The Jacquard Machine Analyzed and Explained / With an appendix on the preparation of jacquard cards, and practical hints to learners of jacquard designing

by E. A. Posselt

Fig. 87.

[Fig. 87] shows the variations and methods to be resorted to in “outlining by squares” the five circles, each of different size.

[Fig. 88] shows the formation of projected straight lines varying from a horizontal to a vertical direction. The full changes by 8^s, 7^s, 6^s, 5^s, 4^s, 3^s, 2^s, 1^s are shown in full black. The half changes between the 2^s and 3^s are formed of 2^s and 3^s taken alternately as shown by the shaded line. Another half change between 1^s and 2^s, also represented by the shaded effect, shows the change to be a repetition of the step 1, 1, 2. Between this last mentioned change and the regular 2^s change, we find the direction of a straight line as derived from a repetition of 2, 2, 1, indicated by the [.] Below the regular change by 1^s the straight line is formed by using 7 times 1 and once 2 repeated. Above the regular change by 1^s as shown by the black diagonal, these same changes will form straight lines running from 45° to 90°.

Fig. 88.

Rules for “Outlining in Squares” Inside or Outside the Drawing Outline.

The outlining in squares outside the drawing outline is observed in designs having the figure produced by the filling. The outlining in squares inside the drawing outline is observed in designs having the figure produced by the warp. By reversing these two rules, the figure in the design would be changed from the sketch, for if outlining in squares inside the drawing outline, using filling for figure, the figure would be reduced proportionally to the reduction made or taken away by the outline squares. Thus, also, if the warp formed the figure, and the “outlining being done in squares,” outside the drawing outline, the figure would increase proportionally the size of the squared outline. These rules refer to painting the squares for warp only. Some fabrics require also the painting of the filling squares.

The foregoing explanation may be reduced to the following Rule: If the figure is required to be in white, “outline by squares” outside the drawing outline; if the figure is required to be painted, “outline by squares” inside the drawing outline.