James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

by Edwin James; Stephen H. Long; Thomas Say

December 5th, fall of rain 1-16th of an inch.

{lviii} Meteorological Register {lix} for the Month of JANUARY, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	16	N.W.	22	N.W.	20	N.W.	19	12	Little snow fell to-day	28.58	28.77	28.87	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs.	—
2	13	N.W.	24	N.W.	18	N.W.	18	21		29.00	28.91	29.00	Ns,	—	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—
3	4	S.E.	35	S.E.	28	N.W.	22	—	Mild and fair	28.98	28.76	28.87	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	Fair	—
4	13	N.E.	31	N.W.	21	N.W.	21	26		29.04	28.97	29.03	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	C,	W.
5	0	S.E.	24	S.E.	19	S.E.	14	25	Fresh winds	29.19	29.02	29.04	C,	N.W.	Fair	—	Fair	—
6	20	S.E.	32	S.E.	28	S.E.	26	18	A little snow at evening	28.88	28.74	28.66	Cs.	N.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
7	16	N.W.	40	Calm	35	N.W.	30	23	Thawing	28.60	28.44	28.57	Cs,	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
8	24	N.W.	32	N.N.E.	27	N.W.	27	35	Snow in flakes at evening	28.80	28.74	28.85	Cs.	—	Ns.	N.E.	Ns.	—
9	7	N.N.W.	14	N.W.	14	N.W.	11	35	Windy. Snow ½ inch last night	29.14	29.04	29.10	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
10	-8	N.W.	3	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-3	27	Windy. Slight snow last night	29.15	29.12	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
11	-16	N.W.	-2	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-7	29	Moderate wind	29.48	29.27	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
12	7	S.E.	32	S.E.	36	N.W.	25	22	Strong wind, A.M. Little rain and snow, P.M.	28.63	28.58	28.62	Ns.	W.N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
13	10	N.W.	17	N.W.	13	N.W.	13	17	Snow, P.M.	28.77	28.75	28.78	Ns	N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
14	2	N.W.	21	N.W.	-1	N.W.	8	26	Fresh wd. Snow 6 inches last night	28.97	28.97	29.13	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	C,	—
15	-14	N.W.	-5	N.	-5	N.	-8	31	Fresh wind	29.40	29.40	29.40	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
16	-9	N.W.	4	N.W.	1	N.W.	-1	25		29.22	28.98	28.96	Ns.	—	Cml.	—	—	—
17	-9	S.E.	11	S.E.	11	Sy.	-4	35	Snow ¼ inch at night	28.82	28.76	28.86	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
18	-13	N.W.	9	N.W.	1	N.W.	-1	25	Light wind	29.06	28.93	28.90	Fair	—	Fair	—	Hazy	—
19	1	N.N.E.	9½	N.E.	2	N.W.	4	27	Snow 1 inch last night	28.83	28.83	28.86	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs.	—
20	-5	S.E.	9	S.E.	11	S.E.	-5	22	Windy. Snow storm from 9 A.M.	28.70	28.59	28.60	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
21	10	N.W.	13	N.W.	1	N.W.	8	25	Snow till 3 P.M. Snow 5 inches on 19th & 20th	28.85	28.99	29.15	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cml,	—
22	-15	N.W.	11	N.W.	-8	N.W.	-4	33	Light winds	29.33	29.27	29.26	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
23	-9	S.E.	11	S.E.	12	S.E.	5	29	Windy. Thermom. at 17°, P.M.	29.05	28.95	28.96	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cml,	—	Cs,	W.N.W.
24	19	N.W.	34	N.W.	19	N.W.	20	20		29.19	29.15	29.19	Cs.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	W.
25	-5	S.E.	23	S.E.	23	S.E.	13	30	Windy	29.08	28.95	28.84	Ns.	S.W.	Cml,	S.S.W.	Cml,	S.S.W.
26	26	N.W.	33	N.W.	21	N.W.	26	23	Snow last night 4½ inches	28.42	28.42	28.61	Ns.	—	Cs.	—	Cs.	—
27	19	N.W.	23	N.W.	4	N.W.	15	32	Light breezes. Snow	28.78	28.85	28.96	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Cs,	—
28	-15	S.E.	9	S.E.	5	S.E.	0	36	Windy	28.90	28.77	28.80	C,	S.W.	C,	S.W.	Cs,	—
29	6	S.E.	12	N.W.	-3	N.W.	5	21	Windy. A lit. snow, A.M.	28.75	28.71	28.95	Cml,	S.E.	Cs,	N.	Cs,	—
30	-26	S.E.	-2	S.E.	0	N.W.	-9	32		29.07	28.95	28.93	C,	—	C,	—	Cs,	—
31	-2	N.W.	-3	N.W.	-11	N.W.	-5	30	Windy, A.M.	29.30	29.38	29.41	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cs.	—	Cs.	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—January 18th. This morning a parhelion appeared around the sun as he rose, consisting of a mock sun, or image of the sun on each side of him in a horizontal line. From the image northward of the sun there issued a cone of light, the vertex of which was directed from the sun. There was no halo, and the mock suns were not well defined by any outline, though the morning was fair, and the sun shone bright. At eight o'clock the distance of the mock suns from each other, measured by a sextant, was found to be 44° 40´. At half past eight they had assumed the appearance of extended planes perpendicular to the horizon, and about 5° or 6° in length; breadth a little more than sun's diameter; soon after which they disappeared. N. B. See Remarkable Phenomena continued, on page lxviii [our page [288]], at the conclusion of the Meteorological Register.

