3. Covering leaves.
(a) Bud scales from horse chestnut.
(b) Bracts forming an involucre as in the wild carrot, black knapweed, acorn.
4. Foliage leaves.
A typical leaf with parts named.
Drawing of transverse section.
Arrangement of foliage leaves, alternate and whorled (including opposite).
The chief types of “simple divided” and “compound” leaves should be mounted.
Chief modifications of foliage leaves:—
(a) Tendrils for climbing—Vetch.