Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory

by Duncan Black MacDonald

Al-Farabi: Der Musterstaat. Herausgegeben und Übersetzt von Frdr. Dieterici. Leiden, 1900.

G. Flügel: Ueber Inhalt und Verfasser der arabischen Encyclopädie der Ikhwan as-Safa. ZDMG, xiii, pp. 1 ff. See, too, an excellent article by August Müller in Ersch und Gruber, ii, 42, pp. 272 ff., and Stanley Lane-Poole in his Studies in a Mosque.

Friedrich Dieterici: Die Philosophie der Araber im X. Jahrhundert n. Chr. aus der Schriften der lauteren Brüder herausgegeben. Berlin and Leipzig, 1861-1879.

Ignaz Goldziher: Materialien zur Entwickelungs-geschichte des Sufismus. WZ, xiii, pp. 35 ff.

Theodor Nöldeke: Sufi. ZDMG, xlviii, pp. 45 ff. On the derivation and early usage of the name Sufi.

Adelbert Merx: Idee und Grundlinien einer allgemeinen Geschichte der Mystik. Heidelberg, 1893.

John P. Brown: The Derwishes or Oriental Spiritualism. London, 1868. A valuable but uncritical description of modern Turkish and Persian Darwishes.

Sir James Redhouse: The Mesnevi of Jelal eddin ar-rumi translated into English. Book I. London, 1881. See, too, a translation by Whinfield, London, 1887, and an edition of selected ghazels from the Diwan with translation and valuable introduction by R. A. Nicholson, Cambridge University Press, 1898.

E. J. W. Gibb: A History of Ottoman Poetry. Vol. i. London, 1900. A valuable statement of the later Persian and Turkish mysticism and metaphysic on pp. 13-70.