[54] Authorities:—Kanitz, “Serbien;” Ubicini, “Les Serbes de Turquie;” Cyprien Robert, “Les Slaves de Turquie;” Louis Léger, “Le Monde Slave;” Lejean, “Visite au Montenegro.”
[55] Mean temperature at Belgrad, 48° F.; extremes, 106° and 3°; range, 103° F.
[56] The population of Servia in 1875 was 1,377,068, of whom about 1,110,000 were Servians, 160,000 Wallachians, 20,000 Zinzares, 50,000 Bulgarians, 30,000 gipsies, &c.
[57] The exports in 1874 were valued at £1,400,000, and included 34,104 head of cattle, 271,219 pigs 1,172,571 sheep and goat skins, wheat, raki, &c.
[58] There are a university, a military academy, a seminary, an agricultural school, 11 superior schools, and 377 elementary schools, with 567 teachers, and about 20,000 pupils.
[59] Authorities:—Zuccagni Orlandini, “Corografia fisica, storica e statistica dell’ Italia e delle sue Isole;” Marmocchi, “Descrizione d’Italia;” Amato Amati, “L’Italia sotto l’aspetto fisico, storico, artistico e statistico;” Taine, “Voyage en Italie;” Gregorovius, “Wanderjahre in Italien,” “Geschichte der Stadt Rom;” Ann. di Saluzzo, “Le Alpi che cingono l’Italia;” Cattaneo e Lombardini, “Notizie naturali e civili su la Lombardia;” Lombardini, “Pianura subapennina,” “Condizione idraulica del Po;” Martins, Gastaldi, “Terrains superficiels de la vallée du Pô;” De Mortillet, “Anciens glaciers du versant méridional des Alpes,” “Mémoires divers;” Bertolotti, “Liguria maritima;” Targioni Tozzetti, “Voyage en Toscane;” Salvagnoli Marchetti, “Maremme Toscane;” Noël des Vergers, “L’Étrurie et les Étrusques;” Beulé, “Fouilles et découvertes;” Giordano, “Roma e suo territorio;” Ponzi, “Histoire naturelle du Latium;” De Prony, “Marais Pontins;” Works of D’Ampère and Stendhal, &c.; Davies, “Pilgrimage of the Tiber;” Francis Wey, “Rome;” Spallanzani, “Voyage dans les Deux-Siciles;” Smyth, “Sicily and its Islands;” Dolomieu, “Voyage aux îles de Lipari;” De Quatrefages, “Souvenirs d’un naturaliste;” La Marmora, “Voyage en Sardaigne, Description statistique, physique et politique de l’île;” Mantegazza, “Profili e paesaggi della Sardegna;” Von Maltzan, “Reise auf der Insel Sardinien;” Spano, “Itinerario della Sardegna;” Correnti e Maestri, “Statistica dell’ Italia.”
[60] Area of the kingdom of Italy, 114,413 square miles; population in 1875, 27,482,174.
[61] Pié di Monte, Piedmont, or Piemonte, i.e. mountain-foot.
[62] Principal Alpine summits of Italy:—Monte Viso, 12,585 feet; Grand Paradis, 13,271 feet; Monte della Disgrazia, 11,840 feet; Adamello, 11,677 feet; Antelao, 10,680 feet; Brunone (Orobia range), 10,370 feet; Generoso, 5,670 feet; Monte Baldo, 7,310 feet; Monte Bolca, 3,143 feet.
[63] Altitudes:—Source of the Po, 6,400 feet; Saluzzo, 1,200 feet; Turin, 755 feet; Pavia (mouth of Ticino), 330 feet; Piacenza, 217 feet; Cremona, 150 feet; Mantua, 89 feet; Ferrara, 20 feet.