libera = while yet free, emphatic. The State was no longer free when Augustus received this title, 2 B.C.—Duff.

247 frangebat vertice vitem = he had the vine-switch (rattan) broken on his head, i.e. served as a common soldier.—D.

248 dolabra = half-hatchet for cutting stakes, and half-pickaxe for digging the fossa. For dolabra, cf. Dolabella.

249 Cimbros, annihilated by Marius and Catulus near Vercellae, 101 B.C.

250 Excipit = faced (lit. is ready to receive); metaphor from field-sports.—D.

[B.] From a poem by Cicero on his fellow-townsman Marius.

Hic Iovis altisoni subito pinnata satelles

Arboris e trunco serpentis saucia morsu

Surrigit ipsa feris transfigens unguibus anguem

Semianimum et varia graviter cervice micantem.