The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Vol. 12 (of 12)

by Edmund Burke

• Oak, the, why venerated by the Druids, vii. 183.
• Oath, the Coronation, observations upon it in reference to the Roman Catholics, iv. 260.
• Obscurity, generally necessary to the terrible, i. 132.
• • why more affecting than clearness, i. 135.
• Obstinacy, though a great and very mischievous vice, closely allied to the masculine virtues, ii. 66.
• Office, men too much conversant in it rarely have enlarged minds, ii. 38.
• • in feudal times, the lowest offices often held by considerable persons, ii. 303.
  • the reason of this, ii. 304.
• Officers, military and naval, nature of the fortitude required of them, v. 468.
• Opinion, popular, the support of government, ii. 224; vi. 165; vii. 91.
• • an equivocal test of merit, v. 183.
  • the generality of it not always to be judged of by the noise of the acclamation, v. 286.
• Opinions, men impelled to propagate their own by their social nature, v. 361.
• • their influence on the affections and passions, v. 403; vii. 44.
  • the most decided often stated in the form of questions, vi. 28.
  • the interest and duty of government to attend much to them, vii. 44.
• Oppression, the poorest and most illiterate are judges of it, iv. 281.
• Orange, Prince of, (afterwards William III.,) extracts from his Declaration, iv. 147.
• Ordeal, purgation by, vii. 314.
• Oude, extent and government of, under Sujah ul Dowlah, xi. 373.

• Pain, pleasure, and indifference, their mutual relation as states of the mind, i. 103.
• • nature and cause of pain, i. 210.
  • how a cause of delight, i. 215.
• Paine, Thomas, remarks on his character, v. iii; vi. 60.
• Painting and poetry, their power, when due to imitation, and when to sympathy, i. 123.
• Pandulph, the Pope's legate, his politic dealing with King John, vii. 451.
• • parallel between his conduct to King John and that of the Roman consuls to the Carthaginians in the last Punic war, vii. 453.
• Papal power, uniform steadiness of it in the pursuit of its ambitious projects, vii. 449.
• Papal pretensions, sources of their growth and support, vii. 384.
• Papal States, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 337.
• Parliament, remarks on it, i. 491.
• • the power of dissolving it, the most critical and delicate of all the trusts vested in the crown, ii. 553.
  • disadvantages of triennial parliaments, vii. 79.
• Parliaments of France, character of them, iii. 505.
• Parliament of Paris, observations on its subversion, xii. [396].
• Parliamentary disorders, ideas for the cure of them, i. 516.
• Parsimony, a leaning towards it in war may be the worst management, i. 310.
• Party divisions, inseparable from free government, i. 271.
• • definition of the term, party, i. 530.
  • evils of party domination, vi. 390.
• Passions, all concern either self-preservation or society, i. 110.
• • final cause of the difference between those belonging to self-preservation and those which regard the society of the sexes, i. 113.
  • those which belong to self-preservation turn upon pain and danger, i. 125.
  • nature and objects of those belonging to society, i. 125.
  • a control over them necessary to the existence of society, iv. 52.
  • strong ones awaken the faculties, v. 287.
  • vehement passion not always indicative of an infirm judgment, v. 407.
  • mere general truths interfere very little with them, vi. 326.
  • passions which interest men in the characters of others, vii. 148.
• Pasturage and hunting, weaken men's ties to any particular habitation, vii. 171.
• Paulus, observation of his on law, vi. 324.
• Peace, requisites of a good one, i. 295.
• • the steps taken to bring one about always an augury of what it is likely to be, v. 251.
  • a ground of peace never laid until it is as good as concluded, v. 260.
  • an arrangement of peace in its nature a permanent settlement, v. 349.
• Penal statute of William III. against the Papists, repeal of it, ii. 391.
• People, accurate idea of the term, iv. 169.
• • evils of an abuse of it, iv. 411.
  • the temper of the people the first study of a statesman, i. 436.
  • in seasons of popular discontent, something generally amiss in the government, i. 440.
  • the people have no interest in disorder, i. 441.
  • generally fifty years behindhand in their politics, i. 442.
  • a connection with their interests a necessary qualification of a minister, i. 474.
  • sense of the people, how to be ascertained by the king, i. 475.
  • should show themselves able to protect every representative in the performance of his duty, i. 503.
  • liberty cannot long exist where they are generally corrupt, ii. 242.
  • the people of England love a mitigated monarchy more than even the best republic, iv. 149.
