Semiramis inscription, [419], [422]; mother worship and, [434]; spouse of, [436]; small Kalkhi temple of, [487]. Nebuchadrezzar I (ne-bü-chad-rez´zar) of Babylonia, [380]; conquests of, [381]; power of, [382]. Nebuchadrezzar II, Hanging Gardens of, [220], [489]; fiery furnace of, [349]; monotheistic hymn of, [479]; Egyptians routed by, [489]; King of Judah captured by, [490]; takes Jews captive, [491], [492]. Necho, the Pharaoh, Asiatic campaigns of, [489]; rout of by Nebuchadrezzar, [489], [490]. Necho of Sais, Assyrian governor in Egypt, [475]; Ashur-bani-pal and, [482]; slain by Ethiopians, [483]. Neheb-Kau (ne´heb-kä´ü), Egyptian serpent goddess, [150]. Nehemiah in the Susan palace, III; restoration of Jews, [496]. Neith, Egyptian cult of, [105]; her arrows of fertility, [337]; "shuttle" of a thunderbolt, [337] n. Neolithic Age. See Stone Age, the Late. Neolithic folk tales, [156]. Nepthys (nep´thys) mourning for Osiris, [83]; laments with Isis for Osiris, [99]; as joint mother of Osiris, [99]; as serpent goddess, [150]. Neptune, connection of with Ea, Dagon, &c, [33]; the horn of, [238]. Nereids (nē´rē-ids), the, [33]; the Babylonian, [34]; as demon lovers, [68]. Nergal (ner´gäl), solar god of disease, [53]; as King of Hades, [53], [54]; Yama and, [56]; as Destroyer, [62], [63], [303]; like Teutonic Bell, [95]; as form of Merodach, [160]; conflict with Eresh-ki-gal, [205]; as planet Mars, [303]; Horus and Ares and, [304]; like Agni, [304]; Osiris and Tammuz and, [304]; month of, [305]; as "high head", [334]; worship of in Samaria, [455]. Nergal-shar-utsur (ü´tsür), King of Babylonia, [492]. Nidaba (ni´da-ba), goddess of Lugal-zaggisi, [124]. Nightmare, Babylonian demon of, [68], [69]. Nimrod, eagle myth regarding, [167]; agricultural myth of, [170]; John Barleycorn and, [170], [170]n.; the Biblical "mighty hunter", [276]; as Ni-Marad (Merodach), [277], [343]; the fires of, [350]; Asshur and, [354]. Nimrud. See Kalkhi. Nina (ni´na), the fish goddess, Ishtar as, [100]; at Lagash, [117], [118], [327]; Derceto and Atargatis and, [277]; goddess of Nineveh, [327], [423]; creatrix and, [437]; Persian Anahita and, [496]. Nineveh, excavations at, [xix]; called after Nina, fish goddess, [100], [423]; King Ninus and, [424]; Biblical reference to origin of, [276], [277]; Semiramis legend of origin of, [277]; plundered by King of Mitanni, [280]; observatory at, [321]; Ashur and, [354]; palace of Ashur-natsir-pal III at, [399]; Ionians deported from Cilicia to, [464]; as Babylon's rival, [469]; Esarhaddon's Ashur temple at, [476]; Nahum's prophecy, [477], [478]; Ashur-bani-pal's palace and library at, [487]; fall of, [488]; Scythian legend, [488]. Nin-Girsu (nin-gir´su), the god of Lagash, Ninip and Tammuz and, [53], [115], [116], [333]; Ur-Nina and, [117], [118]; Urukagina, the reformer, and, [121] et seq.; famous silver vase from temple of, [120]; lion-headed eagle of, [120]; Gudea's temple to, [130]; Shamash and Babbar and, [132]; development of, [135]; eagle of, [168]; Merodach and Zamama and, [126], [241]. Ninip (nin´ip, or Nin´ib), as Nirig and destroying sun, [53]; Zamama identified with, [126]; during Isin Dynasty, [132]; in flood legend, [190] et seq.; father and son myth, [158], [302]; as bull god and boar god, [302], [334]; month of, [305]; the boar and, [315]; as Kronos and Saturn, as elder and younger Horus, [316]. Nin´-shach, Babylonian boar god, [86]. Nin´-sun, as destroying goddess, [57], [100]. Nin´tü, the Babylonian serpent mother, [76]; Tiamat and, [150]. Ninus, king, legendary founder of Nineveh, [277], [424]; Semiramis and, [424], [425]. Nin´yas, son of Semiramis, [426]. Nippur (nip´pur), Enlil god of, [35]; Ninip the Destroyer advances against, [53]; Ramman, Hadad or Dadu and, [57]; Ur-Nina and, [116], [117]; Lugal-zaggisi and, [124]; Ur moon god at, [130]; Ea's temple at, [131]; Isin kings from, [132], [133]; Kassites showed preference for, [218]; observatory at, [321]; Kheber (Chebar) canal near, [344]. Nirig (ni´rig), as Ninip and destroying sun, [53]. See Ninip. Nisroch, the Biblical, Ashur as, [343], [470]. Njord (nyerd), the Eddic sea god, [33]. Noah, the Babylonian, [27]. Nü, the Egyptian god, the crocodile as [29]; Sumerian form of, [36], [37]; vaguer than Nut, [106]. Nudimmud (nü´dim-müd). See Ea. Nüsk´ü, the god, as fire deity, [49], [50], [51]; as messenger of gods, [50], [53]; connection of with sea fire, [50], [51]; association of with sun and moon gods, [50], [353]; identified with Nirig and Tammuz, [354]. Nut (noo´it), the Egyptian goddess, [36]; Tiamat as, [37]; as mother of Osiris, [101]; Nu vaguer than, [106].

