Complete Failure of the French Fleet and Army, under Count D'Estaing, to assist the Congress 17-32
Count D'Estaing arrives in America with a powerful fleet and several thousand soldiers [17]
Anchors off Sandy Hook for eleven days; goes to Long Island by Washington's advice, and sails up Newport River, whither he is pursued by the Lord Admiral Howe with a less powerful fleet; the ships, with 4,000 French soldiers and 10,000 Americans, to land and attack the British on Long Island, who were only 5,000 strong [17]
The two fleets separated by a storm; only fighting between individual ships [18]
Count D'Estaing, against the remonstrances and protests of American officers, determines to sail for Boston Harbour for the repair of his ships [18]
Bitter feeling and riot between the American sailors and citizens and French seamen and soldiers in the streets of Boston [19]
Raids in New England by British expeditions (in a [note]) [19]
Differences between Count D'Estaing and the American officers as to the mode of attacking the British on Long Island [19]
Early in November Count D'Estaing with his fleet quitted the port of Boston and sailed for the West Indies, thus disappointing the hopes of the Americans from the French alliance [20]
Count D'Estaing, though strengthened by the fleet of Count De Grasse, could not be induced to come to close fight with Admiral Byron [21]
Count D'Estaing complained of by the Americans to the French Court, which orders him to return to the American coasts and assist the Colonists [22]
D'Estaing arrives suddenly on the American coasts with twenty-two sail-of-the-line and eleven frigates and six thousand soldiers; his magnificent plans and expectations [22]
D'Estaing arranges with General Lincoln to attack Savannah and rescue the province of Georgia, and afterwards other Southern provinces, from the British [23]
Account of the Siege of Savannah, and the defeat of the French and their American allies; result of the contest [24]
Mutual recriminations and jealousies between the French and American officers; Count D'Estaing sails with his fleet for France [25]
Why this minute account of Count D'Estaing's abortive expeditions to America; the barren results of the first two years' alliance between Congress and the King of France, by Dr. Ramsay [27]
Sir Henry Clinton goes South; besieges and takes Charleston [34]
Conditions of the surrender and treatment of the inhabitants, as stated by Dr. Ramsay and misrepresented by Mr. Bancroft [35]
Sir Henry Clinton's bad administration and bad proclamation in South Carolina; his exaggerated statements of his success; re-embarks at Charleston for New York [36]
Expeditions to secure the universal submission of the people; but they weakened the cause of the British in the hearts of the people [36]
The military power of Congress reduced and crushed in the Southern States [37]
Lord Cornwallis's antecedents, and those of Lord Rawdon (afterwards Marquis of Hastings); but their severe policy unjustifiable and injurious to the British cause [38]
Military proceedings in the North also unfavourable to the Congress; its confessed weakness and gloomy prospects [40]
Appeal of Congress to France for men and money as their only hope [40]
Washington's despondency without French aid (in a [note]) [41]
Mr. Hildreth, the historian, on the gloomy state of American affairs at the close of the year 1780, though the English victories and rule did not attract the hearts of the people to the British cause [41]
The French and Congress Allies recover Virginia; surrender of Lord Cornwallis; results 42-52
General Washington and the French Commander plan an expedition to the South [42]
Sir Henry Clinton deceived as to their design [43]
Count De Grasse sails for the Chesapeake with a fleet of 28 ships and 7,000 French troops [43]
Remarkable march of the allied army, five hundred miles from New York to Virginia, without committing any depredations whatever upon the inhabitants, even in the
season of fruits [43]
Groundless boastings of American orators and writers over the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, commanding but a small part of the British forces [47]
The unrivalled skill and courage of Washington undoubted, as well as the bravery and endurance of his soldiers; but the success of the siege of York Town chiefly owing to the French, but for whose ships, artillery and land forces, Lord Cornwallis would have been the conqueror, rather than conquered, in this famous siege and battle [47]
The resources of England; the peace party opposed to the continuance of the American War irrespective of the Battle of York Town [48]
The war party and corrupt administration at length defeated in the House of Commons, after repeated and protracted debates and various intrigues [50]
Change of Government, and end of Lord North's twelve years' administration [51]
Seven years' war and bloodshed, and an unnatural alliance would have been prevented, liberty secured, and the united life of the Anglo-Saxon race saved, had Congress, in 1776, adhered to its previous professions (in a [note]) [52]
Change of administration in England; change of policy for both England and the Colonies; peace negotiations at Paris; cause of the United Empire Loyalists; change of ministry; the King compelled to yield 53-65
Names of the new Ministers; death of the Marquis of Rockingham, the Premier, succeeded by the Earl of Shelburne, in consequence of which several Ministers resign, and are succeeded by others, among whom was Pitt, as Chancellor of the Exchequer (in a [note]) [53]
Correspondence between Dr. Franklin, at Paris, and the Earl of Shelburne, which led to negotiations for peace [54]
Parliament does not pass an Act to authorize peace with America until three months after the accession of the new Ministry [54]
Dr. Franklin proposes to include Canada in the United States [54]
English and American Commissioners meet at Paris and hold protracted negotiations, with many delays, in regard to terms of peace [56]
Two most difficult questions of the treaty—The fishing grounds of Newfoundland and the Loyalists [56]
It was agreed that the Americans should have the right to take fish on the Banks of Newfoundland, but not to dry or cure them on any of the King's settled dominions [56]
Preamble and articles of the treaty (in a [note]) [56]
They constituted the majority of the population of the Colonies at the beginning of the contest [57]
It was at length agreed that the Congress should recommend to the several States to compensate the Loyalists; but Dr. Franklin anticipated no success from it, as of course he did not desire it [58]
Dr. Franklin's counter-scheme to defeat the proposition of the English Commissioners, who gave way [58]
Dr. Ramsay on the Loyalists being "sacrificed" to their sufferings [59]