[169] Cf. Grimm, “Teut. Myth.” p. 962, quoting Harry, “Nieders. Sagen”; Jahn, p. 228, quoting Temme. Many of the sanctuaries of the Celts were upon mounds, which were either barrows of the dead, or were expressly made for temples; and the god was called in Irish Cenn Cruaich, in Welsh Penn Cruc (now Pen Crûg), both meaning the Head or Chief of the Mound (Rhys, “Hibbert Lectures,” p. 201). Many mounds in England, now crowned by churches, have been conjectured to be old Celtic temples. See an able paper by Mr. T. W. Shore on “Characteristic Survivals of the Celts in Hampshire,” Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. xx. p. 9. Mont St. Michel, near Carnac, in Brittany, is a chambered barrow surmounted by a little chapel. From the relics found in the tomb, as well as the size of the barrow itself, some person, or persons, of importance must have been buried there. The mound may well have been a haunted, a sacred spot ever since the ashes of the dead and their costly weapons and ornaments were committed to its keeping far back in the Neolithic age. Instances might easily be multiplied.
[170] Müller, p. 203; Map, Dist. iv. c. 13.
[171] Gerv. Tilb., Dec. ii. c. 12; “Book of Days,” vol. i. p. 154; Augustine, “De Civ. Dei,” l. ii. c. 25.
[172] Jahn, p. 182, quoting Arndt.
[173] Knoop, p. 10; Bartsch, vol. i. p. 273.
[174] Bartsch, vol. i. p. 271; “Early Trav.,” p. 138.
[175] Bartsch, vol. i. pp. 269 (citing Niederhöffer, below), 271, 272, 273, 274, 318. In this last case it is a man who is to be saved by a kiss from a woman while he is in serpent form. Niederhöffer, vol. i. pp. 58, 168, vol. ii. p. 235; Meier, pp. 6, 31, 321; Kuhn und Schwartz, pp. 9, 201; Baring-Gould, p. 223, citing Kornemann, “Mons Veneris,” and Prætorius, “Weltbeschreibung”; Jahn, p. 220; Rappold, p. 135. Gredt, pp. 8, 9, 215, 228, &c. In one of Meier's Swabian tales the princess appears as a snake and flings herself round the neck of her would-be deliverer—a woman—who is to strike her lightly with a bunch of juniper: Meier, p. 27. In one of Kuhn und Schwartz' collection, where the princess becomes a toad, no ceremony is prescribed: Kuhn und Schwartz, p. 9.
[176] Von Tettau, p. 220; Kuhn, pp. 66, 99; Bartsch, vol. i. p. 272; Jahn, p. 249; Ovid, “Metam.” l. xi. f. 5; Child, vol. i. pp. 336 (citing Schmidt, “Volkleben der Neugriechen,” p. 115), 340.
[177] Knoop, pp. 6, 57; Kuhn, pp. 113, 172; Kuhn und Schwartz, p. 1. The prohibition to look back was imposed on Orpheus when he went to rescue Eurydice from Hades.
[178] Knoop, pp. 51, 59; Keightley, p. 295, quoting Aubrey's “Natural History of Surrey”; “Gent. Mag. Lib.” (Pop. Supers.), p. 280.