The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 12 (of 12)
Edmund Burke
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  • Easter, whence the name derived, vii. 237.
    • disputes about the time of celebrating it promote the study of astronomy and chronology, vii. 252.
  • East India Company, origin of the, ix. 348.
    • system of its service, ix. 350.
    • a fundamental part of its constitution, that its government shall be a written one, ix. 369.
    • two sources of its power, ix. 345.
    • its negotiations with government, i. 362.
    • observations on its charter, ii. 438.
    • extent and population of its possessions, ii. 443, 444.
    • observations on its conduct, ii. 446.
    • its treatment of the nations indirectly subject to its authority, ii. 466.
    • its administration in the countries immediately under its government, ii. 497.
    • concise view of the proceedings of the House of Commons relative to it, ii. 559.
  • East Indies, origin of the extensive British possessions there, ii. 560.
  • Ecclesiastical investiture, origin and nature of, vii. 382.
  • Economy and war not easily reconciled, i. 310.
    • admirable system of, in France, under Necker, ii. 273.
    • difficulty of attempting a plan of public economy, ii. 268.
    • rules for a proper plan of, ii. 286.
    • things prescribed by the principles of radical economy, ii. 310.
    • distinction between economy and parsimony, v. 195.
    • political economy, had its origin in England, v. 192.
  • Education, effect of it on the colonists in America, ii. 124.
    • description of a good one, iv. 24; xii. [280].
  • Edward the Confessor, his character and conduct, vii. 278.
  • Election, popular, of magistrates, importance of it to a state, i. 472.
    • right of, what, i. 505.
    • mischief of frequent elections, i. 517; vii. 75.
    • the expense of them an important consideration, vii. 78.
  • Elizabeth, sister of Louis XVI., murdered by the French regicides, vi. 41.
  • Emphyteusis of the Romans, nature of it, vi. 354.
  • Empires do not fall by their own weight, vi. 27.
  • England, nature of its monarchy, ii. 288.
    • eulogy on its constitution, v. 210;
    • natural representation of its people, what it is, v. 284.
    • its constant policy with regard to France, iv. 397.
    • always necessarily the soul and head of any confederacy against France, iv. 397; v. 245.
  • English History, An Abridgment of the, vii. 157.
  • Enmity, when avowed, is always felt, vi. 57.
  • Enthusiasm, excited by other causes besides religion, v. 361.
  • Eostre, the name of a Saxon goddess,—whence the term Easter, vii. 237.
  • Epicureans, the, why tolerated in their atheism by the supporters of the ancient heathen religions, vii. 31.
    • their physics the most rational of the ancient systems, vii. 251.
    • why discredited, vii. 251.
  • Equity, criminal, a monster in jurisprudence, i. 500.
  • Established Church, the, should be powerful, but comprehensive and tolerant, vii. 36.
  • Established religion of a state, has often torn to pieces the civil establishment, vi. 357.
  • Establishment, legal, ground of a legislative alteration of it, vii. 10.
    • ground of the constitutional provision for the exclusive application of tithes to its support, vii. 12.
  • Etiquette, its signification and uses, v. 434.
  • Europe, general division of, before the universal prevalence of the Roman power, vii. 159.
    • the original inhabitants of Greece and Italy of the same race with the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161.
    • view of the state of Europe at the time of the Norman invasion, vii. 327.
  • Evidence, circumstantial, remarks on it, xi. 93.
  • Example, of men of principle, never without use, i. 426.
    • the only argument of effect in civil life, i. 499.
    • what the only security against a corrupt one, ii. 238.
    • the school of mankind, v. 331.
  • Executions of criminals, observations on them, vi. 245.
  • Exercise necessary to the finer organs, i. 216.
  • Expression, difference between a clear and a strong one, i. 260.
  • Eye, the, in what its beauty consists, i. 198.
  • Eyre, Sir Robert, (Solicitor-General,) extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 138.
  • Factions, formed upon and generate opinions, vii. 44.
  • Fame, a passion for it, the instinct of all great souls, ii. 65.
    • the separation of it from virtue, a harsh divorce, ii. 243.
  • Fanaticism, epidemical, formidable nature of it, iii. 435.
    • may be caused by a theory concerning government as much as by a dogma in religion, iv. 192.
  • Farmer, dangerous to try experiments on him, v. 147.
    • amount of his usual profits, what, v. 148.
    • difficulties of his business, v. 152.
  • Favoritism, a system of, in the executory government of England, at variance with the plan of the legislature, i. 469.
  • Fear, cause of it, i. 210.
    • early and provident fear the mother of safety, vii. 50.
  • Feeling, the beautiful in, i. 201.
  • Female sex, the moral sensibility more acute in them then in men, xii. [164].
  • Finances, three standards to judge of the condition of a nation with regard to them, i. 330.
    • importance of them to a state, iii. 534.
    • admirable management of the French finances under Necker, ii. 273.
  • Financier, duty of a judicious one in respect to his calculations, i. 348.
    • his objects, what, iii. 538, 558.
  • Fire, a chief object of worship to the Druids, why, vii. 182.
  • Firmness, a virtue only when it accompanies the most perfect wisdom, i. 440.
  • Fitness, not the cause of beauty, i. 181.
    • the real effects of it, i. 184.
  • Flattery, why so prevalent, i. 124.
  • Florence, republic of, its origin, vii. 331.
  • Force, not impaired, either in effect or opinion, by an unwillingness to exert itself, ii. 108.
    • objections to its employment against the American colonies, ii. 118.
  • Forest lands, plan of economical reform concerning them, ii. 300.
  • Foster, Justice, extracts from his Crown Cases and Discourses on the Crown Law, xi. 28, 123.
