Development of Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory

by Duncan Black MacDonald

E. H. Palmer: Oriental Mysticism. Cambridge, 1867.

Carra de Vaux: Avicenne. Paris, 1900. Contains an introductory sketch of philosophy and theology up to the time of Ibn Sina. Algazali. Paris, 1902. A continuation of the first.

A. von Kremer: Über die philosophischen Gedichte des Abul Ala Ma‘arry. Wien, 1888.

A. von Kremer: Gedichte des Abu-l-Ala Ma‘arri. ZDMG, xxix, 304; xxx, 40; xxxi, pp. 471 ff.; xxxviii, 499 ff.

Abu-l-Ala al-Ma‘arri: Letters Arabic and English, with notes, etc., edited by D. S. Margoliouth. Oxford, 1898. See, too, papers by R. A. Nicholson in JRAS, October, 1900, ff.; and by Margoliouth, for April, 1902.

E. Fitzgerald: The Ruba‘iyat of Omar Khayyam. With a commentary by H. M. Batson and a biographical Introduction by

E. D. Ross. New York, 1900. The biography by Ross is the only at all adequate treatment of the life and times of Umar which yet exists. Of the Ruba‘iyat themselves there are several adequate translations, e.g. by Whinfield, Payne and Mrs. Cadell.

Martin Schreiner: Zur Geschichte der Polemik zwischen Juden und Muhammedanern. ZDMG, xlii, pp. 591 ff. Deals with Ibn Hazm and Fakhr ad-Din ar-Razi.

Martin Schreiner: Beiträge zur Geschichte der theologischen Bewegungen in Islam. ZDMG, lii, pp. 463 ff.; 513 ff.; liii, pp. 51 ff. A most valuable collection of materials with considerable gaps and imperfect digestion.