The Reign of William Rufus and the Accession of Henry the First, Volume 1 (of 2)

by Edward A. Freeman

• La Chartre, castle of, ii. 275.
• La Ferté Saint Samson, castle of, surrendered to Rufus, i. [230].
• La Flèche,
  • Helias withdraws to, ii. 275;
  • castle of, ii. 276.
• La Houlme, castle of,
  • held by Rufus, i. [462];
  • taken by Robert, i. [465].
• La Lude, castle of, ii. 275.
• La Roche Guyon, castle of, ii. 180, 181.
• Lagman, son of Godred Crouan, ii. 137.
• Laigle, town of, i. 73 [(note)].
• Lambert, chaplain to Ida of Boulogne, ii. 581.
• Lambeth,
  • grant of, to Rochester, ii. 506;
  • given in exchange to Canterbury, ib.
• Land, tenure of, Flambard’s theory of, i. [337].
• Lanfranc,
  • his special agency in the accession of William Rufus, i. [10], [12], ii. 459;
  • his grief at the death of William the Conqueror, i. [15];
  • crowns William Rufus, [ib.];
  • binds him to follow his counsel, i. [16], ii. 460;
  • attends the Christmas assembly at Westminster, i. [18];
  • Odo’s hatred towards, i. [24], [53] (note);
  • his loyalty to William, i. [63];
  • his part in the meeting at Salisbury, i. [95], [119];
  • his view of vestments, i. [95];
  • his position as regards that of Bishop William, i. [97];
  • his answer to Bishop Geoffrey, i. [100];
  • to Bishop William, i. [105], [110];
  • interposes on his behalf, i. [113];
  • his death, i. [140];
  • its effect on William Rufus, i. [141], [142], 148 [(note)];
  • his position in England and Normandy, i. [141];
  • buried at Christ Church, i. [142];
  • his relations with William the Conqueror, i. [328];
  • compared with Anselm, i. [368], [456];
  • advises Anselm to become a monk of Bec, i. [371].
• Lanfranc, nephew of Archbishop Lanfranc, ii. 575.
• Laodikeia, Eadgar and Robert at, i. [564].
• Lateran,
  • Council of (1099), i. [607], [621];
  • destruction of the apse, i. 607 [(note)].
• Leckhampsted, lands at, taken from Abingdon Abbey, ii. 665.
• Legitimacy, growth of the doctrine of, i. [280].
• Le Hardy,
  • M. Gaston, quoted, i. 145 [(note)];
  • his apology for Duke Robert, i. 175 [(note)].
• Leicester,
  • college at, founded by Robert of Meulan, ii. 420;
  • foundation of the abbey, ib.;
  • churches at, ii. 420 (note).
• Leicester, earldom of, its origin, ii. 418.
• Le Mans,
  • temporal relations of the bishopric, i. [207];
  • under an interdict, ii. 199;
  • claims of the Norman dukes over the bishopric, ii. 200, 212;
  • Howel’s buildings at, ii. 205;
  • Pope Urban’s visit to, ib.;
  • welcomes Duke Robert’s host, i. [209];
  • new municipality of, ii. 226;
  • garrisoned by Fulk, ii. 232, 628;
  • besieged by Rufus, ii. 233–235;
  • siege of, raised, ii. 235;
  • submits to Rufus, ii. 238, 628;
  • fortresses of, ii. 239, 631;
  • entry of Rufus into the town, ii. 240;
  • description of the church, ib.;
  • recovered by Helias, ii. 278;
  • the castles still held for Rufus, ii. 279;
  • compared with the deliverance of York, ib.;
  • burning of, ii. 280;
  • modern destruction at, ii. 281 (note);
  • William’s march against, ii. 287;
  • flight of the citizens, ii. 288;
  • William’s treatment of, ii. 295, 296;
  • orders the destruction of the towers of Saint Julian’s, ii. 297, 654;
  • description of the towers, ii. 299, 655;
  • return of Helias to, ii. 370;
  • action of the garrison, ii. 370–373;
  • palace of the counts at, ii. 632, 656;
  • dates of the building, ii. 632–639, 656;
  • burning of, ii. 638.