  • Fox, (C.J.) panegyrics on him, ii. 533; iii. 219.
    • reluctant dissent from his opinion concerning the assumption of citizenship by the French army, iii. 218.
    • animadversions on his commendation of the French Revolution, iv. 77; v. 7.
    • policy of a treaty with France maintained by him, v. 26.
    • his conduct contrasted with that of Mr. Pitt, v. 60.
  • France, from its vicinity, always an object of English vigilance with regard to its power or example, iii. 216.
    • Remarks on the Policy of the Allies with respect to, iv. 403.
    • the liberties of Europe dependent on its being a great and preponderating power, iv. 455.
    • character of its government before the Revolution, as shown by a review of the condition of the kingdom, iii. 400.
    • its exterior splendor just before the Revolution, v. 236.
    • state of things there during the Revolution, iv. 70.
    • barbarous treatment of the king and queen at the outbreak of the Revolution, iii. 325.
    • eloquent description of the queen as Dauphiness, and of the revolution in her fortunes, iii. 331.
    • observations on her execution, vi. 40.
    • degraded office to which the king was appointed by the Revolutionists, iii. 496; iv. 20.
    • with his own hand pulled down the pillars of his throne, iv. 362.
    • character of the king's brothers, iv. 429.
    • character of the aristocracy before the Revolution, iii. 412; vi. 39.
  • Franchise and office, difference between them, iv. 252.
    • effect of separating property from franchise, iv. 256.
  • Franklin, Dr., conjectures on his visit to Paris, vi. 152.
  • Freedom, the great contests for it in England chiefly on the question of taxation, ii. 120.
    • but in the ancient commonwealths chiefly on the right of election of magistrates, or on the balance among the several orders of the state, ii. 120.
    • character of civil freedom, ii. 229.
    • our best securities for it obtained from princes who were either war-like or prodigal, vi. 35.
  • French Affairs, Thoughts on, iv. 313.
  • French Directory, the character of its members, v. 448.
    • their conduct towards the foreign ministers, vi. 48.
  • French emigrants, capable of being serviceable in restoring order to France, iv. 427.
  • French literary cabal, their plan for the destruction of Christianity, iii. 378.
  • French moneyed interest, at variance with the landed interest, iii. 376.
  • French Revolution, characterized as one of doctrine and theoretic dogma, iv. 319.
    • its fundamental principle, iv. 322.
  • Frenchmen naturally more intense in their application than Englishmen, iv. 54.
    • mischievous consequences of this, iv. 55.
  • Friends of the Liberty of the Press, a club formed under the auspices of Mr. Fox, v. 20.
    • origin and character of it, v. 20.
  • Friends of the People, origin, composition, and proceedings of the club so called, v. 12.
    • a libellous petition of theirs, v. 47.
  • Frugality, founded on the principle that all riches have limits, ii. 308.
  • Gaming, a principle inherent in human nature, ii. 293.
    • a general spirit of it encouraged by the Revolutionists in France, iii. 488.
    • they who are under its influence treat their fortunes lightly, iv. 204.
  • Garrick, David, anecdote of him, vi. 47.
  • Gauls, their early incursions into Greece and Italy, vii. 161.
    • reduced at last by the Romans under Cæsar, vii. 162.
    • policy of Cæsar with regard to them, vii. 163.
  • Geneva, possible benefits to it from state granaries, v. 155.
  • Genghis Khân, observations on his code, xi. 212.
  • Genoa, republic of, its origin, vii. 831.
  • Gentoo law, the primeval law of India, xi. 207.
  • Gentoos, the original inhabitants of Hindostan, ix. 377.
    • distribution of the people into orders or castes, ix. 380.
    • origin and character of their laws, ix. 482.
    • extracts from Halhed's translation of them, xi. 209.
  • George II., character of his reign, i. 456.
  • George III., advantages under which he came to the throne, i. 450.
  • Germanic Custumary, the source of the polity of every country in Europe, v. 319.
  • Germans, of Scythian original, vii. 322.
    • brief account of their manners and institutions, vii. 291.
    • in certain of their institutions the outlines of the constitution of England delineated, vii. 293.
  • Germany, how likely to be affected by the Revolution in France, iv. 328.
  • Gibraltar, the object of England in retaining it, iv. 383.
  • Glastonbury Abbey, its extraordinary wealth and splendor, vii. 245.
  • Go-betweens, the world governed by, iv. 189.
    • their mode of influence, iv. 190.
  • Good fame of every man, ought to be protected by the laws, vii. 112.
  • Gothic Custumary, the source of the polity of every country in Europe, v. 319.
  • Government, the forms of a free one not altogether incompatible with the ends of an arbitrary one, i. 444.
    • project of government devised in the court of Frederick, Prince of Wales, i. 447.
    • considered, i. 450.
    • nature and design of it, i. 460.
    • name of it, i. 466.
    • important ends of a mixed government, i. 469.
    • folly of hazarding plans of government except from a seat of authority, ii. 104.
    • government a practical thing, ii. 227; iii. 310.
    • character of a free one, ii. 227.
    • an eminent criterion of a wise one, what, ii. 278.
    • reform in it should be early and temperate, ii. 280.
    • without means of some change, is without the means of its conservation, iii. 259.
    • difficulty of forming a free one, iii. 560.
    • the particular form of it to be determined by the circumstances and habits of a country, iv. 109.
    • a theory concerning it may be as much a cause of fanaticism as a dogma in religion, iv. 192.
    • the establishment of one a difficult undertaking for foreign powers to act in as principals, iv. 410.
    • not subject to laws analogous to those or physical life, v. 124, 234.
