James's Account of S. H. Long's Expedition, 1819-1820, part 4

by Edwin James; Stephen H. Long; Thomas Say

{liv} Meteorological Register {lv} for the Month of NOVEMBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	52	N.W.	63	N.W.	54	N.W.	56	—	Windy and boisterous	28.70	28.63	28.73	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
2	33	S.E.	65	Var.	60	N.W.	52	50	Strong winds. Gust at 2 P.M.	28.75	28.45	28.50	C.	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	—
3	44	N.W.	54	N.W.	53	N.W.	50	49	Windy	28.65	28.67	28.66	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
4	32	Calm	64	N.W.	58	N.W.	51	47	Windy	28.53	28.49	28.49	Cms,	N.W.	C,	—	C,	—
5	44	S.E.	54	S.E.	57	S.E.	51	44	Windy. Atmos. dense with smoke	28.50	28.18	28.09	C,	W.	—	—	—	—
6	46	N.W.	50	N.W.	47	N.W.	47	43	Very windy and boisterous	28.65	28.71	28.82	C,	—	C,	—	C,	—
7	30	S.E.	54	S.E.	56	S.E.	46	50	Windy	28.95	28.64	28.48	Cs,	N.W.	—	—	—	—
8	47	S.E.	68	S.E.	56	S.E.	57	—	Light wind. Atmos. very smoky	28.35	28.22	28.30	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	30	Calm	40	N.W.	44	N.W.	38	47	Light wind. A little rain at evening, with thunder and lightning	28.68	28.60	28.60	—	—	—	—	Ns.	—
10	57	S.	58	S.	54	S.	56	48	Rainy until noon	28.35	28.13	28.13	Ns.	—	Ns.	S.S.E.	Cml,	S.S.E.
11	36	Var.	53	S.	52	S.	47	49	Light brs. Atmosphere very clear	28.53	28.53	28.47	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
12	38	N.W.	40	N.W.	36	N.W.	38	56	A little rain last night	28.59	28.80	28.80	Ns,	N.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
13	38	S.E.	41	S.E.	43	S.E.	40	50	Fresh breezes	28.89	28.70	28.56	Ns,	S.E.	Cs,	—	C,	—
14	38	S.E.	64	Calm	48	Calm	50	41	Mild weather	28.41	28.33	28.35	C,	—	C,	N.W.	Cs,	—
15	45	S.E.	56	S.E.	50	N.W.	50	37	Mild. At sunset wind N.W.	28.10	27.90	28.10	Cs,	W.N.W.	C,	—	Cs,	W.
16	33	Calm	52	N.W.	50	N.W.	45	50	Frost last night. Light winds	28.44	28.43	28.47	Fair	—	C,	N.W.	Cms,	—
17	34	S.E.	46	S.E.	43	Calm	41	59	Frost last night	28.60	28.46	28.51	C,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.
18	24	Calm	42	Sy.	43	S.E.	36	47	Heavy frost last night.	28.90	28.70	28.56	Cs,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.
19	44	S.E.	61	Sy.	61	Sy.	55	43	Moderate wind	28.30	28.21	28.31	Cs,	W.	Cs,	W.	C,	W.N.W.
20	39	N.	43	N.	41	N.	41	—	Windy	28.75	28.76	28.80	Cs.	—	C,	W.N.W.	Cs,	—
21	36	S.E.	38	S.E.	39	S.E.	37	47	Rain before daylight	28.94	28.83	28.76	Ns.	—	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
22	40	N.W.	42	N.W.	40	N.	40	38	Rain last night	28.83	28.92	28.97	Ns,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
23	37	E.	39	S.E.	42	S.E.	39	46	Rain last night. Ground covered with sleet in the morning	28.95	28.69	28.57	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
24	35	W.	43	W.	44	W.	40	—	Rainy last night	28.54	28.55	28.62	C,	S.W.	Fair	—	Fair	—
25	36	S.E.	39	S.E.	43	S.E.	39	48	Heavy frost last night. Lit. rn. even.	28.72	28.60	28.55	Ns.	S.W.	Ns.	—	Ns.	—
26	18	N.W.	22	N.W.	23	N.W.	21	48	Snow ⅛ in. Little ice in river	29.13	29.08	29.13	Cml,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.	Cml,	N.W.
27	10	Calm	20	S.E.	25	S.E.	18	51	Much floating ice in river	29.43	29.25	29.21	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
28	20	S.E.	34	S.E.	36	S.E.	30	39	Frost last night	29.14	29.08	28.95	Fair	—	Fair	—	Fair	—
29	29	S.E.	40	S.E.	40	S.E.	36	—	Floating ice increasing in river	29.02	28.91	28.87	Fair	—	Cml,	N.W.	Cs,	—
30	30	Calm	55	Calm	42	Calm	42	35	Floating ice increasing in river Fair	28.85	28.77	28.77	Fair	—	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.

Remarkable Phenomena.—The atmosphere continued its smoky appearance until the 11th, appearing to be produced by southerly and south-easterly winds, and carried off by north and north-westerly ones.

November 10th, fall of rain ½ inch—23d, ¾ inch—24th, ½ inch.