• Leofwine, Dean of Durham, ii. 605.
• Lewes,
  • held by William of Warren, i. [59];
  • customs of, i. 59 [(note)];
  • William of Warren’s death and burial at, i. 62 [(note)], [76].
• Lewis VI. of France (the Fat), ii. 170;
  • Bertrada’s schemes against him, ii. 174;
  • grant of the Vexin to, ii. 175;
  • refuses to cede the Vexin to William Rufus, ii. 176;
  • his difficulties in the war with William, ii. 178;
  • betrothed to a daughter of Guy the Red Knight, ii. 519;
  • his letter to Anselm, ii. 580.
• Lewis IX. of France (Saint Lewis),
  • his ordinance against blasphemy, i. [167];
  • his walls at Rouen, i. [252].
• Ligulf, father of Morkere, ii. 605.
• Limoges, massacre of, i. 173 [(note)].
• Lincoln,
  • its connexion with Norway, ii. 134;
  • Jews at, i. 160 [(note)];
  • prevalence of the slave-trade at, i. [310];
  • completion of the minster, [ib.];
  • Thomas of York claims jurisdiction over, i. [311], [433];
  • consecration delayed by the death of Remigius, i. [312];
  • see kept vacant by Rufus, i. [356], [381];
  • jurisdiction over again claimed by Thomas of York, i. [433];
  • compromise concerning, i. [447].
• Lindesey, jurisdiction of, claimed by Thomas of York, i. [311].
• Lindisfarn, Isle of, ii. 50 (note).
• Llancarfan, church of, granted to Gloucester abbey, ii. 84.
• Llandaff, see of, ii. 86, 89.
• Llanrhidian Castle, ii. 103.
• Llantrissant, ii. 88.
• Llantwit, church of, granted to Tewkesbury, ii. 84.
• Llywelyn, son of Cadwgan, his death, ii. 301.
• Loir, Castle of the. See [Château-du-Loir].
• London,
  • Jews settle in, i. [160];
  • great wind and fire in, i. [308];
  • buildings of William Rufus in, ii. 258, 261;
  • growth of its greatness, ii. 261;
  • dogs of, mentioned by Hugh of Flavigny, ii. 589.
• London Bridge, ii. 259, 260, 261.
• London, Tower of. See [Tower of London].
• Longueville, castle of, surrendered to Rufus, i. [231].
• Lonlay Abbey, foundation charter of, ii. 539.
• Lords, House of,
  • foreshadowed by the inner Council of the Witan, i. [603];
  • gradual developement of, ii. 58.
• Losinga, origin of the name, ii. 570.
• Lothian, question as to the homage of Malcolm for, i. [303], ii. 541 et seq.
• Luca, per vultum de,
  • favourite oath of William Rufus, i. [108], [112], [164], [289], [391], 511 [(note)], ii. 61 (note), 503, 650;
  • meaning of the phrase, ii. 503.
• Lucan, whether quoted by Rufus, ii. 642, 647.
• Lugubalia. See [Carlisle].
• Lund, archbishopric of, ii. 582.
• Lurçon, castle of, ii. 216.

M.

• Mabel, wife of Earl Roger, poisons Arnold of Escalfoi and seizes on Saint Cenery, i. [215].
• Mabel, daughter of Robert Fitz-hamon, marries Robert of Gloucester, ii. 83.
• Maelgwyn, i. [124].
• Magnus Barefoot, king of Norway,
  • his expedition into Britain, ii. 133 et seq., 617–624;
  • character of his reign, ii. 133;
  • his surnames, ib.;
  • professes friendship for England, ib.;
  • his sons, ib.;
  • his treasure at Lincoln, ii. 134, 624;
  • his designs on Ireland, ii. 136, 141, 620;
  • his alleged Irish marriage, ii. 136, 622;
  • his voyage among the islands, ii. 136, 140–142;
  • legend of him and Saint Olaf, ii. 139;
  • seizes the Earls of Orkney, ii. 140;
  • grants the earldom to Sigurd, ib.;
  • his dealings with Galloway, ii. 141;
  • occupies Man, ib.;
  • approaches Anglesey, ii. 143, 619, 621;
  • kills Hugh of Shrewsbury, ii. 144, 620, 621;
  • makes peace with Hugh of Chester, ii. 145;
  • his designs on Anglesey, ib.;
  • his dealings with King Murtagh, ii. 146, 622;
  • and with Scotland, ii. 147;
  • Arnulf of Montgomery negotiates with, ii. 426;
  • his second voyage round Britain, ii. 442;
  • his castle-building in Man, ib.;
  • refuses help to Robert of Bellême, ii. 443, 623, 624;
  • his death, ii. 451;
  • described as “rex Germaniæ,” ii. 619, 620.