  • danger of teaching them to think lightly of their engagements to their governors, iv. 162.
  • the natural control on authority, iv. 164.
  • dangerous nature of a power capable of resisting even their erroneous choice of an object, vi. 296.
  • points on which they are incompetent to give advice to their representatives, vii. 74, 75.
• Perfection not the cause of beauty, i. 187.
• Persecution, religious, an observation of Mr. Bayle concerning it, vi. 333.
• • general observations on it, vi. 394.
• Persecutor, a violent one, frequently an unbeliever in his own creed, vi. 86.
• Peshcush, what, x. 171.
• Peters, Hugh, remarks on a passage in a sermon of his, iii. 318.
• Petition of Right, rests the franchises of the subject not on abstract right, but on inheritance, iii. 273.
• Philosophical inquiries, how to be conducted, i. 70.
• • use of them, i. 72.
• Philosophy, Lord Bolingbroke's, animadversions on it, i. 4.
• Physic, the profession of it, in ancient times, annexed to the priesthood, vii. 183.
• Physiognomy, has a considerable share in the beauty of the human species, i. 198.
• Pilgrimages of the Middle Ages, benefits of them, vii. 247.
• Pitt, Mr., remarks on his conduct in 1784, v. 57.
• • his Declaration on the war with the French Republic, v. 278; vi. 21.
  • eulogy of it, v. 279, 390; vi. 22.
  • and of his speech on that war, v. 390.
• Place Bill, proposed remedy for parliamentary disorders, i. 518.
• Plagues, in Athens and in London, wickedness remarkably prevalent during their continuance, vii. 84.
• Pleasure and pain, observations on them, i. 102.
• • pleasure, pain, and indifference, their mutual relation, as states of the mind, i. 103.
• Poetry, more powerful than painting in moving the passions, i. 134.
• • does not depend for its effect on raising ideas or sensible images of things, i. 246, 255.
  • this exemplified, i. 252.
  • affects rather by sympathy than imitation, i. 257.
  • dramatic poetry strictly imitation, i. 257.
  • descriptive poetry operates chiefly by substitution, i. 257.
• Poland, character of the revolution there, iv. 195.
• • contrasted with the revolution in France, iv. 198.
• Policy, a refined one, the parent of confusion, ii. 106.
• • inseparable from justice, iii. 438.
• Political connection, how regarded by the ancient Romans, i. 528.
• • England governed by one in the reign of Queen Anne, i. 529.
  • general observations on, i. 530.
• Political economy, had its origin in England, v. 192.
• Political system, an unwise or mischievous one not necessarily of short duration, iv. 353.
• Politician, duties of one, iii. 557, 559.
• Politics, ought to be adjusted to, human nature, i. 398.
• • different in different ages, i. 442.
  • unsuitable to the pulpit, iii. 246.
• Polybius, anecdote concerning him, iv. 285.
• Poor, the laboring, their poverty owing to their numbers, v. 134.
• • proper compassion for them, v. 135, 466.
• Poorunder, treaty of, broken by Mr. Hastings, xii. [382].
• Pope, the, his dispute with Henry I., vii. 384.
• • his pretext for giving Henry II. a commission to conquer Ireland, vii. 413.
  • his excommunication of King John, vii. 449.
  • treatment of him by the French Revolutionists, v. 418.
• Popery Laws, Tract on the, vi. 299.
• Popular election, a mighty evil, vii. 72.
• Popular opinion, an equivocal test of merit, v. 183.
• Population, rapid increase of it in America, ii. 110.
• • state of it, a standard by which, to estimate the effects of a government on any country, iii. 400.
  • view of that of France, at different periods, iii. 400.
  • comparative effects of peace and war on it, as regards the higher classes, v. 472.
• Power, all sublimity some modification of it, i. 138.
• • incompatible with credit, i. 368.
  • the civil power, when it calls in the aid of the military, perishes by the assistance it receives, i. 484.
  • arbitrary power steals upon a people by being rarely exercised, ii. 201.
  • persons possessed of power ought to have a strong sense of religion, iii. 354.
  • the ability to use it for the great and lasting benefit of a country a test of statesmanship, iii. 441.
  • not willingly abandoned by its possessors, iv. 11.
  • dissensions in the commonwealth mostly concerning the hands in which it is to be placed, iv. 163.
  • necessity of teaching men to restrain the immoderate exercise and inordinate desire of it, iv. 163.
