Petiole developed into tendril—Lathyrus aphaca (rare).

(b) Spines—Barberry.

(c) For food, e.g., carnivorous plants, sundew, pitcher plant, bladder-wort.

(d) Modifications due to the medium in which the plant lives—Water crowfoot.

The Flower.

I. Inflorescences.—A specimen and diagram of each.

Racemose. (1) Capitulum, e.g., daisy; (2) raceme, e.g., lily of the valley; (3) spike, e.g., wheat.

Cymose. 1. Dichotomous, e.g., most of the Caryophyllaceæ.

2. Helicoid cyme. Forget-me-not.

3. Scorpioid cyme. Rock-rose.