• Magnus, Saint, murdered by Hakon, ii. 582.
• Maine,
  • history of, under the Conqueror, i. [203];
  • dissatisfaction in, under Robert, i. [204];
  • alleged derivation of its name, i. [205];
  • submits to Robert, i. [209];
  • stipulation about, in the treaty of Caen, i. [277], ii. 524;
  • men of, send for Hugh son of Azo as their ruler, ii. 195;
  • revolts against Robert, ii. 197;
  • peace of, under Helias, ii. 204;
  • cession of, demanded by William Rufus, ii. 208;
  • his designs on, ii. 213;
  • attacked by Robert of Bellême, ib.;
  • geographical character of the war, ii. 214;
  • beginning of the war of William Rufus in, ii. 167, 215;
  • castles of Robert of Bellême in, ii. 216;
  • teaching of its landscapes, ii. 219;
  • castles of, ii. 219–221;
  • contrasted with England, ii. 220;
  • general submission of, to William Rufus, ii. 241;
  • extent of his conquests in, ii. 245;
  • southern part harried by Rufus, ii. 288;
  • no bribery in, ii. 290;
  • later fortune of, ii. 374.
• Malchus, Bishop of Waterford, consecrated by Anselm, i. [544].
• Malcolm III., King of Scots,
  • invades Northumberland, i. [295];
  • driven back, i. [296];
  • his relations with Robert, i. [297];
  • meets William Rufus at Scots’ Water, i. [301];
  • negotiates with him through Robert, i. [302];
  • two versions of the negotiations, i. [302]–304, ii. 540–545;
  • his alleged homage to Robert, i. [302], ii. 542;
  • question as to his earlier betrothal to Margaret, i. [303], ii. 542;
  • as to the homage for Lothian, i. [303], ii. 541 et seq.;
  • does homage to Rufus, i. [304], ii. 541;
  • his correspondence with Wulfstan, i. [479];
  • his complaints against Rufus, ii. 8;
  • summoned to Gloucester, ii. 9, 590;
  • lays one of the foundation-stones of Durham Abbey, ii. 11;
  • much of his dominions in Durham diocese, ii. 12;
  • Rufus refuses to see him at Gloucester, i. [410], ii. 13, 590;
  • dispute between them, ii. 13;
  • returns to Scotland, ii. 14;
  • invades England, ii. 15, 592;
  • English feeling towards, ii. 16, 595;
  • slain at Alnwick, i. [410], ii. 5, 16, 592;
  • alleged treachery towards him, ii. 16, 592 et seq.;
  • his burial at Tynemouth, ii. 17;
  • translated to Dunfermline, ii. 18;
  • local estimate of his death, ii. 19;
  • his devotion to Margaret, ii. 20;
  • acts as her interpreter, ii. 23;
  • his visit to Romsey, ii. 31, 600;
  • what languages he spoke, ii. 591.
• Malling, Gundulf’s tower at, i. [70].
• Malpeter, Mormaor of Mærne, ii. 36.
• Malvoisin, towers so called, use of, ii. 51, 435, 520, 608.
• Mamers, castle of, ii. 216, 217.
• Man,
  • the centre of Godred Crouan’s dominion, ii. 136;
  • civil war in, ii. 138;
  • occupied by Magnus, ii. 141, 619;
  • his designs with regard to, ii. 142, 620;
  • his castle-building in, ii. 442.
• Manorbeer Castle, birthplace of Giraldus, ii. 95.