  • active power never willingly placed by legislators in the hands of the multitude, iv. 164.
  • danger of a resumption of delegated power by the people, iv. 168.
  • does not always accompany property, iv. 349.
  • the possession of it discovers a man's true character, v. 362.
  • men will incur the greatest risks for the sake of it, vii. 82.
  • originates from God alone, ix. 456.
  • the supreme power in every constitution must be absolute, ix. 460.
  • ends to which a superintending, controlling power ought to be directed, xi. 417.
• Prejudice, cannot be created, vi. 368.
• Prerogative, remarks on the exercise of it, ii. 225.
• Presbyterianism, remarks on it, iv. 452.
• Prescription, part of the law of Nature, iii. 433.
• • the most solid of all titles, and the most recognized in jurisprudence, vi. 412; vii. 94.
• Present State of Affairs, Heads for Consideration on the, iv. 379.
• Price, Dr. Richard, observations on his sermon on the Love of our Country, iii. 244, 301, 304, 316.
• Price of commodities, how raised, v. 142.
• • danger of attempting to raise it by authority, v. 143.
• Primogeniture, right of, operation of the Popery Laws in taking it away, vi. 302.
• Principal of a debt, cannot distress a nation, i. 329.
• Principalities, the, proposal to unite them to the crown, ii. 298.
• Privations, all general ones great, i. 146.
• Profit, an honorable and fair one, the best security against avarice and rapacity, ii. 335.
• Projects, new, requirements of men of sense with respect to them, i. 367.
• Property, ought greatly to predominate over ability in the representation, iii. 298.
• • importance of the power of perpetuating it in families, iii. 298.
  • not always accompanied with power, iv. 349.
• Proportion, what, i. 166.
• • not the cause of beauty in vegetables, i. 166.
  • nor in animals, i. 170.
  • nor in the human species, i. 172.
  • whence the idea of proportion, as the principal component of beauty, arose, i. 178.
• Prosperity, discovers the real character of a man, iv. 22.
• • a prejudice in favor of it, however obtained, iv. 425.
• Protestant, the state so declared at the Revolution, with a qualification, iv. 257.
• Protestant ascendency, observations on, vi. 391.
• Protestant Association, the, animadversions on it, ii. 389, 415.
• Protestantism, at no period established, undefined, in England, iv. 258.
• Protestants, errors of the early, ii. 390.
• • misconduct of those in the South of France at the Revolution, iv. 452.
• Provisions, trade of, danger of tampering with it, v. 133.
• Prudence, the first in rank of the political and moral virtues, iv. 81.
• • its decisions differ from those of judicature, iv. 251.
  • its rules and definitions rarely exact, never universal, v. 241.
• Psalms, and Prophets, crowded with instances of the introduction of the terrible in Nature to heighten the awe of the Divine presence, i. 144.
• Public affairs, state of them previous to the formation of the Rockingham administration, i. 381.
• Public men, not all equally corrupt, ii. 240.
• Public service, means of rewarding it necessary in every state, ii. 330.
• Punishment, considerations necessary to be observed in inflicting it, iv. 466; vi. 245.
• • under the Saxon laws, extremely moderate, vii. 321.
• Purveyance and receipt in kind, what, ii. 306.
• • taken away by the 12th Charles II., ii. 306.
  • revived the next year, ii. 306.
• Pythagoras, his discipline contrasted with that of Socrates, vii. 179.
• • why silence enjoined by him, vii. 179.

• Raimond, Count of Toulouse, engages in the Crusade, vii. 372.
• Raleigh, Sir Walter, abusive epithet applied to him by Lord Coke, xi. 175.
• Reason, sound, no real virtue without it, iv. 24.
• • never inconvenient but when it comes to be applied, vi. 326.
• Reasoners, men generally the worse reasoners for having been ministers, i. 338.
• Reformation, in government, should be early and temperate, ii. 280.
• • and slow, iii. 456.
  • different from change, v. 186.
  • general observations on it, iii. 455; iv. 111; vi. 294; vii. 71.
  • in England, has always proceeded upon the principle of reference to antiquity, iii. 272.
• Reformation, the, observations on it, ii. 389.
• • effects of it, iv. 319.
• Reformers, English, character of them, iii. 430.
• Regicide by establishment, what, v. 309.
• Regicide Peace, Letters on, v. 233, 342, 384; vi. 9.
• Religion, writers against it never set up any of their own, i. 7.
• • effects of it on the colonists of America, ii. 122.