    • restraint the great purpose of, v. 133, 189.
    • policy of, in times of scarcity, v. 156.
    • important problem concerning, v. 166.
    • perishes only through its own weakness, v. 169.
    • impossible where property does not rule, v. 377.
    • the great objects of, v. 466; vii. 72.
    • its duty and right to attend much to opinions, vii. 44.
    • stands on opinion, vii. 91.
  • Grace, acts of, impolicy of them, ii. 386.
  • Gracefulness, an idea belonging to posture and motion, i. 200.
  • Granaries, public, danger in erecting them, v. 153.
    • fit only for a state too small for agriculture, v. 155.
  • Grand Seignior, the, not an arbitrary monarch, ix. 464.
  • Great personages, wisely provided that we should interest ourselves in their fate, xi. 308.
    • everywhere made the objects of tragedy, xi. 308.
  • Greece, its original inhabitants of the same race as the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161.
    • situation of it from a remote period, vii. 161.
  • Greek Church, character of its secular clergy, iv. 230.
  • Green Cloth, Court of, its origin and composition, ii. 304.
  • Grenville, Mr., character of him, ii. 37.
  • Grenville, Lord, eulogy of him, v. 174.
  • Grief, cause of, i. 108.
  • Guienne, William, Duke of, engages in the Crusade, vii. 374.
  • Guilt, gigantic, overpowers our ideas of justice, iv. 466.
    • expedients for concealing it, frequently the cause of its detection, x. 49.
    • is never wise, x. 49; xi. 261.
  • Habeas Corpus, remarks upon the suspension of it in respect to Americans, ii. 190.
  • Habit and use, not causes of pleasure, i. 180.
  • Hale, Sir Matthew, Cromwell's declaration to him when he appointed him judge, iv. 13.
    • defect in his History of the Common Law, vii. 476.
    • causes of it, vii. 476.
  • Halhed's translation of the Gentoo code, remarks on it, xi. 207.
  • Hallmote, or Court Baron, what, vii. 301.
  • Hannay, Colonel, his character and conduct, xi. 418.
  • Happiness, civil, what, x. 135.
  • Hardwicke, Lord, his declaration as to the general rule of evidence, xi. 77.
  • Harrington, his opinion as to a commonwealth not governed by its property, v. 377.
  • Hastings, Mr., articles of charge against him presented to the House of Commons, 1786, viii. 305-ix. 318.
    • appendix to the eighth and sixteenth charges, ix. 319.
    • speeches of Mr. Burke in his impeachment, ix. 327-x. 451; xi. 155-xii. 398.
    • Report from the Committee appointed to inspect the Lords' Journals, in relation to their proceedings on his trial, xi. 1.
    • his conduct in the treaty with the Mahrattas, ii. 454.
    • brief account of his treatment of the Nabob of Oude, ii. 467.
    • of the Begums of Oude, ii. 476.
    • of the Ranny of Benares, ii. 485.
    • his venal agreement for the extirpation of the Rohillas, viii. 308.
    • his fraudulent sale of the territories of the Mogul, viii. 322.
    • his designs against the Rajah of Benares, viii. 339.
    • orders the arrest of the Rajah, viii. 361.
    • instigates the plunder of his family by the soldiery, viii. 368.
    • usurps the government of Benares, viii. 380.
    • his oppressive impositions and exactions, viii. 381.
    • enforces the confiscation of the landed estates of the Begums of Oude, viii. 403.
    • orders the seizure of their treasures, viii. 409.
    • severities practised upon their ministers in the execution of those orders, viii. 414.
    • endeavors to stifle an inquiry into his proceedings, viii. 448.
    • corruptly abandons the Nabob of Furruckabad and his country to the oppressions of the Nabob of Oude, viii. 472.
    • causes the destruction of the Rajah of Sahlone, viii. 486.
    • sets at defiance the orders of the Company with respect to contracts, ix. 4.
    • and with respect to salaries, ix. 11.
    • his illegal and extravagant allowances to Sir Eyre Coote, ix. 12.
    • and to Brigadier-General Stibbert, ix. 13.
    • and to Sir John Day, ix. 15.
    • and for the civil establishment of Fort William, ix. 17.
    • his appointment of the Secretary of the Council as agent for the supply of rice, with enormous commissions, ix. 19.
    • his corrupt receipt of presents in numerous instances, ix. 23.
    • tender and subsequent disavowal of his resignation, and refusal to vacate office, ix. 42.
    • his illegal contract with the Surgeon-General, ix. 60.
    • his contracts for Poolbundy repairs, ix. 60.
    • his opium contracts, ix. 63.
    • his appointment of R.J. Sulivan to office, ix. 70.
    • his conduct with regard to the Ranna of Gohud, ix. 72.
    • his frequent, violent, and unauthorized changes in the revenue and judicial systems of Bengal, ix. 79, 87.
    • permits his own banian to hold farms to a large amount in different districts, in violation of his own regulations, ix. 83.
    • refuses relief to the distresses of the Nabob of Oude, ix. 98.
    • seeks to enforce unjust demands against the Nabob, ix. 98.
    • illegally assumes the delegation of the whole functions of the Council, for the purpose of making a treaty with the Nabob, ix. 104.
    • in contravention of treaty stipulations, burdens the Nabob with the continued maintenance of British troops, ix. 109, 112.
    • makes unjustifiable demands on, and receives unlawful presents from the Nabob, ix. 110, 114.
    • on his own simple allegation of indefinite offences, urges the Nabob to put to death Almas Ali Khân, ix. 154.
    • establishes a system of disreputable and ruinous interference in the government of the Nabob, ix. 162.
