[19] Madras Census Report, 1871.
[20] A fanam is a small gold coin, worth about four annas, which was formerly current in Southern India, but is no longer in circulation.
[21] Other kinds of necklaces are the mullapu (jasmine flower) mala, avil (beaten rice) mala, so called from the shape of the links, mani mala or bead necklace, and pavizham (coral) mala. These are all worn by women.
[22] Ordinarily, paddy is partly boiled before it is pounded to remove the husk. Raw rice is obtained by pounding the paddy, which has not undergone any boiling.
[23] There must in all be five or seven females.
[24] The taboot is a model of a Muhammadan mausoleum, intended to represent the tomb of Husain, which is carried in procession during the Moharram festival.
[25] Manavalan = bridegroom; Manavati = bride.
[26] An Indian Olio.
[27] The washerman of the Nambūtiris and Nāyars is called Veluthēdan.
[28] Nāyars are addressed as Kammal by Tiyans and artisans.