  • the basis of civil society, and the source of all good and of all comfort, iii. 350.
  • the respect entertained for it in England, iii. 352.
  • a strong sense of it necessary to those in power, iii. 354.
  • mischievous consequences of changing it, except under strong conviction, iv. 453.
  • the magistrate has a right to direct the exterior ceremonies of it, vii. 30.
  • the Christian, in its rise overcame all opposition, vii. 25.
• Religious opinions, not the only cause of enthusiasm, v. 361.
• Repetition, of the same story, effect of it, iv. 328.
• Report on the Affairs of India, Ninth, viii. 1.
• • Eleventh, viii. 217.
  • on the Lords' Journals, xi. 1.
  • Vindication of, this Report from the Animadversions of Lord Thurlow, xi. 149.
• Representation, ought to include both the ability and the property of a state, iii. 297.
• • virtual, what, iv. 293.
  • natural, what, v. 284.
  • of America in the British Parliament, project of, i. 372.
  • consideration of its difficulties, i. 373.
  • of England, and that of France in the National Assembly, compared, iii. 481.
• Representation to his Majesty on the Speech from the Throne, ii. 537.
• Representative, his duty to his constituents, ii. 95, 281, 357.
• Republican government, remarks on, iv. 109.
• Reputation, public, how to be secured, ix. 341.
• Resemblance, pleasing to the imagination, i. 87.
• Responsibility of ministers of state, nature of it, iii. 501; v. 507.
• Revenge, observations on, xi. 179.
• Revenue, great importance of it to a state, iii. 534.
• • its administration the sphere of every active virtue, iii. 535.
• Revolution of 1688, diminished influence of the crown at that time how compensated, i. 445.
• • principles of it contained in the Declaration of Right, iii. 252.
  • the subversion of the old, and the settlement of the new government, inseparably combined in it, iv. 80.
  • grounds of it, iv. 121.
  • contrasted with the French Revolution, iii. 225.
• Revolution in France, Reflections on the, iii. 231.
• • general observations on it, iii. 220.
  • characterized as a revolution of doctrine and theoretic dogma, iv. 319.
  • contrasted with the English Revolution of 1688, iii. 225.
• Revolution Society, correspond with the National Assembly of France, iii. 238.
• • remarks on its principles and proceedings, iii. 238.
• Reynolds, Sir Joshua, on idiosyncrasy in taste and judgment, iv. 212.
• Rich, need the consolations of religion, iii. 366.
• • trustees for those who labor, v. 134.
• Richard I., brief account of his reign, vii. 425.
• • parallel between him and Charles XII. of Sweden, vii. 436.
• Richelieu, Cardinal, hated by Louis XIII., iii. 499.
• Rights, assumed, their consequences of great moment in deciding on their validity, iv. 183.
• Rights of Men, Jacobinical theory of, animadversions on it, iii. 307.
• • sophistically confounded with their power, iii. 313.
• Robespierre, his character, vi. 62.
• Rochford, Lord, his remonstrance with regard to Corsica, i. 480.
• Rockingham, Marquis of, Short Account of his Administration, i. 263.
• • formation of his administration, i. 379.
  • state of public affairs at the time, i. 381.
  • character and conduct of it, i. 388.
  • ideas of it with regard to America, i. 403.
  • his Lordship's conduct in American affairs, ii. 40.
• Rohilla nation, sale of it by the East India Company, ii. 449.
• Roland, character of him, v. 70.
• Roman Catholics, Mr. Burke's defence of his Parliamentary conduct with regard to them, ii. 388.
• • Letter on the Penal Laws against, iv. 217.
  • mode of education necessary for their clergy, iv. 229, 231.
  • condition of their clergy before the restraint on marriage, iv. 230.
  • mischievous consequences of placing the appointment of the Irish Roman Catholic clergy in the hands of the Lord Lieutenant, iv. 234.
• Roman politics, under the Empire, different from those which actuated the Republic, vii. 203.
• • dominion over the Britons and other conquered nations, methods by which it was preserved, vii. 205.
  • procurators under the Emperors, why invested with greater powers than the legates, vii. 208.
  • military ways, character and purpose of them, vii. 211.
  • number and extent of the principal ones in Britain, vii. 211.
  • revenues, nature of them, vii. 211.
  • three great changes in the government after the dissolution of the Commonwealth, vii. 220.
• Rome, ancient, destroyed by the disorders of continual elections, vii. 80.