{lvi} Meteorological Register {lvii} for the Month of DECEMBER, 1819

Day of Month	MORNING		MID-DAY		EVENING		Mean Temp.	Mean Temp. at Ger­man­town	REMARKS	BAROMETER			MODIFICATIONS AND COURSES OF CLOUDS
													Morn­ing		Mid-Day		Eve­ning
	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind	Tem­per­a­ture	Wind				Morn­ing	Noon	Eve­ning	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses	Clouds	Courses
1	34	Calm	51	N.W.	46	N.W.	43	37	Thawing	28.94	28.80	28.88	Cs,	N.W.	C,	W.	Fair
2	32	S.E.	41	S.E.	43	S.E.	38	34	No floating ice in river	28.90	28.85	28.72	Cs,		Cs,		Fair
3	32	S.E.	53	S.E.	49	S.E.	44	30	Thawing	28.56	28.55	28.63	Fair		Fair		Fair
4	34	E.	39	E.	39	E.	37	39	Frost last night	28.88	28.78	28.80	C,	N.W.	C,		Cs,
5	33	S.	40	Calm	43	Calm	38	32	Rain at mid-day	28.85	28.61	28.61	Ns,	S.	Ns.		Ns.
6	42	S.E.	45	S.	42	S.	43	34	Drizzling, A.M.	28.74	28.63	28.70	Ns.		Ns.	N. & S.	Ns,
7	36	S.E.	44	Calm	43	Calm	41	43	Frost last night	28.87	28.73	28.74	C,	W.N.W.	Cs,	W.N.W.	Cs,
8	38	N.W.	42	N.W.	39	N.W.	39	45	Light winds	28.84	28.89	29.02	Ns.	W.	Ns.		Cml,	N.W.
9	23	S.E.	32	S.E.	32	S.E.	29	42	Heavy frost last night	29.28	29.00	28.97	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	C,	N.W.
10	32	S.E.	34	S.E.	34	S.E.	33	—	Windy	28.77	28.60	28.58	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.		Ns,
11	31	S.E.	36	S.E.	34	S.E.	33	27	Windy	28.75	28.70	28.70	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	S.E.	Ns.	S.E.
12	34	Calm	36	Calm	36	Calm	35	29	A little snow, hail, and rain last night. Float. ice this morn.	28.57	28.44	28.44	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
13	28	N.W.	32	N.W.	26	N.W.	28	30	Floating ice/river	28.47	28.36	28.46	Cml.	W.N.W.	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
14	20	N.W.	28	N.W.	24	N.W.	24	34	Floating ice/river	28.78	28.80	28.83	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.	Ns.	N.W.
15	15	N.W.	20	N.W.	19	N.W.	18	33	Frost last night. Much floating ice this morn.	29.25	29.14	29.08	Fair		Cml,	N.N.W.	Ns.
16	14	S.E.	24	S.E.	21	S.E.	19	34	A little snow in flakes at noon	29.09	29.04	28.91	Ns,		Ns.		Ns.	N.W.
17	21	S.W.	35	S.W.	37	S.W.	31	34	Frost last night	28.72	28.62	28.50	Fair		C, Cml,	NW., SW.	C,	S.W.
18	29	N.W.	28	N.W.	27	N.W.	28	33	Very windy	28.49	28.54	28.50	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
19	11	N.W.	38	N.W.	24	N.W.	24	45	Snow ¼ inch last night	28.72	28.60	28.60	Fair		Fair		C,
20	17	S.E.	55	S.E.	42	S.E.	38	39	Thawing	28.56	28.50	28.40	C,		Cs,	W.N.W.	Ns,
21	35	S.E.	19	N.W.	17	N.W.	23	35	Very high wind	28.14	28.30	28.49	Cml,	N.W.	Ns,	N.W.	Cs,	N.W.
22	1	N.W.	3	N.W.	1	N.W.	1	35	Ice made across river last night	29.00	28.73	28.83	Ns.		Ns.		Ns.
23	-10	N.W.	3	N.W.	1	N.W.	-2	40	A little snow fell yesterday	29.32	29.02	29.00	Cs,	S.W.	Cs,	S.W.	C,	S.W.
24	-8	S.W.	15	S.W.	19	S.W.	9	43	River entirely closed with ice	28.93	28.80	28.50	Fair		C,		Cs,	N.W.
25	18	Calm						28	Stratus in horizon at midnight	28.64			C,	N.W.	C,		C,
26	20	N.W.	43	N.W.	35	N.W.	32	28	Frost last night	28.58	28.31	28.51	Fair		Fair		Fair
27	9	Calm						32	Frost last night	28.68			C,		Cs.		Cs.
28	12	N.W.	21	N.W.	11	N.W.	14	25	Windy, slight snow. Icy particles in air	28.80	28.57	28.84	Ns.		Fair		Fair
29	4	S.E.	25	Calm	16	Calm	15	24	Frost last night	28.84	28.80	28.66	Cs,	N.W.	C,	N.W.	Cs,	N.
30	-4	N.W.	2	N.W.	-1	N.W.	-1	16	A little snow last night	28.98	28.95	28.95	Ns,	N.	Ns,	N.
31	-4	S.E.	15	S.E.	19	N.W.	10	14	Snow ¼ inch to-day	28.83	28.50	28.54	Ns.		Ns.		Cml,	N.W.

Remarkable Phenomena.—December 30th. This morning at sunrise there appeared two images of the sun about 22° or 23° N. and S. of, and in a horizontal line with the sun; the whole sky being obscured by dense cloud: neither the images nor the sun appeared very distinct, but presented the appearance of luminous spots. The appearance continued until about 11 o'clock.—This evening at half past five o'clock, a similar phenomenon accompanied the moon.—Around her there was a halo or luminous circle of about 45° in diameter. In the circumference of this circle, on each side the moon and in a horizontal line with her, there appeared an image similar to those described of the sun, though not quite so distinct. They did not continue long.