    • attempts to abandon the British army to the sole discretion of the Nabob, ix. 168.
    • arrests and continues in long imprisonment Mahomed Reza Khân, without any proofs of guilt, ix. 185.
    • appoints Munny Begum to be guardian to the Nabob of Bengal, and administratrix of the government, ix. 187.
    • seeks the aggrandizement of the Mahrattas, ix. 220, 228.
    • the Mogul delivered up to them through his instrumentality, ix. 221.
    • he libels and asperses the Court of Directors, ix. 228.
    • forces the Mahrattas into a war, by repeatedly invading their country, ix. 253.
    • concludes a dishonorable treaty of peace and alliance with them, ix. 254.
    • withholds and conceals his official correspondence and proceedings from the Directors and Council, ix. 267.
    • his conduct with regard to Fyzoola Khân, ix. 268.
    • his arbitrary principles of government, ix. 446; xi. 194.
    • his corrupt system of government, x. 5.
    • general farming of the lands at auction, in derogation of the rights of proprietors, x. 15.
    • sale of offices, x. 21.
    • conduct in reference to the accusations of Nundcomar, x. 24, 205.
    • in the case of Munny Begum and the Nabob of Bengal, x. 26, 193, 278; xii. [218], [245].
    • the receipt of bribes justified by an intention to apply them to the Company's service, x. 43, 324.
    • account given of some of these transactions to the Directors, x. 44, 338.
    • delegation of the management of the revenues to a nominal council, with Gunga Govind Sing as agent, x. 53.
    • appointment of Debi Sing to the charge of the province of Dinagepore, x. 65.
    • the enormities of this man, mock inquiries into them, and Mr. Hastings's responsibility in the premises, x. 77, 92, 186.
    • Mr. Hastings's measures justified by himself, as producing an increase of revenue, x. 136.
    • remarks on the testimonials of the natives in his favor, x. 154; xii. [358].
    • proofs of personal corruption, x. 161-295.
    • charged with peculation by General Clavering, x. 244.
    • opinions of counsel concerning his proposed prosecution by the Directors, x. 257.
    • his connivance in the general corruption of the Service, x. 296; xii. [294].
    • recriminatory charges against the House of Commons, xi. 166.
    • powers claimed by him, and the manner and results of their exercise, xi. 195, 236, 238.
    • in the case of Cheyt Sing and the province of Benares, xi. 236.
    • of the Nabob of Oude, his kindred and country, xi. 372; xii. [3].
    • of the province of Bengal, xii. [208].
    • his extravagant and corrupt contracts, xii. [297].
    • his conduct in reference to various presents, xii. [324], [338], [350].
    • observations on the Mahometan college founded by him, xii. [352].
    • Lord Cornwallis's testimony to the disastrous effects of his revenue system, xii. [359].
    • examination of the merits set up by him, xii. [370].
  • Hawles, Sir John, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 126, 135.
  • Height, less grand than depth, i. 147.
  • Helvetii, remarkable emigration of them related by Cæsar, vii. 172.
  • Henry I. of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 375.
  • Henry II. of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 394.
  • Henry IV. of England, severs the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster from the crown, ii. 296.
  • Henry IV. of France, brief character of him, iii. 411.
  • Hii, or Columbkill, brief account of it, vii. 249.
  • Hindoo institutions, characteristics of, ix. 382.
  • Hindoo polity, destroyed by Mr. Hastings, ix. 394.
  • Hindostan, eras in its history, ix. 386.
  • History, moral lessons to be drawn from it, iii. 418, 421.
    • caution with regard to the study of it, iv. 468.
  • Hobbes, his view of war as the state of Nature, i. 15.
  • Holland, Sir John, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 146.
  • Holy Land, view of its condition at the commencement of the third Crusade, vii. 426.
  • Homer, his similitudes seldom exact, i. 88.
    • a simile from the Iliad, i. 105.
    • his representation of Discord, obscure and magnificent, i. 138.
    • no instance in the Iliad of the fall of any man remarkable for stature and strength that touches us with pity, i. 243.
    • has given to the Trojans more of the amiable and social virtues than to the Greeks, i. 243.
    • would excite pity for the Trojans, admiration for the Greeks, i. 243.
    • his masterly representation of the grief of Priam over the body of Hector, iv. 95.
    • observation on his representation of the ghosts of heroes at the sacrifices of Ulysses, vii. 181.
    • his works introduced into England by Theodorus, Archbishop of Canterbury, vii. 249.
  • Honest men, no safety for them but by believing all possible evil of evil men, iv. 7.
  • Horace, the truth of an observation in his Art of Poetry, discussed, i. 134.
    • a passage from him of similar import to one from David, i. 143.
  • Household, the royal, has strong traces of feudality, ii. 303.
  • Howard, the philanthropist, his labors, ii. 387.
  • Hudibras, humorous lines from, applicable to the modern Whigs, iv. 150.
  • Hume, Mr., his account of the secret of Rousseau's principles of composition, iii. 459.
    • his remark on the doctrines of John Ball, iv. 355.
  • Humility, the basis of the Christian system, iv. 26.
    • humanity cannot be degraded by it, v. 253.
  • Husbandry, classification of laborers in, v. 144.
  • Hyder Ali Khân, scheme of the creditors of the Nabob of Arcot to extirpate him, iii. 61.
    • dreadful devastation of the Carnatic by him, iii. 83.
  • Hypæthra of the Greeks, what, vii. 187.
  • Imagination, what, i. 86.
    • no bounds to men's passions when they are under its influence, iv. 192.
  • Imitation, one of the passions belonging to society, i. 122.
    • its source and use, i. 122.
  • Impeachment, the great guardian of the purity of the constitution, i. 495.