• Mantes,
  • granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. 175;
  • claimed by William Rufus, ii. 176.
• Margam Abbey, ii. 89.
• Margaret, daughter of Eadward,
  • question as to her earlier betrothal to Malcolm, i. [303], ii. 542;
  • her correspondence with Wulfstan, i. [479];
  • her character, ii. 20;
  • her influence on Malcolm, ii. 20, 23;
  • her education of their children, ii. 21;
  • her reforms, ii. 22;
  • increases the pomp of the Scottish court, ii. 23;
  • Scottish feeling towards, ii. 25, 28, 597;
  • hears of her husband’s death, ii. 26, 592, 594;
  • versions of her death, ii. 26–28;
  • her burial at Dunfermline, ii. 28, 597.
• Margaret of Mortagne, wife of Henry of Warwick, ii. 348.
• Marriage, lord’s right of,
  • growth of, under Rufus, i. [336];
  • peculiar to England and Normandy, i. [340];
  • restrained by the charter of Henry I., ii. 353.
• Mary, daughter of Malcolm,
  • brought up in Romsey Abbey, ii. 31, 598;
  • marries Eustace of Boulogne, ii. 31.
• Matilda of Flanders, Queen,
  • lands of, claimed by Henry, i. [195], [197];
  • they are granted to Robert Fitz-hamon, i. [198].
• Matilda, or Eadgyth, Queen, wife of Henry I.,
  • her sojourn at Romsey, ii. 31, 599;
  • her relations with Henry, ib.;
  • tale of her and William Rufus, ii. 32, 600;
  • sought in marriage by Alan of Richmond, ii. 602;
  • sought in marriage by Henry, ii. 31, 382;
  • her beauty and learning, ii. 382;
  • policy of the marriage, ii. 383;
  • wishes to appoint Eadwulf abbot of Malmesbury, ii. 383 (note);
  • objections to the marriage, ii. 384, 683;
  • appeals to Anselm, ib.;
  • declared free to marry, ii. 385;
  • other versions of the story, ii. 385–387, 683 et seq.;
  • later fables about her marriage, ii. 387, 684, 685;
  • her marriage and coronation, ii. 387, 388;
  • takes the name of Matilda, ii. 305, 388;
  • her nickname of Godgifu, ii. 389;
  • her children, ib.;
  • her character, ii. 390;
  • known as “good Queen Mold,” ii. 391;
  • Robert’s generosity to her, ii. 406;
  • baptized by the name of Eadgyth, ii. 598;
  • god-daughter of Duke Robert, ii. 602.
• Matilda, Empress, daughter of Henry I. and Matilda, ii. 389.
• Matilda, wife of Stephen, and granddaughter of Malcolm, ii. 31.
• Matilda, Abbess of Caen, Anselm’s letter to, ii. 579.
• Matilda, Countess of Perche, natural daughter of Henry the First, ii. 379.
• Matilda, wife of Helias of La Flèche, ii. 196.
• Matilda of Laigle,
  • marries Robert of Mowbray, i. 243 [(note)], ii. 38;
  • holds out at Bamburgh, ii. 54, 609;
  • yields to save her husband’s eyes, ii. 54;
  • her second marriage and divorce, ii. 55, 612.
• Matilda, wife of William of Bellême, signs the foundation-charter of Lonlay Abbey, ii. 539.
• Matilda, daughter of Waltheof, marries David of Scotland, ii. 124.
• Matilda of Wallingford, her foundation at Oakburn, i. 376 [(note)].
• Matthew, Count of Beaumont, helps to defend Courcy, ii. 519.
• Matthew Paris, his version of the accession of William Rufus, ii. 461.
• Maule, fortress of, ii. 251, 253.
• Maurice, Bishop of London,
  • his dispute with Anselm, i. [440];
  • crowns Henry I., ii. 350, 681;
  • his signature to Henry’s charter, ii. 358;
  • false story of his approaching death brought to Flambard, ii. 560.
• Mayet Castle, ii. 196;
  • strengthened by Helias, ii. 275;
  • siege of, ii. 289–294, 652;
  • raising of the siege, ii. 294, 653;
  • description of, ii. 652.
