The produce of the mines in 1871 represented a value of £6,271,000.
In 1865 there were enumerated 680,373 horses, 1,020,512 mules, 1,298,334 asses, 2,967,303 heads of horned cattle, 22,468,969 sheep, 4,531,736 goats, 4,531,228 pigs, and 3,104 camels.
The products of manufactures are estimated by Garrido at £63,480,000. Imports (1871), £22,780,000, (1874) £15,280,000; exports (1871), £17,688,000, (1874) £16,120,000.
Commercial marine (1874), 2,836 sea-going vessels (inclusive of 212 steamers), of 625,184 tons, besides 6,498 lighters (26,000 tons) and 12,000 fishing-boats.
Railways, 3,602 miles in 1876.
[170] Educational statistics (1870):—
| Men. | Women. | Total. | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Able to read and write | 2,414,000 | 716,000 | 3,130,000 |
| Able to read only | 317,000 | 389,000 | 706,000 |
| Illiterate | 5,035,000 | 6,803,000 | 11,838,000 |
[171] Revenue (1876–7), £26,300,069; estimated expenditure, £26,251,518, of which more than half is for army and navy; national debt, £420,322,000.
[172] Link und Hoffmannsegg, “Voyage en Portugal;” Minutoli, “Portugal und seine Kolonien;” Vogel, “Le Portugal et ses Colonies;” Lady Jackson, “Fair Lusitania;” Latouche, “Travels in Portugal.”
[173] Temperature of Coimbra (according to Coello):—Year, 61·1°; winter, 52·2; spring, 63; summer, 68·9, autumn, 62·3; coldest month (January), 50·2; hottest month (July), 69·4; difference, 19·2 F. Temperature of Oporto (according to De Luiz, mean of eight years):—Year, 60·2; winter, 51·1; spring, 58·6; summer, 69·8; autumn, 61·2; coldest month (January), 50·2; hottest month (August), 70·3; difference, 20·1 F.