  • Impey, Sir Elijah, (Chief Justice of Bengal,) accused of the official murder of Nundcomar, x. 218.
    • resolution of the House of Commons concerning this accusation, x. 311.
    • serves as bearer of Mr. Hastings's order to seize the treasures of the Begums of Oude, xii. [32].
    • acts as commissioner to seek affidavits against the Begums, xii. [82].
  • Indecision, the natural accomplice of violence, iv. 190.
  • Indemnification, one of the requisites of a good peace, i. 295.
  • Indemnity and oblivion, acts of, their probable effects as means of reconciling France to a monarchy, iv. 460.
  • Independence of mind, always more or less influenced by independence of fortune, vii. 78.
  • India, the people of, classification of them, ix. 376; xi. 207.
  • Indians, British alliances with them in the American war denounced, vi. 171.
  • Indifference, pleasure, and pain, viewed in relation to each other, as states of the mind, i. 103.
  • Indolence, the prevailing characteristic of the class of elegant, weak-minded people, vii. 147.
  • Industry, effect of the Irish Popery laws in discouraging it, vi. 351.
  • Infinite, the artificial, consists in succession and uniformity of parts, i. 149, 220.
  • Infinity, a source of the sublime, i. 148.
    • in agreeable images, a cause of pleasure, i. 153.
  • Influence of the crown, operation of it, i. 444.
  • Inheritance, value of this principle in the British constitution, iii. 274.
  • Injury is quick and rapid, justice slow, x. 151; xi. 181.
  • Innocence, contrasted with guilt, ix. 371.
  • Insolvency, who ought to suffer in a case of, iii. 381.
  • Institutions, ancient juridical ones in England, intended to retard the headlong course of violence and oppression, ii. 193.
    • in political institutions, soundness of the materials of more importance than the fashion of the work, v. 120.
    • how, when revolutionized, to be reëstablished, v. 126.
    • benefits of institution, properly conditional, vii. 15.
  • Interest of a debt, not the principal, distresses a nation, i. 329.
  • Intolerance, mischief of it, vii. 34.
  • Ireland, danger of a proposed tax upon, i. 352.
    • early transmission thither of English liberties and institutions, ii. 146.
    • Two Letters to Gentlemen of Bristol relative to the Trade of Ireland, ii. 247.
    • Mr. Burke's defence of his Parliamentary conduct with regard to it, ii. 377.
    • the plan for the government of Ireland until 1782, what, iv. 233.
    • the true revolution there, that of 1782, iv. 276.
    • state of religion there before the grant of Pope Adrian IV., vi. 342.
    • object of the grant, vi. 342.
    • mutual importance of Ireland and Great Britain to one another, vi. 420.
    • reduction of Ireland by Henry II., vii. 410.
    • nature and previous condition of the country, vii. 410.
    • motives which led Adrian to commission Henry to reduce it, vii. 410, 413.
    • the English laws said to have been established there at its subjugation by John, vii. 449.
  • Irish language, names of the letters of it taken from the names of several species of trees, vii. 412.
  • Isocrates, observation of his in one of his orations against the Sophists, i. 5.
  • Italy, its original inhabitants of the same race as the people of Northern Europe, vii. 161.
    • its situation from a remote period, vii. 161.
  • Jacobinism by establishment, what, v. 309.
  • Jacobins, their character, iv. 437, v. 285, vi. 367.
    • their great object, v. 39.
  • Jacquerie, brief notice of the, iv. 177.
  • Jaffier Ali Khân, made Nabob of Bengal by the English, ix. 401.
  • Jaghires, Indian, nature of them, xii. [9].
  • Jekyl, Sir Joseph, his character, iv. 130.
    • extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 130, 131, 132, 136, 137, 142, 143.
  • Jews, a source of great revenue to William the Conqueror, vii. 351.
  • Job, observations on its sublime representation of a vision in the night, i. 137.
    • its sublime descriptions of the war-horse, the wild ass, and the unicorn and leviathan, i. 140.
  • John, King of England, brief account of his reign, vii. 437.
  • Judge, duty of one, xi. 104.
  • Judges, ought to be the very last to feel the necessities of the state, ii. 351.
  • Judgment and wit, difference between them, i. 87.
    • the senses should be put under the tuition of the judgment, iii. 15.
    • a coarse discrimination the greatest enemy to accuracy of judgment, v. 143.
  • Juridical and legislative acts, difference between them, vii. 63.
  • Juries, an institution of gradual formation, vii. 115.
    • not attributable to Alfred, vii. 264.
    • never prevalent amongst the Saxons, vii. 264.
  • Jurisprudence, nature and importance of the science, iii. 357.
    • abrogation of it in France at the Revolution, v. 307.
    • state of the study of it in England, vii. 476.
    • whole frame of it altered since the Conquest, vii. 478.
  • Justice is slow, injury quick and rapid, x. 151; xi. 181.
    • general observations on it, xii. [393], [395].
  • Keppel, Lord, character of him, v. 222.
  • Kilkenny, Statutes of, prove the ancient existence in Ireland of the spirit of the Popery laws, iv. 273.
  • King, the things in which he has an individual interest, i. 485.
    • nature of his office, iii. 497.
    • just powers of the king of France, iv. 49.
    • power of the king of England, iv. 50.
    • Address to the, in relation to the Measures of Government in the American Contest, vi. 161.
  • Kings, naturally lovers of low company, ii. 337.
    • in what sense the servants of the people, iii. 269.
  • King's Men, or King's Friends, character of the court corporation so called, i. 466.
  • Knight-errantry, origin of it, vii. 390.
  • Labor, necessary, why, i. 215.