• Mediolanum. See [Evreux].
• Mercenaries,
  • employment of under William Rufus, i. [134], [153], [226], ii. 496;
  • their presence tends to promote the fusion of English and Normans, i. [134];
  • their wrong-doings, i. [154], ii. 498;
  • statute of Henry I. against, ib.
• Meredydd, son of Bleddyn,
  • becomes the man of Robert of Bellême, ii. 424;
  • his action on his behalf, ii. 442.
• Merewine of Chester-le-Street, signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Meulan, importance of its position, ii. 183.
• Mevania. See [Anglesey].
• Milford Haven, ii. 95.
• Mona. See [Anglesey].
• Monacledin, Duncan slain at, ii. 36 (note).
• Monarches, use of the title, ii. 484.
• Montacute (near Saint Cenery), castle of, besieged by Duke Robert and destroyed, i. 469 [(note)].
• Montacute Priory, ii. 120.
• Mont Barbé, castle of, at Le Mans, i. [239], [361].
• Montbizot, ii. 232.
• Mont-de-la-Nue, castle of, ii. 216.
• Montfort l’Amaury,
  • fortress of, ii. 251, 253;
  • church of, ii. 254;
  • defended by the younger Simon, ib.
• Montgomery (in Wales),
  • castle of, ii. 77;
  • taken by the Welsh, ii. 104.
• Morel,
  • slays Malcolm, ii. 16, 593;
  • plunders Norwegian ships, ii. 40;
  • holds out at Bamburgh, ii. 54, 610;
  • turns king’s-evidence, ii. 55;
  • his end, ii. 69;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Moreldene, ii. 17.
• Morgan, son of Jestin, ii. 81 (note).
• Morganwg,
  • distinguished from Glamorgan, ii. 85;
  • conquest of, see [Glamorgan].
• Morkere, son of Ælfgar,
  • re-imprisoned by William, i. [13], [14];
  • his signature to a charter of William of Saint-Calais, i. 14 [(note)].
• Moses of Canterbury, ii. 573.
• Motte de Gauthier-le-Clincamp, castle of, ii. 216.
• Mowbray Castle, granted to Nigel of Albini, ii. 612.
• Murtagh, Muirchertach, or Murchard,
  • calls himself king of Ireland, i. [544];
  • Anselm’s letters to, i. 545 [(note)], ii. 581;
  • his answer to the threat of William Rufus, ii. 94;
  • drives Godred Crouan out of Dublin, ii. 137;
  • sends Donald to the Sudereys, ib.;
  • his dealings with Magnus of Norway, ii. 146, 622, 624;
  • marries his daughter to Sigurd, ii. 136, 146, 443, 622;
  • Arnulf of Montgomery’s dealings with, ii. 425, 426, 442.
• Mutilation, feeling with regard to, i. 548 [(note)], ii. 64.

N.

• Neath, borough and abbey of, ii. 88, 89.
• Neauphlé-le-Château, ii. 251;
  • defended by the elder Simon of Montfort, ii. 253.
• Nest, wife of Bernard of Newmarch,
  • her descent, ii. 90;
  • her faithlessness to her husband, ii. 91;
  • her grant to Battle Abbey, ii. 91 (note).
• Nest,
  • wife of Gerald of Windsor, ii. 97, 110 (note);
  • her relations with Henry I., ii. 97, 110 (note), 379.
• Nest, daughter of Jestin, marries Einion, ii. 80.
• Neufchâtel-en-Bray, i. 236 [(note)].
• Neuilly, Robert of Bellême imprisoned at, i. [199].
• Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
  • defended by Robert of Mowbray, ii. 46;
  • taken by William Rufus, ii. 47, 607.
• New Forest,
  • its supposed connexion with the Saxon colony at Carlisle, i. [316], ii. 550;
  • death of Richard son of Duke Robert there, ii. 316;
  • various versions of the death of William Rufus in, ii. 325 et seq.
• Nicolas, Bishop of Llandaff, his charter, ii. 84 (note).
• Nidaros. See [Trondhjem].