O

Oak, Saul buried under, [350]; association of with thunder gods, [350]. Oannes (ō-än´nes), as Ea, [27], [30]. Odin (ō´din), [64]; lovers of wife of, [103]; Gilgamesh and, [184], [185]; the mythical Ages and, [202]; Paradise of like Indra's, [209]. Olympus, the Babylonian, [332]. Omri, King of Israel, [405]. Opener, the, Horus as, [302]. See Apuata and Patriarch. Opis, Kish swayed by, [114]; King of captured by Eannatum of Lagash, [119]; Entemena's sack of, [120]. Ops, [103]. Ori´on, the Constellation, as form of Osiris, [297]; Nin-Girsu and Tammuz as, [301]; as form of the sun, [305]. Orion, the Greek giant, origin of, [45]. Osiris (ō-sī´ris), Tammuz cult and cult of, [xxxi], [81]. Yama and Gilgamesh and, [xxxii]; as god of the Nile, [33]; creative tears of, [45]; as a "dangerous god", [63]; as patriarch, [52], [82], [83], [84], [86], [90]; weeping for, [83], twin goddesses mourn for, [99]; Adonis myth, [83], [84]; origin of, [84]; blood of in Nile, [85]; swine associated with, [85]; as the lunar babe, [89]; as child, husband, brother, and father of Isis, &c, [99], [297]; as son with two mothers, [99]; Nut as mother of, [101]; Paradise of, [209]; fusion of Ptah with Seb and, [264]; Isis star and, [296]; the grave of, [296]; makes Isis a male, [299]; Nergal and, [304]; in star lore, [315]; backbone symbol of world mountain, [332]; Merodach and Ashur and, [354]. Osiris-Sokar, Merodach like, [299]. Owl, as ghost of sorrowful mother, [65]; Arabian belief regarding, [70]; reference to in Isaiah., [114]. Ox, the wild, in eagle and serpent myth, [75]. [76].