    • human labor called by the ancients instrumentum vocale, v. 140.
    • that on which the farmer is most to rely for the repayment of his capital, v. 140.
  • Laborer and employer, always an implied contract between them, v. 137.
    • the first and fundamental interest of the laborer, what, v. 140.
  • Laboring poor, impropriety of the expression, v. 135, 466.
  • Lacedemonians, at the head of the aristocratic interests of Greece, iv. 321.
  • La Fontaine, has not one original story, vii. 145.
  • Lancaster, Duchy and County Palatine of, severed from the crown by Henry IV., ii. 296.
  • Landed estate of the crown, remarks on it, ii. 299.
  • Landed Interest, policy of the French Republic with regard to it, iv. 323.
  • Landed property, the firm basis of every stable government, v. 491.
  • Lanfranc, character of him, vii. 363.
  • Langton, Stephen, his appointment to the see of Canterbury through the influence of the Pope, vii. 447, 451.
    • oath administered by him to King John on his absolution, vii. 455.
  • Law's Mississippi scheme, character of it, iii. 554.
  • Law of neighborhood, what, v. 321.
  • Law, remarks on the study of it, ii. 125.
  • Laws, reach but a very little way, i. 470.
    • their severity tempered by trial by jury, i. 499.
    • superseded by occasions of public necessity, ii. 329.
    • bad ones the worst sort of tyranny, ii. 395.
    • laws and manners, a knowledge of what belongs to each the duty of a statesman, v. 167.
    • civil laws not all merely positive, v. 321.
    • two things requisite to the solid establishment of them, vi. 321.
    • equity and utility, the two foundations of them, vi. 323.
    • ought to be in unison with manners, vii. 27.
    • of England, Essay towards an History of the, vii. 475.
    • of England, written in the native language until the Norman Conquest, vii. 481.
    • of other Northern nations, written in Latin, vii. 481.
    • cause of this difference, vii. 481.
    • of Canute the Great, remarks on them, vii. 483.
    • of Edward the Confessor, so called, vii. 484.
    • ancient Saxon, review of their sanctions, vii. 484.
    • sources of them, vii. 487.
    • Gentoo, sources of them, ix. 482.
    • Mahometan, sources of them, ix. 480; xi. 216.
  • Lawful enjoyment, the surest method to prevent unlawful gratification, iv. 256.
  • Lawsuit, observations on that comedy, vii. 152.
  • Learning, an attention to it necessary to Christianity, vii. 246.
    • contributed, in the early ages, to the temporal power of the clergy, vii. 399.
  • Lechmere, Mr., extracts from his speeches at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 122, 124, 142.
  • Legislation, important problem in, v. 166.
  • Legislative and juridical acts, the difference between them, vii. 63.
  • Legislative right, not to be exercised without regard to the general opinion of those who are to be governed, ii. 224.
  • Legislators, bound only by the great principles of reason and equity, and the general sense of mankind, ii. 196.
    • character of a true legislator, ii. 456.
    • duties of legislators, v. 166; vi. 319.
    • the mode of proceeding of the ancient legislators, iii. 476.
  • Legislature, the true end of it, what, ii. 225; iii. 457.
    • its power of regulating the succession to the crown, iv. 134.
  • Leland, Dr., his book (View of Deistical Writers) the best on the subject, vii. 34.
  • Length, too great, in buildings, prejudicial to grandeur of effect, i. 152.
  • Letter of Mr. Burke to the Sheriffs of Bristol, on American Affairs, ii. 187.
    • to Gentlemen of Bristol, on the Trade of Ireland, ii. 249, 258.
    • to a Member of the National Assembly, on French Affairs, iv. 1.
    • to a Peer of Ireland, on the Penal Laws against Irish Catholics, iv. 217.
    • to Sir Hercules Langrishe, on the Roman Catholics of Ireland, iv. 241; vi. 375.
    • to William Elliot, Esq., on a Speech in the House of Lords, in the Debate concerning Lord Fitzwilliam, v. 107.
    • to a Noble Lord, on the Attacks upon himself and his Pension, v. 171.
    • on a Regicide Peace, v. 233, 342, 384; vi. 1.
    • to the Empress of Russia, vi. 113.
    • to Sir Charles Bingham, on the Irish Absentee Tax, vi. 121.
    • to Hon. Charles James Fox, on the American War, vi. 135.
    • to the Marquis of Rockingham, on the Plans of the Opposition in reference to the American War, vi. 151.
    • to Rt. Hon. Edmund S. Pery, on the Relief of the Roman Catholics of Ireland, vi. 197.
    • to Thomas Burgh, Esq., in Vindication of his Parliamentary Conduct relative to Ireland, vi. 209.
    • to John Merlott, Esq., on the same subject, vi. 235.
    • to the Lord Chancellor and others, with Thoughts on the Executions of the Rioters in 1780, vi. 239.
    • to Rt. Hon. Henry Dundas, with the Sketch of a Negro Code, vi. 255.
    • to the Chairman of the Buckinghamshire Meeting, on Parliamentary Reform, vi. 291.
    • to William Smith, Esq., on Catholic Emancipation, vi. 361.
    • to Richard Burke, Esq., on Protestant Ascendency in Ireland, vi. 385.
    • on the Affairs of Ireland in 1797, vi. 413.
    • on Mr. Dowdeswell's Bill for explaining the Powers of Juries in Prosecutions for Libels, vii. 123.
  • Libel, the elements of a, vii. 113.
  • Libelling, not the crime of an illiterate people, vii. 111.
  • Liberty and commerce, the two main sources of power to Great Britain, ii. 87.
    • mistakes about liberty, ii. 228.