• Nigel of Albini,
  • his marriages, ii. 55, 612;
  • Mowbray Castle granted to, ii. 612.
• Nithing Proclamation of William, i. [78].
• Nivard of Septeuil, ii. 252.
• Nomenclature of Wales compared with that of England, ii. 75.
• Nomenclature, personal, illustrations of, ii. 489, 551, 577.
• Norham Castle, founded by Flambard, ii. 272.
• Norman Conquest,
  • at once completed and undone under Rufus and under Henry I., i. [3], [7], [130], ii. 456;
  • England reconciled to it by Henry I., ii. 456;
  • compared with that of Wales, ii. 72.
• Norman nobles,
  • revolt against William Rufus, i. [22] et seq., ii. 465 et seq.;
  • refuse to attend the Easter Gemôt, i. [32];
  • amnesty granted to, by Rufus, i. [88];
  • accepted as Englishmen, i. [132];
  • some loyal to Rufus, i. [62];
  • second revolt of, ii. 37.
• Normandy,
  • chief seat of warfare in the reign of Rufus, i. [178];
  • contrasted with England, [ib.];
  • temptations for the invasion of Rufus, i. [188];
  • under Robert, i. [189], [190];
  • spread of vice in, i. [192];
  • building of castles in, [ib.];
  • its rivalry with France, i. [201];
  • Rufus’s invasion of, agreed to by the Witan, i. [222]–224;
  • its relations with England and France, i. [240];
  • private wars in, i. [241]–244;
  • Orderic’s picture of, i. [271];
  • Rufus crosses over to, i. [273];
  • compared with England, i. [468];
  • her share in the first crusade, i. [547];
  • pledged to Rufus by Robert, i. [555];
  • Rufus takes possession of, i. [566];
  • his rule in, i. [567], [569], [570];
  • renewed anarchy in, on his death, ii. 366.
• Normannus. See [Northman].
• Normans and English,
  • fusion of, i. [130], [134], ii. 401, 455;
  • use of the words, ii. 649.
• Northallerton, church of, granted to the monks of Durham, i. [535].
• Northampton,
  • architectural arrangements of the castle, i. [601];
  • constitution of the Council of 1164, i. [602].
• Northman, monk of Christ Church, i. 140 [(note)].
• Northumberland, invaded by Malcolm, i. [296].
• Norwich, see of Thetford moved to, i. [449]; ii. 569.

O.

• Oakburn, a cell of Bec, i. 376 [(note)].
• Odo, Bishop of Bayeux,
  • restored to his earldom, i. [19], ii. 467;
  • his discontent and intrigues, i. [23], [24], ii. 465;
  • his hatred towards Lanfranc, i. [24], [53] (note);
  • his harangue against William Rufus, i. [26], ii. 466;
  • his ravages in Kent, i. [52];
  • occupies Rochester Castle, i. [55];
  • invites Robert over, i. [56];
  • hated by the English, i. [67], [86];
  • moves to Pevensey, i. [70];
  • besieged therein by Rufus, i. [72]–76;
  • surrenders on favourable terms, i. [76];
  • his treachery at Rochester, i. [77];
  • besieged therein, i. [79];
  • agrees to surrender, i. [80];
  • Rufus refuses his terms, i. [81];
  • pleadings made for, i. [83];
  • terms granted to, by Rufus, i. [85];
  • his humiliation and banishment, i. [85]–87;
  • his influence with Duke Robert, i. [199];
  • his exhortation to him, i. [200];
  • marches with him into Maine, i. [208];
  • his further schemes, i. [211];
  • goes on the first crusade, i. [560];
  • his death and tomb at Palermo, i. [563], [571], ii. 307;
  • said to have married Philip and Bertrada, ii. 172.
• Odo, Abbot of Chertsey,
  • resigns his abbey, i. [350];
  • restored by Henry, [ib.]
• Odo of Champagne, lord of Holderness,
  • part of the lands of the see of Durham granted to, i. [90];
  • his agreement with the Bishop, i. [93];
  • intervenes on his behalf, i. [109], [117], [120];
  • confiscation of his lands, ii. 66.
• Odo, Duke of Burgundy, his alleged scheme against Anselm, i. [606].