{xlviii} Meteorological Register {lxi} for the Month of FEBRUARY, 1820

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	-12	S.E.	-3	S.E.	-3	S.E.	-6	8	A little snow, A.M. and windy	29.06	28.87	28.81	Ns.	—	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
2	0	N.W.	7	N.W.	-2	N.W.	2	21	Fresh winds	28.80	28.77	28.88	Cs.	—	Cml,	—	Fair	—
3	-5	S.E.	13	S.E.	20	S.E.	9	33	Windy	28.85	28.69	28.67	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—	Cs,	—
4	4	S.E.	30	S.E.	33	S.E.	22	28	Windy. Thermom. 34°, P.M. Snow melting	28.84	28.65	28.60	C,	N.W.	C,	W.N.W.	C,	W.N.W.
5	39	S.E.	45	S.E.	19	N.W.	34	24	Thawing at noon	28.32	28.22	28.72	Cs,	W.	Cs,	—	Cml,	—
6	7	S.E.	35	S.E.	29	S.E.	23	40	Fresh wind. Thawing	29.00	28.87	28.72	Cs,	—	Cs.	—	Cml,	W.S.W.
7	4	S.E.	33	S.E.	34	S.E.	23	32	Damp & foggy. Light winds.	28.95	28.76	28.83	C,	—	Fair	—	C,	—
8	21	N.W.	33	N.E.	31	N.W.	28	35	Damp and foggy. Icy particles falling all day	28.75	28.60	28.69	Ns. S.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
9	23	S.E.	41	S.E.	31	S.E.	31	31	Snow and ice melting	28.86	28.83	28.79	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
10	12	S.E.	31	S.E.	38	S.E.	27	22	Snow and ice melting	28.84	28.58	28.66	C,	—	C,	N.W.	Fair	—
11	31	S.E.	44	W.N.W.	34	N.N.W.	36	31	Snow and ice melting	28.60	28.33	28.50	C,	—	C,	—	C,	—
12	26	N.W.	35	S.E.	31	S.E.	30	33	Little rain and snow	28.80	28.50	28.60	Cs.	—	Fair	—	C,	—
13	33	S.E.	46	S.E.		S.E.		49	Rain & hail last night. Windy and warm to-day	28.33	28.16		Cs,	—	C,	—	C,	—
14	34	N.W.	35	N.W.	37	N.W.	35	42	Violent wind all day with a little snow	28.24	28.26	28.33	Cs,	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
15	33	S.E.	39	S.E.	44	S.E.	38	51	Snow chiefly melted A little snow fell	28.24	28.00	27.80	Cs, Cml,	SSW, SSE	Ns.	S.S.E.	Cm,	—
16	32	N.W.	33	N.W.	29	N.W.	34	41	Violent wind last night & to-day, with some snow	27.96	28.21	28.43	Ns.	N.N.W.	Ns.	—	Cs,	—
17	20	N.W.	34	S.E.	31	S.E.	28	49	Moderate winds	28.76	28.55	28.66	Fair	—	C,	—	C,	—
18	27	S.E.	30	S.E.	30	S.E.	29	38	Windy	28.86	28.73	28.55	Cs.	N.N.W.	Cs,	—	Cs.	—
19	26	N.W.	23	N.W.	25	N.W.	24	29	Violent wind last nt.	28.44	28.69	28.89	Ns.	—	Cml,	N.N.W.	C,	—
20	20	N.W.	34	N.W.	30	N.W.	28	37	Moderate wind	28.96	28.86	28.87	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
21	33	S.E.	51	S.E.	47	S.E.	43	32	Thermometer at 55° Ice rapidly melting	28.74	28.50	28.42	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
22	35	N.W.	45	S.E.	37	S.E.	39	39	Fresh brs. Ice melting	28.53	28.47	28.49	C,	—	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
23	33	N.W.	47	N.W.	38	N.W.	39	44	Windy and squally Geese flying north	28.16	28.19	28.40	Cs,	—	Cms,	—	Fair	—
24	30	S.E.	54	S.E.	39	N.W.	41	53	Light breezes. Geese passing northwardly	28.30	28.07	28.08	Cs.	W.N.W.	Cs.	W.N.W.	C, Cs,	—
25	33	N.W.	44	N.W.	35	N.W.	37	45	Light breezes. Ducks passing down river	28.11	27.96	28.05	Cs,	—	Cs, Cml,	S.W., N.W.	Ns,	—
26	25	N.W.	39	N.W.	35	N.W.	33	48	Snow last night ⅛th inch	28.21	28.25	28.38	Ns,	N.W.	Cs, Cml,	W., NNW.	Cs,	—
27	21	N.W.	44	N.W.	40	N.W.	35	51	Frost last night	28.67	28.58	28.63	C,	—	Cs,	—	C,	—
28	34	Calm	57	S.E.	49	W.N.W.	46	41	Frost last night	28.87	28.73	28.73	Fair	—	C,	—	Fair	—
29	22	N.W.	60	S.E.	55	W.N.W.	45	32	Frost abundant. River begins to open	28.90	28.65	28.57	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—

Remarkable Phenomena.—15th, Lightning in N.E. this evening between 7 and 8 o'clock—clear sky—fresh S.E. wind. During the violent wind to-day the rain gauge was blown from its station and broken.