    • cannot long exist among a people generally corrupt, ii. 242.
    • necessity of regulating it, iii. 240, 559,
    • how far men are qualified for it, iv. 51.
    • the distinguishing part of the British constitution, iv. 97.
    • its preservation the peculiar duty of the House of Commons, iv. 97.
    • order and virtue necessary to its existence, iv. 97.
    • a constitution uniting public and private liberty with the elements of a beneficent and stable government, an elaborate contrivance, iv. 211.
    • partial freedom and true liberty contrasted, vi. 389.
    • review of the causes of the revolution in favor of liberty in the reign of King John, vii. 472.
  • Light, how a cause of the sublime, i. 156.
    • when excessive, resembles darkness in its effects, i. 157.
    • light and riant colors opposed to the sublime, i. 159.
  • Limerick, treaty of, observations on two of its articles, vi. 345.
  • Lindisfarne, brief account of, vii. 250.
  • Liturgy of the Established Church, alteration of it ineffectual for the quieting of discontent, vii. 13.
  • Locke, Mr., his opinion concerning pleasure and pain, i. 105.
    • his opinion concerning darkness, i. 225.
  • Longinus, an observation of his on the effect of sublime passages in poets and orators, i. 124.
  • Lords, House of, affected alarm at a supposed intrenchment by it on the balance of the constitution, in the reign of George II., i. 457.
    • the feeblest part of the constitution, v. 49.
  • Loudness, a source of the sublime, i. 159.
  • Louis XIII., his hatred of Richelieu, iii. 499.
  • Louis XIV., his dislike to Mazarin and Louvois, iii. 499.
    • his conduct at the peace of Ryswick, vi. 58.
    • reason given by him for the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, vi. 328.
  • Louis XVI., barbarous treatment experienced by him at the Revolution, iii. 325; iv. 19.
    • unjustly called an arbitrary monarch, iii. 339.
    • degraded office to which he was appointed by the Revolutionists, iii. 496; iv. 20.
    • not the first cause of the evil by which he suffered, v. 366.
    • his character, v. 378.
    • character of his brothers, iv. 429.
  • Love, its origin, nature, and objects, i. 125.
    • the physical cause of it, i. 232.
    • nature of that taught by Rousseau, iv. 30.
    • observations on the love of parents to their children, xi. 422.
    • and on the love of country, xi. 422; iii. 292, 494.
  • Lucretius, passages from him, illustrative of the sublime, i. 144, 257.
  • Luxury, some good consequences of it, i. 424.
    • a tax on it, the only contribution that can be termed voluntary, v. 461.
  • Machiavel, an observation of his on war and peace, i. 15.
    • his maxim concerning wickedness by halves, vi. 43.
  • Madmen, a frequent appearance in them accounted for, i. 149.
  • Magna Charta, observations on it, iii. 272; iv. 266.
    • origin and nature of it, vii. 460.
  • Magnanimity, in politics, often the truest wisdom, ii. 181.
  • Magnificence, a source of the sublime, i. 154.
  • Magnitude, in building, necessary to the sublime, i. 152.
  • Mahomed Reza Khân, arrested by Mr. Hastings, x. 184.
  • Mahometanism, its conquests in Hindostan, ix. 387.
  • Mahometan government, character of it, ix. 463.
    • laws, sources of them, ix. 480; xi. 216.
  • Mahrattas, their territories invaded by the East India Company, ii. 453.
    • treaties with them, ii. 453, 454.
  • Majority, in a commonwealth, question as to the proper power of, iii. 299; iv. 170.
    • not true that in all contests the decision will be in their favor, vii. 53.
  • Malesherbes, murdered by the French Revolutionists, vi. 40.
  • Malvoisins, what, vii. 389.
  • Man, a creature of habit and opinions, ii. 234; xii. [164].
  • Manifestoes, implying superiority over an enemy, when commonly made, iv. 405.
    • matters usually contained in them, iv. 405.
  • Manilla ransom, remarks on it, i. 407.
  • Manners, while they remain entire, correct the vices of law, ii. 202.
    • corrupted by civil wars, ii. 203.
    • maintained in Europe for ages by the spirit of nobility and of religion, iii. 335.
    • in England, derived from France, iii. 336.
    • have done alone in England what institutions and manners together have done in France, iv. 327.
    • statesmen ought to know what appertains respectively to manners and laws, v. 167.
    • of more importance than laws, v. 310.
    • laws ought to be in unison with them, vii. 27.
  • Mansfield, Lord, his declarations concerning rules of evidence, xi. 84.
  • Mara, the name of a Saxon goddess,—whence the term Night-Mare, vii. 237.
  • Marriage, beneficial results of the Christian doctrine concerning it, v. 312.
    • endeavors of the French Constituent Assembly to desecrate it, v. 312.
    • ends for which it was instituted, vii. 131.
    • restraints upon it in the reign of King John, vii. 464.
  • Marriage Act, principles upon which it is grounded, vii. 131.
  • Mathematical and metaphysical reasoning, compared with moral, vii. 73.
  • Mazarin, Cardinal, not loved by Louis XIV., iii. 499.
    • bon-mot of a flatterer of his, on the match between Louis XIV. and a daughter of Spain, vi. 20.
  • Mediterranean Sea, importance to England of keeping a strong naval force there, v. 421.
  • Memorial to be delivered to Monsieur de M.M., Hints for a, iv. 307.
  • Merchants, English, their evidence, petitions, and consultations respecting America, i. 399, 405, 406.
    • principles and qualities of, ii. 506.
  • Mercy, not opposed to justice, iv. 465; vi. 252.
    • consists not in the weakness of the means, but in the benignity of the ends, vi. 168.