• Ogmore Castle, ii. 86.
• Olaf, Saint, legend of him and Magnus, ii. 139.
• Olaf, son of Godred Crouan, ii. 137, 623.
• Oldbury, ii. 155.
• Omens, William Rufus sneers at the English regard for, ii. 330.
• Ordeal,
  • contempt of William Rufus for, i. [157], [165];
  • Eadmer’s belief in, i. 166 [(note)].
• Orderic,
  • writes Robert of Rhuddlan’s epitaph, i. [128];
  • his picture of Normandy, i. [271];
  • dictates his writings, i. 272 [(note)];
  • his account of the expedition of Magnus, ii. 142;
  • the only writer who mentions Eadgyth-Matilda’s change of name, ii. 687.
• Ordgar,
  • his charge against Eadgar Ætheling, ii. 115, 617;
  • story of his duel with Godwine, ii. 115–117, 617;
  • estimate of the story, ii. 117, 615;
  • notices of, in Domesday, ii. 616.
• Ordwine, monk, Anselm’s letters to, ii. 579.
• Orkneys, invaded by Magnus, ii. 140.
• Orm, priest, signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Orm’s Head, the, origin of the name, i. 123 [(note)].
• Orricus de Stanton, ii. 555.
• Osbern, monk of Bec, various bearers of the name, i. 374 [(note)].
• Osbern, brother of Flambard, ii. 551.
• Osbern of Orgères, companion of Robert of Rhuddlan, i. [126].
• Osbern of Richard’s Castle, rebels against William Rufus, i. [33].
• Osgod Clapa, his irreverence towards Saint Eadmund, ii. 268.
• Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury,
  • sent with a summons to Bishop William, i. [116];
  • consecrates his cathedral, i. [309];
  • helps at the consecration of the church of Battle, i. [444];
  • absolved by Anselm for his conduct at Rockingham, i. [533];
  • Anselm confers with him at Winchester, i. [586];
  • receives William of Alderi’s confession, ii. 68;
  • not present at his hanging, ib.;
  • his death, i. [351], ii. 302;
  • his signature to the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Oswald, Saint, King of the Northumbrians,
  • rebuilds the church of Tynemouth, ii. 17, 604;
  • his relic at Bamburgh, ii. 49, 608.
• Oswine, King of Deira,
  • his martyrdom, ii. 17;
  • invention of his relics, ii. 18, 603;
  • his translation, ii. 18, 606.
• Outillé Castle,
  • strengthened by Helias, ii. 275;
  • burned by him, ii. 288.
• Owen, son of Edwin, ii. 424.
• Oystermouth Castle, ii. 103.

P.

• Padua, siege of, i. 173 [(note)].
• Pagan or Theobald,
  • fortifies Gisors, ii. 186;
  • taken prisoner by Lewis, ii. 186 (note), 190;
  • Gisors restored to, ii. 396.
• Pagan of Montdoubleau,
  • holds Ballon against Duke Robert, i. [209];
  • Orderic’s tale of his forsaking Saint Cenery, i. 469 [(note)];
  • betrays Ballon to William Rufus, ii. 235.
• Pagan of Turberville,
  • holds Coyty, ii. 87;
  • joins the Welsh, ii. 104.
• Palermo, death and tomb of Odo of Bayeux at, i. [563], [571], ii. 307.
• Palgrave, Sir F.,
  • on chivalry, ii. 508;
  • his condemnation of the crusades, ii. 509;
  • on the alleged Domesday of Randolf Flambard, ii. 562–564;
  • his belief in the legend about Purkis, ii. 679.
• Pallium,
  • elder usage as to, i. [482];
  • not needful for the validity of archiepiscopal acts, i. [483].
• Papacy, English feeling as to the schism in, i. [415].
• Paschal II., Pope,
  • speech of William Rufus on his election, i. [623];
  • Anselm’s letters to, ii. 582.
• Paul, Abbot of Saint Alban’s,
  • Anselm’s friendship with, i. [424];
  • his death, i. [424], ii. 18.