• • and by its heavy taxes, vii. 213.
  • bounds of the empire first contracted by Adrian, vii. 214.
• Rome, modern, its example a caution not to attempt to feed the people by the hands of the magistrates, v. 155.
• Rota, in the French National Assembly, effect of it, iv. 350.
• Rotund, noble effect of it, i. 150.
• • accounted for, i. 150.
• Rousseau, the secret of his principles of composition, iii. 459.
• • a resemblance to him an object of rivalry to the leaders of the National Assembly, iv. 25.
  • vanity his ruling passion, iv. 26.
  • brief character of him, iv. 27.
  • totally destitute of taste, iv. 30.
  • morality of the passions in his Nouvelle Éloise, iv. 31.
  • character of his style, iv. 32.
• Russell, Baron, the first, his character, v. 201.
• Russia, the Emperor of, the true policy of his government, v. 422.
• Russian treaty of commerce, i. 410.

• Sacheverell, Dr., his impeachment carried on for the purpose of stating the grounds and principles of the Revolution, iv. 119.
• • extracts from speeches of Managers at his trial, iv. 122-146.
  • proceedings in his trial, xi. 16.
• Saladin, Sultan of Egypt, reduces Palestine, vii. 427.
• • defeated by Richard I., vii. 429.
• Salaries, objections to a tax upon them, ii. 283.
• Sallust, remarks on his finely contrasted characters of Cæsar and Cato, i. 189.
• Salt, monopoly of, by the French government, i. 332.
• Santerre, his brutal conduct to Louis XVI., vi. 101.
• Saracens, their fierce irruptions and conquests, vii. 328.
• Savile, Sir George, his bill for the repeal of the statute of William III. against Papists, ii. 396.
• • his character, ii. 397.
• Saxons, a brief account of their laws and institutions, vii. 291.
• • under their rule, the succession to the crown in England partly hereditary and partly elective, vii. 297.
  • their laws wholly abolished in England since the Conquest, vii. 478.
  • sources of them, vii. 487.
• Scarcity, Thoughts and Details on, v. 131.
• • proper policy in respect to the poor, in times of, v. 156.
• Scotland, beneficial effects on trade of its union with England, ii. 254.
• • its Church establishment under the Union, iv. 258.
• Scripture, indefinite nature of subscription to it, vii. 18.
• Scythians, all Northern Europe originally inhabited by them, vii. 160.
• Selden, his statement of the Parliamentary practice in the examination of witnesses, xi. 108.
• Self-preservation, the passions which concern it the strongest ones, i. 110.
• • the sublime an idea belonging to it, i. 164.
• Senses, general remarks on them, i. 82.
• • ought to be put under the tuition of the judgment, iii. 15.
• Serpent, why an object of idolatry, vii. 184.
• Shakspeare, his description of the king's army in Henry IV. an example of the sublime, i. 155.
• Shelburne, Lord, animadversions on a passage in a speech of his, ii. 544.
• Silence, why enjoined by Pythagoras and the Druids, vii. 178.
• Sirach, Son of, fine example of the sublime from his Book of Wisdom, i. 155.
• Slaves, never so beneficial to their masters as freemen, v. 147.
• Smells, a source of the sublime, i. 162.
• Smith, Sir Sydney, Captain, observations on his case, v. 400.
• Smoothness, why beautiful, i. 234.
• Social nature, the, impels a man to propagate his principles, v. 361.
• Society, Natural, A Vindication of, i. 1.
• • definition of the term, i. 11.
  • notion of, how first introduced, i. 11.
  • political society, its nature and origin, i. 11; iii. 359; iv. 165.
  • its continuance under a permanent covenant, iii. 359; iv. 165.
  • the great purpose of it, what, vi. 333.
  • society and solitude compared, as sources of pleasure or pain, i. 115.
• Socrates, his discipline contrasted with that of Pythagoras, vii. 179.
• Solitude, something may be done in it for society, v. 125.
• Somers, Lord, the Declaration of Right drawn by him, iii. 254.
• Sophia, the Princess, why named in the Act of Settlement as the root of inheritance to the kings of England, iii. 262.
• Sophia, St., Church of, anecdote of the Greeks assembled there, at the taking of Constantinople, vi. 96.
• Sound, a source of the sublime, i. 159.
• • grand effect of a single one of some strength repeated after intervals, i. 160.
  • a low, tremulous, intermitting one productive of the sublime, i. 160.
