The coast states in possession of the Yang-tsz delta—The state of Wu really of the same origin as the imperial dynasty of Chou— Comparison with Phoenician colonists—Wu induced by Tsin to attack Ts'a-Ancient name was Keugu—Wu falls into the whirl of Chinese politics—Confucius and his contemptuous treatment of barbarians-Lu, in South Shan Tung, the place where Confucius held official posts—Great Britain and Duke Confucius—Five ranks for rulers of vassal states—Sacking of the Ts'u capital by Wu in 506 B.C.—Wu's vassal Yüeh turns against Wu—Uviet the native name of Yüeh—Bloody wars between Wu and Yiieh—Extinction of Wu in 483 B.C.—Yüeh was always a coast power—Reasons for Confucius' endeavours to re-establish the old feudal system
CHAPTER VIII
FIRST PROTECTOR OF CHINA
The first Hegemon or Protector of China and his own vassal kingdom of Ts'i—Limits of Ts'i and ancient course of the Yellow River— Absence of ancient records—Shiftings of capital in the ninth century B.C.—Emperor's collapse of 842 and its effect upon Ts'i— Aid rendered by Ts'i in suppressing the Tartars—Inconsiderable size of Ts'i—Revenges a judicial murder two centuries old—Rapid rise of Ts'i and services of the statesman—philosopher Kwan-tsz— The governing caste in China—Declares self Protector of China 679 B.C.—Tartar raids down to the Yellow River in Ho Nan-Chinese durbars and the duties of a Protector—Ts'in and Ts'u too far off or too busy for orthodox durbars—Little is now known of the puppet Emperor's dominions—Effeminate character of all the Central Chinese orthodox stales—Fighting instincts all with semi- Chinese states—Struggle for life becoming keener throughout China
CHAPTER IX
POSITION OF ENVOYS
Sanctity of envoys—Rivalry of Tsin north and Ts'u south for influence over orthodox centre—The state of CHÊNG (imperial clan)—The state of Sung (Shang dynasty clan)—Family sacrifices— Instances of envoy treatment—The philosopher Yen-tsz: his irony— The statesman Tsz-ch'an of CHÊNG—Ts'u's barbarous and callous conduct to envoys—Greed for valuables among high officers— squabble for precedence at Peace Conference—Confucius manipulates history—Yen-& and Confucius together at attempted assassination
CHAPTER X
THE SECOND PROTECTOR
Death of First Protector and his henchman Kwan-tsz, 648-643 B.C.— Ts'i succession and Sung's claim to Protectorate—Tartar influence in Ts'i—Ts'u's claim to the hegemony—Ridiculous orthodox chivalry—Great development of Tsin—A much-married ruler— Marriage complications—Interesting story of the political wanderings of the Second Protector—Tries to replace Kwan-tsz deceased—Pleasures of Ts'i life—Mean behaviour of orthodox princes to the Wanderer—Frank attitude of Ts'u—Successive Tartar-born rulers of Tsin, and war with T&n—Second Protector gains his own Tsin throne—Puppet Emperor at a durbar—Tsin obtains cession of territory—Triangular war between the Powers— Description of the political situation—China 2500 years ago beginning to move as she is now doing again