• Paul, Earl of Orkney,
  • taken prisoner by Magnus, ii. 140;
  • his death in Norway, ii. 140, 581.
• Paula, mother of Helias of La Flèche, ii. 196.
• Peckham manor,
  • mortgaged by Anselm to the monks of Christ Church, i. [559];
  • kept by the monks, i. [596].
• Peers, their right of trial, i. 604 [(note)].
• Pembroke Castle,
  • description of, ii. 96;
  • begun by Arnulf of Montgomery, ib.;
  • later castle, ib.;
  • defended by Gerald of Windsor, ii. 101, 108;
  • surrendered to Henry I. by Arnulf, ii. 450 (note);
  • grant of, by Henry I., ii. 451.
• Pembrokeshire,
  • Flemish settlement in, ii. 70 (note), 74, 88, 615;
  • building of castles in, ii. 93;
  • military character of its buildings, ii. 96.
• Penmon Priory, ii. 129, 130 (note).
• Penrice Castle, ii. 103.
• Percy, house of, beginning of its connexion with Alnwick, ii. 15, 596.
• Perray, castle of, ii. 216.
• Peter of Maule, ii. 252.
• Peterborough, monks of, buy a congé d’élire of Rufus, i. [352].
• Pevensey,
  • held by Robert of Mortain, i. [53], [62];
  • Odo moves to, i. [70];
  • castle of, i. [72];
  • besieged by William Rufus, i. [73]–76;
  • attempted landing of the Normans at, i. [74], ii. 468, 481;
  • surrenders, i. [76];
  • Henry I. gathers his fleet at, ii. 404.
• Philip I. of France,
  • marches with Robert against Eu, i. [238];
  • bought off by William Rufus, i. [239];
  • historical importance of this bribe, [ib.];
  • mediates between William Rufus and Robert, i. [275], ii. 522;
  • helps Robert against William, i. [463];
  • returns to France, i. [464];
  • bought off by William, i. [466];
  • his position compared with that of Helias of Maine, ii. 169;
  • rebuked by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, i. 559 [(note)];
  • puts away his first wife, ii. 171;
  • seeks Emma of Sicily in marriage, ii. 171 (note);
  • his adulterous marriage with Bertrada of Montfort, i. [548], ii. 171, 172;
  • denounced by Hugh of Lyons, ii. 173;
  • his excommunication, i. [549], ii. 173;
  • his pretended divorce, ii. 173 (note);
  • his sons by Bertrada, ii. 174;
  • grants the Vexin to Lewis, ii. 175;
  • his letter to Anselm, ii. 580.
• Philip, son of Philip and Bertrada, ii. 174.
• Philip of Braose, supports William Rufus, i. [472].
• Philip, son of Roger of Montgomery,
  • goes on the first crusade, i. [552];
  • conspires against William Rufus, ii. 38;
  • signs the Durham charter, ii. 536.
• Piacenza,
  • Council of, i. [522], [545];
  • no mention of English affairs at, i. [522].
• Pipe Rolls, notices of nomenclature in, ii. 551.
• Poix, lordship of Walter Tirel, ii. 673.
• Ponthieu, acquired by Robert of Bellême, ii. 423.
• Pontlieue, victory of Helias at, ii. 278.
• Pontoise,
  • granted to Lewis by Philip, ii. 175;
  • claimed by William Rufus, ii. 176;
  • withstands William Rufus, ii. 185;
  • castle and town of, ii. 247;
  • the furthest point in the French campaign of William Rufus, ii. 248.
• Pope,
  • William of Saint-Calais appeals to, i. [103], [109];
  • first appeal made to, i. [119];
  • not to be acknowledged without the king’s consent, i. [414];
  • Anselm insists on the acknowledgement, i. [416];
  • question left unsettled, i. [424];
  • no reference to, in the case of English episcopal appointments, i. [425];
  • position of England towards, i. [496].
• Porchester,
  • Duke Robert lands at, ii. 405;
  • church and castle of, ii. 406 (note).
• Powys, advance of Earl Roger in, ii. 97.
• Prisoners, ransom of, i. [464].
• Purkis, the charcoal-burner, legend of, ii. 679.

Q.