  • Metaphysician, nothing harder than the heart of a thorough-bred one, v. 216.
  • Migration, in early times, caused by pasturage and hunting, vii. 171.
    • and by wars, vii. 171.
  • Military life, its attractions to those who have had experience of it, v. 464.
  • Military and naval officers, the fortitude required of them, v. 468.
  • Militia, probable origin of it, vii. 422.
  • Milton, his admirable description of Death, i. 132.
    • his celebrated portrait of Satan, i. 135.
    • his description of the appearance of the Deity, i. 156.
    • example from him of the beautiful in sounds, i. 203.
    • of the power of words, i. 259.
  • Ministers, Prussian, infected with the principles of the French Revolution, iv. 359.
    • British, to be controlled by the House of Commons, v. 57.
    • observations on their duty in giving information to the public, vi. 14.
  • Minority, Observations on the Conduct of the, in Parliament, in the Session of 1792, v. 1.
    • power of a restless one, v. 285.
  • Mistletoe, veneration of the Druids for it, vii. 183.
  • Modes of life, injustice of sudden legislative violence to such as the laws had previously encouraged, iii. 439.
  • Modesty, heightens all other virtues, i. 188; v. 128.
    • but sometimes their worst enemy, v. 129.
  • Mogul, the Great, his grants to the East India Company, ii. 560; ix. 345.
    • sold by the Company, ii. 448.
    • the Company's treaties with him broken by them, ii. 452.
    • conspiracy to murder his son, ix. 412.
  • Mohun, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 32.
  • Mona, the principal residence of the Druids in the beginning of Nero's reign, vii. 195.
    • reduced by Suetonius Paulinus, vii. 196.
  • Monarchy, preferred by Bolingbroke to other governments, iii. 398.
    • one of its advantages, to have no local seat, iv. 431.
  • Monastic institutions, their important uses, iii. 440; vii. 244, 245.
  • Money, the value of it how to be judged, v. 454.
  • Moneyed companies, dangerous to tax great ones, i. 368.
  • Moneyed interest, when dangerous to a government, iii. 437.
  • Moneyed men, ought to be allowed to set a value on their money, v. 455.
  • Monk, General, character of the army commanded by him, iv. 36.
  • Monopoly of authority, an evil; of capital, a benefit, v. 151.
  • Montesquieu, his remark on the legislators of antiquity, iii. 477.
    • character of him, iv. 211.
    • his false view of the people of India, xi. 207.
  • Moral duties, not necessary that the reasons of them should be made clear to all, i. 7.
  • Moral order of things, great disasters in it affect the mind like miracles in the physical, iii. 337.
  • Moral questions never abstract ones, vii. 55.
  • Moral reasoning, compared with mathematical and metaphysical, vii. 73.
  • Mortality, a general one always a time of remarkable wickedness, vii. 84.
  • Multitudes, the shouting of, a source of the sublime, i. 159.
    • a multitude told by the head, not the people, iv. 183.
  • Munny Begum, (of Bengal,) her history, x. 195; xii. [226].
    • appointed by Mr. Hastings regent of Bengal, and guardian of the Nabob, x. 196; xii. [218].
    • (of Oude,) her noble birth, rank, and connections, xii. [46].
  • Music, remark concerning the beautiful in it, i. 204.
  • Mystery, in any matter of policy, affords presumption of fraud, xii. [79].
  • Nabob of Arcot, the Subah of the Deccan sold to him by the East India Company, ii. 450.
    • nature of his debts, iii. 25, 28, 29, 35, 39, 47.
  • Nabob of Oude, conduct of the East India Company towards him, ii. 466.
  • Nantes, Edict of, reason assigned by Louis XIV. for the revocation of it, vi. 328.
    • observations thereon, vi. 328.
  • Naples, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 337.
  • Nation, Present State of the, Observations on a late Publication so intituled, i. 269.
    • character of this publication, i. 274.
    • state of the nation in 1770, i. 437.
    • speculation of the ministry on the cause of it, i. 438.
    • animadversions on their views, i. 439.
  • National Assembly of France, corresponds with the Revolution Society of London, iii. 237.
    • its composition and character, iii. 283, 450.
    • studies recommended by it to the youth of France, iv. 25.
    • its worship of Rousseau, iv. 25.
  • Natural powers in man, the senses, the imagination, and the judgment, i. 82.
  • Nature, state of, inconveniences of it, i. 10.
    • the social, impels a man to propagate his principles, v. 361.
  • Navigation, Act of, its policy, i. 378; ii. 30, 38.
  • Navy, the great danger of economical experiments upon it, i. 345.
  • Necessity, the plea of, remarks on it, v. 450.
  • Negro Code, Sketch of a, vi. 262.
  • Negro slaves, denunciation of attempts to excite insurrections among them in the colonies by proclamations of the English governors, vi. 171.
  • Neighborhood, the law of, what, v. 321.
  • Newfoundland, view of the trade with it, i. 320.
  • Newspapers, powerful influence of them in the diffusion of French principles, iv. 327.
  • Night, a cause of the sublime, i. 132, 158.
  • Norman conquest, extraordinary facility of it, vii. 287.
    • attempt to account for it, vii. 288.
    • the great era of the English laws, vii. 487.
  • Normandy, reunion of it to the crown of France, vii. 445.
  • North, Lord, observations on his character, v. 182; vi. 216, 223.
  • Novelty, the first and simplest source of pleasure to the mind, i. 101.
    • the danger of indulging a desire for it in practical cases, iv. 76.
  • Nundcomar, accuses Mr. Hastings of corruption, x. 24.
  • Nuzzer, or Nuzzerana, what, x. 171.