  • the beautiful in sounds, i. 203.
• Spain, how likely to be affected by the revolution in France, iv. 339.
• • not a substantive power, iv. 385.
• Speech of Mr. Burke on American Taxation, ii. 1.
• • at his Arrival at Bristol, ii. 85.
  • at the Conclusion of the Poll, ii. 89.
  • on Conciliation with America, ii. 99.
  • on Economical Reform, ii. 265.
  • previous to the Election in 1780, ii. 365.
  • on Declining the Poll, ii. 425.
  • on Mr. Fox's East India Bill, ii. 431.
  • on the Nabob of Arcot's Debts, iii. 1.
  • on the Army Estimates, iii. 211.
  • on the Acts of Uniformity, vii. 3.
  • on the Relief of Protestant Dissenters, vii. 21.
  • on the Petition of the Unitarians, vii. 39.
  • on the Middlesex Election, vii. 59.
  • on Shortening the Duration of Parliaments, vii. 69.
  • on Reform of the Representation of the Commons in Parliament, vii. 89.
  • on the Powers of Juries in Prosecutions for Libels, vii. 105.
  • on the Repeal of the Marriage Act, vii. 129.
  • on Dormant Claims of the Church, vii. 137.
  • in the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, ix. 327-x. 145; x. 147-451; xi. 155-xii. 393.
• Spelman, Sir Henry, his difficulties in the study of the law, vii. 477.
• Spirituous liquors, beneficial effects of them, v. 164.
• Spon, M., his curious story of Campanella, i. 212.
• Spring, why the pleasantest of the seasons, i. 153.
• Stability, one of the requisites of a good peace, i. 295.
• Stafford, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 31.
• • remarks on the prosecution, xi. 112.
• Stamp Act, American, its origin, i. 385.
• • repeal of it, i. 389; ii. 47.
  • motives for the repeal, i. 391, 399.
  • good effects of the repeal, i. 401; ii. 59.
• Stanhope, General, extracts from his speech at the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 127.
• Starry heaven, why productive of the idea of grandeur, i. 154.
• State, the, meaning of the term, iv, 248.
• • consideration of its fitness for an oligarchical form, connected with the question of vesting it solely in some one description of citizens, iv. 251.
  • not subject to laws analogous to those of physical life, v. 124, 234.
  • the internal causes affecting the fortunes of states uncertain and obscure, v. 235.
  • great irregularities in their rise, culmination, and decline, v. 235.
  • in a conflict between equally powerful states, an infinite advantage afforded by unyielding determination, v. 243.
• Statesmen, duties of, i. 436; v. 167.
• • standard of one, iii. 440.
  • difference between them and professors in universities, vii. 41.
• Stephen, brief account of his reign, vii. 386.
• Stonehenge, wherein an object of admiration, i. 153; vii. 179.
• Stones, rude ones, why objects of veneration, vii. 185.
• Strafford, Earl of, proceedings in his trial, xi. 14. 113.
• Sublime, sources of it, i. 110.
• • the strongest emotion of the mind, i. 110.
  • in all things abhors mediocrity, i. 157.
• Sublime and Beautiful, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the, i. 67.
• • stand on very different foundations, i. 192.
  • comparison between them, i. 205.
  • on the efficient cause of them, i. 208.
• Succession, hereditary, the principle of it recognized at the Revolution, iii. 252.
• Succession, in visual objects, effects of it explained, i. 222.
• Suddenness, a source of the sublime, i. 160.
• Suffering, the force to endure, needful to those who aspire to act greatly, v. 250.
• Sujah ul Dowlah, his character, xi. 373.
• Sully, M. de, an observation of his on revolutions in great states, i. 441.
• Superstition, nature of it, iii. 442.
• Surplus produce, nature and application of it, iii. 444.
• Sweetness, its nature, i. 235.
• • relaxing, i. 237.
• Swift, Dr., a saying of his concerning public benefactors, ii. 472.
• Sympathy, observations on it, i. 177; v. 398.

• Taille, nature of, i. 330, 333.
• Talents, eminent, obscure and vulgar vices sometimes blended with, iv. 26.
• Tallien, the regicide, his sanguinary brutality, vi. 102.
• Tamerlane, his conquests in Hindostan, ix. 388.
• • remarks on his Institutes, ix. 467; xi. 214.
• Tanistry, what, vii. 297.
• Taste, discourse concerning it, i. 79.
• • definition of it, i. 81.