P

Palaeolithic Age, skull forms of in France, [8]; Palestine in, [10]. Palestine, early races in, [10]; Palaeolithic finds in, [10]; cave dwellers of, [10], [11]; in empire of Naram Sin, [129]; Abraham's wanderings in, [245]; tribes he found in, [245], [246]; Elamites in, [247], [248], [249]; Necho's campaigns in, [489]. Pan, Ea-bani and, [135]; the pipes of, [238]. Pantheon, the National, during Isin Dynasty, [132]. Pap-sukal (pap-sü´kal), messenger of gods, rescues Ishtar from Hades, [97]. Paradise, childless ghosts excluded from, [71]; the Indian, Germanic, and Egyptian, [209]; Babylonian beliefs, [210]. See Hades. Patesi (pa´te-si), priest king, [1]. Patriarch, the, Apuatu as, [xxxii]; Sargon of Akkad as, [xxxiii], [91]; Yama as, [xxxii], [56], [200]; Osiris and Tammuz as, [xxxii], [82], [86], [90], [297]; Scyld or Sceaf as, [92]; Yngve, Frey, Hermod, and Heimdal as, [93]; the mythical "sleepers" and, [164]; Nimrod as, [170], [277], [354]; Gilgamesh as, [xxxii], [200]; Mitra as, [201]; the Biblical Asshur, [276], [327], [354]; King Ninus of Nineveh and, [424], [425]; the Persian and Cyrus, [493]. Paul, Mars' hill sermon of, [59], [60]. Pekah, King of Israel, [450], [451]; Assyrian king overthrows, [453]. Pelasgians, the, Sumerian kinship with, [9]; Achaeans and, [393]. Pennsylvania, University of, expedition of, [xxiv]. Penrith, "Long Meg's" stone circle near, [156]. Persephone (per-sef´on-ē), the Babylonian, [53]; as lover of Adonis, [90]. Perseus, legend of, [152]; the Babylonian, [159], [164]. Persia, fire worship in, [50]; Yama of India and Gilgamesh, and Yima of, [200], [201]; the mythical Ages of, [202]; eagle symbol of great god of, [347], [493]; Ashur cult and, [355]; Britain and Russia in, [357]; Cyrus King of, [493]; religion of and Babylonian influence, [496]. Persian Gulf, early Sumerians traded on, [2]; Eridu once a port on, [22]. Petrie, Professor Flinders, dating of, [xxv], [212]; alien pottery in Egypt found by, [263]; on Egypt's culture debt to Syria, [275]. Pharaoh, "Piru" theory, [458], 458 n[[526]]. Philistines, the, their god Dagon, [32], [33]; "way of" an ancient trade route, [357]; invasion of Palestine by, [379]; as overlords of Hebrews, [379], [380]; Hittites and, [386]; civilization of, [387], [403], [405]; as vassals of Damascus, [414]; tribute from to Assyria, [439]. Phoenicians, Baau, mother goddess of, [150]; traditional racial cradle of, [244]; appearance of on Mediterranean coast, [245]; Melkarth, god of, [346]; as allies of Hebrews, [388]. Phrygia, thunder god of, [261]; Cybele and Attis of, [267]; Muski and, [395]; King Midas of, [460]; Cimmerians overrun, [472]; Lydia absorbs, [494]. Picts, why they painted themselves, [212]. Pig, demon in, [71]; sacrificed to Tammuz, [85]; associated with Osiris, [85]; sacrifice of to cure disease, [236]; totemic significance of, [293]; as the devil in Egypt and Britain, [293]; Ninip as boar god, [302]. Pigeons. See Doves. Pillar worship, "world tree" and "world spine", [334]. Pinches, Professor, on Ea, Ya or Jah, and Dagan, [31]; on Babylonian "Will-o'-the-wisp", [66]; on Babylonian boar god, [86]; on flocks of Tammuz, [93]; on Creation hymn, [149], [150]; on Babylonian monotheism, [160]; on names of Hammurabi, Tidal, &c, [248]; on Merodach as Nimrod, [277]; on Nebo and Ramman, [303]; on Ashur worship, [352], [353]; on Nusku and Tammuz, [353], [354]; on Ashur, Merodach, and Osiris, [354]; on the sacred doves, [427]. Pir-na-pish´tim, the Babylonian Noah, [27]; sun god and, [55]; Gilgamesh's journey to island of, [177], [178], [180]; revelation of, [181], [182]; the flood legend of, [190] et seq.; the Indian Yama and, [200]; the Persian Yima and, [201]. Planets, deities identified with, [296]; Merodach as Jupiter and Mercury, [299]; Venus female at sunset and male at sunrise, [299]; when gods were first associated with, [300]; Horus identified with three, [300]; the seven included sun and moon, [301]; Jupiter as "bull of light", [301]; the "bearded Aphrodite" and Ishtar, [301]; Ninip (Nirig) and Horus as Saturn, [302]; Nebo and Merodach as Mercury, [303]; Nergal and Horus as Mars, [303], [304]; in doctrine of mythical Ages, [313] et seq.; the Babylonian and Greek, [316]; in astrology, [318]. Plant of Birth, Etana's quest for, [164]. Plant of Life, Gilgamesh's quest for, [164], [177]. Plato, the dance of the stars, [333]. Pleiades (plī´a-dēz), the. See Constellations. Pleistocene (plīst´o-sēn) Age, the, Palestinian races of, [10]. Pliny, on the "Will-o'-the-wisp", [67]. Plutarch, the Osirian bull myth, [89]; on Babylonian astrology, [318]. Poetry, magical origin of, [236] et seq. Poets, inspired by sacred mead, [45]. Polar star, as "world spike", [332]; Lucifer as, [331], [332]. Pork, tabooed by races, [293]. Poseidon (pō-sī´don), [64], [105]. Postal arrangements, in Hammurabi Age, [251]. Pottery, linking specimens of in Turkestan, Elam, Asia Minor, and Southern Europe, [5], [263]. Prajapati (prăjä´păti), the Indian god, creative tears of, [45]. Preservers, the, mother goddesses as, [100]. Priests, En-we-dur-an-ki of Sippar, [42]; the sorcerer's spell, [46]; Dudu of Lagash, [120]; as rulers of Lagash, [121]; and burial ceremonies, [208], [209]; fees of cut down by reformer, [210], [211]; as patrons of culture, [287], [288], [289]. Pritha (preet´hä), mother of Indian Karna, [126]. Prophecy, blood-drinking ceremony and, [48]; breath of Apis bull and, [49]. Prophets, clothing of, [213], [214]. Psamtik (sam´tik), Pharaoh of Egypt under Assyrians, [483]; throws off Assyrian yoke, [486]. Ptah (tä), the Egyptian god, Ea compared to, [30]; cult of and mother worshippers, [105]; deities that link with, [263], [264]. Pül, Assyrian king called in Bible, [444]. Pumpelly expedition, Turkestan discoveries of, [5], [6], [263]. Punt, the land of, as "cradle" of Mediterranean race, [39]. Purusha (pür-üsh´ă), the Indian chaos giant, [429].

Q

Quarters, the four. See Four quarters. Queen of Heaven, the, Ishtar as, [81]; descent of to Hades, [95] et seq.; Bau-Gula as, [116]; Etana and eagle legend and, [166]; Ashur worshipped like, [352]; Jehu worshipped, [412], [421]. Queen of Kish, the legendary Azag-Bau, [114]; humble origin of, [115].

R