KINGS AND NOBLES
Titles of the Emperors of the Chou dynasty—The word "King" in modern times—Posthumous names—The title "Emperor" and the word "Imperial"—"God" confused with "Emperor"—Lao-tsz's view— Comparison with Babylonia, Egypt, etc.—No feudal prince was recognized by the Emperor as possessing the same title as the Emperor—The Roman Emperors—The five ranks of nobles—The Emperor's private "dukes" compared with cardinals—The state of Lu—The state of Ts'i—The state of Tsin—No race hatreds in China—The state of Wei—Clanship between dynasties—Sacrificial rights—The state of Cheng: a fighting ground for all—The state of Ch'en—Explanation of the term "duke" as applied to all sovereign princes.
CHAPTER XXV
VASSALS AND EMPEROR
The vassal princes of the Chou and previous dynasties—Vassal princes and their relations with the Emperors—Protectors make great show of defending the Emperors rights—The Emperor's sacrifices to God—Rules and rights concerning fees—All China belongs to the Emperor—Peculiar notions about the Emperor's territory—Respect due to imperial envoys—Direct and indirect vassals—Ts'u's group of vassals—Ts'u compared with Macedon— Never subject to the Emperors—Right of passage for armies— Special complimentary use of the term "viscount"—Titles not inherited during mourning—Forms of address—Rival Protectors and their respective subordinate states—Tribute from the states to the Emperor, and presents from the Emperor to the vassal states— The Emperor accepts faits accomplis, and takes what he can get.
CHAPTER XXVI
FIGHTING STATE PERIOD
Period of fighting states—Tsin divided into Han, Ngwei, and Chao- Ts'in developing herself in Tartary and in Sz Ch'wan—Want of orderly method in Chinese history—How the statesmen of each vassal state developed resources—Ts'in's military development compared with that of Prussia from 1815 to 1870—"Perpendicular and Horizontal" period—Object to crush Ts'in—Rival claimants for universal empire—First appearance of the Huns or Turks-Helpless position of Old China—Bloody battles in Ts'in's final career of conquest—A million men decapitated—Immense cavalry fights- Ts'in's supreme effort for conquest of China.