  • want of it, whence, i. 95.
  • a wrong or bad one, what, i. 95.
  • a good one, i. 96.
  • of no mean importance in the regulation of life, iv. 30.
• Taxes, mode of levying them in commercial colonies an important and difficult consideration, i. 354.
• • nature of several in America, i. 355.
  • colonial, Lord North's project of a ransom of them by auction, ii. 171.
  • the great contests for freedom in England chiefly upon the question of taxing, ii. 120.
  • taxes on different establishments, remarks concerning them, i. 368.
  • upon salaries, ii. 283.
  • details of English taxes, v. 476.
• Terror, sometimes a source of delight, i. 119.
• • how, i. 214.
  • an effect of the sublime, i. 130.
  • its physical effects, i. 211.
• Test Act, observations on it, iv. 264.
• Thanes, brief account of them, vii. 300.
• Theatre, general observations on the, iii. 338.
• • prosperous condition of it in England, v. 485.
  • made an affair of state in the French Republic, vi. 104.
• Theodorus, Archbishop of Canterbury, brief account of him, vii. 249.
• • his services to the cause of letters in England, vii. 249.
• Three Seals, the history of the affair so called, ix. 408.
• Time blends the conquered with the conquerors, iv. 272.
• Toleration, true, exemplified, iii. 431.
• • ought to be tender and large, iv. 258.
  • favorable to, and a part of Christianity, vii. 25.
  • not a virtue of the ancient heathens, vii. 31.
• Toulon, fleet of, injudicious measures of the English government with regard to it, iv. 445.
• Townshend, Charles, character of him, ii. 64.
• Trade, sometimes seems to perish when it only assumes a different form, i. 313.
• • quickly and deeply affected by taxes, i. 391.
  • tests of the state of it, what, v. 493.
  • Board of, its character and history, ii. 340.
• Tragedy, observations on the effects of, i. 120.
• • its subjects and passions, vii. 150.
  • great personages everywhere made the objects of it, xi. 308.
• Transmigration of souls, origin of the doctrine, vii. 181.
• Treasurer's staff, Lord Coke's account of the purpose of it, ii. 354.
• Trent, Council of, its wise introduction of the discipline of seminaries for priests, iv. 231.
• Triangle, the poorest of all figures in its effect, i. 152.
• Triennial Parliaments, evils of them, vii. 79.
• Trinoda necessitas, in Saxon law, what, vii. 325.
• Turkey, power sought there with avidity, notwithstanding the danger and insecurity of its tenure, vii. 82.
• Tyranny, aggravated by contumely, ii. 484.
• • the desire and design of it often lurk in the claim of an extravagant liberty, iv. 115.
  • never learns moderation from the ill success of first oppressions, x. 83.

• Ugliness, the opposite to beauty, but not to proportion and fitness, i. 199.
• • consistent with the sublime, i. 199.
• Uniformity and succession of parts constitute the artificial infinite, i. 149.
• Universal, nothing of this nature can be rationally affirmed or any moral or political subject, iv. 80.
• Use, to be carefully attended to in most works of art, i. 154.
• • use and habit not causes of pleasure, i. 180.

• Vanity, nature and tendency of, iv. 26.
• Variation, beautiful, why, i. 239.
• Vastness, a cause of the sublime, i. 147.
• • unity why necessary to it, i. 219.
• Vattel, extracts from his Law of Nations, iv. 471.
• Venice, its restrictions with respect to offices of state, iv. 249.
• • origin of the republic, vii. 331.
  • acquires the island of Cyprus, vii. 428.
  • the only state in Europe which benefited by the Crusades, vii. 428.
• Verbal description, a means of raising a stronger emotion than painting, i. 133.
• Vice, the instances rare of an immediate transition to it from virtue, i. 421.
• Vices, obscure and vulgar ones sometimes blended with eminent talents, iv. 26.
• • in common society receive palliating names, xi. 177.
• Vicinity, civil, law of, what, v. 322.
• Virgil, his figure of Fame obscure, yet magnificent, i. 138.
• • remarks on his combination of images at the mouth of hell, i. 146.
  • an example from him of the sublime effect of an uncertain light, i. 161.
  • and of the cries of animals, i. 162.
  • and of powerful smells, i. 163.
  • his picture of the murder of Priam, i. 259.
  • of the Harpies, v. 187
• Virtue, how far the idea of beauty may be applied to it, i. 190.
• • description of the gradual extinguishment of it in public men, i. 421.
