[8] VINCENT: In the Shadow of the Pyrenees. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
[9] Ganelon was the traitor and Roland's own step-father. The lines quoted are from the late version by JOHN O'HAGAN, outlined in an article in the Edinburgh Review to whose appreciative commentary much indebtedness is acknowledged.
[10] Peninsular War.
[11] FIELD: Old Spain and New Spain.
[12] Gave is the generic name among the Pyrenees for a mountain stream or torrent.
[13] In 1620.
[14] Anciently written Ortayse, afterward Orthès.
[15] The genuineness of the present shell has frequently been questioned; but the testimony of LAGRÈZE has now fairly established the story of its preservation.
[16] ELLIOTT: Old Court Life in France.
[17] Tour Through the Pyrenees.