  • will catch, as well as vice by contact, ii. 242.
  • virtues which cause admiration, i. 188.
  • virtues which engage the heart, i. 188.
• Visual objects of great dimensions, why sublime, i. 217.
• • effects of succession in them explained, i. 222.
• Voters, more in the spirit of the English constitution to lessen than to enlarge their number, i. 370.

• Wages, the rate of them has no direct relation, to the price of provisions, v. 136.
• Wales, misgovernment of, by England, for two hundred years, ii. 148.
• • alteration of the system in the reign of Henry VIII., ii. 150.
• Wales, Frederick, Prince of, project of government devised in his court, i. 447.
• • means adopted for its introduction and recommendation to popular favor, i. 451, 453.
  • nature of the party formed for its support, i. 459.
  • name of this party, i. 466.
  • and of the new system, i. 466.
• Walpole, Mr., (afterwards Sir Robert,) his character, iv. 128.
• • extract from his speech in the trial of Dr. Sacheverell, iv. 129.
  • forced into the war with Spain by popular clamor, v. 288.
  • fault in his general proceeding, v. 289.
• War, its original may be very far from being its principal purpose, i. 298.
• • not easily reconciled with economy, i. 310.
  • the ground of a political war, laborers and manufacturers not capable of conceiving, v. 38.
  • of England with the French Republic, a war with an armed doctrine, v. 250.
  • can never be carried on long against the will of the people, v. 283.
  • general observations on, v. 318.
  • the power of making it, why put under the discretion of the crown, v. 335.
  • principle of the law of nations with regard to it, vi. 349.
• Warwick, Earl of, proceedings in his trial, xi. 32.
• Water, why venerated by the Druids, vii. 182.
• Weakness, human, in adversity, never pitied by those who applaud prosperous folly and guilt, iv. 183.
• Wealth, internal, consists in useful commodities as much as in gold and silver, i. 321.
• • of a country, a standard by which to estimate the character of the government, iii. 402.
  • can never rank first in England, iv. 327.
  • ought always to be the servant of virtue and public honor, v. 242.
  • remark of a foreigner on the display of it in the shops in London, v. 496.
• Whigs, the great connection of, in the reign of Queen Anne, i. 529.
• • the impeachment of Dr. Sacheverell, for what purpose carried on by them, iv. 119.
  • statement of the principles of the new Whigs, iv. 120, 151.
  • opinion of the new, with respect to the power of the people over the commonwealth, iv. 161.
  • Appeal from the New to the Old, iv. 57.
• Wilkes, Mr., his contest with the court party, i. 497.
• • pretence for punishing him, i. 500.
• Will and duty contradictory terms, iv. 165.
• • duty not subject to will, iv. 165.
• William of Normandy, the extraordinary facility of his conquest of England explained, vii. 288.
• • his numerous followers accounted for, vii. 333.
  • brief account of his reign, vii. 335.
  • view of his revenue, vii. 346.
  • his character, vii. 362.
• William Rufus, brief account of his reign, vii. 364.
• William III., his elevation to the throne an act not of choice, but of necessity, iii. 254.
• • his judicious appointments to the vacant bishoprics, iv. 14.
  • the spirited address of the Commons to him respecting the war with France, v. 296.
  • the Grand Alliance against France his masterpiece, v. 297.
  • his indomitable perseverance in pressing this measure, v. 299.
  • address of the House of Lords respecting it, v. 300.
• Wintoun, Lord, proceedings in his trial, xi. 22.
• Wisdom of the Son of Sirach, example of the sublime from that book, i. 155.
• Wishes, vehement, the discovery of them generally frustrates their attainment, v. 252.
• Wit and judgement, difference between them, i. 87.
• Words, the proper medium for conveying the affections of the mind, i. 133.
• • affect us in a manner very different from natural objects, painting, or architecture, i. 246.
  • three sorts of them, i. 247.
  • general words before ideas, i. 249.
  • effect of them, i. 250.
  • may affect without raising images, i. 252.
  • this exemplified in the case of the poet Blacklock, i. 252.
  • and of Saunderson, the mathematician, i. 253.
  • how words influence the passions, i. 258.
  • the only means by which many ideas have ever been at all presented to the senses, i. 259.
  • the source of a great part of the mischiefs that vex the world, vi. 397.
  • the world much influenced by them, xi. 172.
• Writers, when they act in a body and with one direction, have great influence on the public mind, iii. 380

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