decision lies in the fact that the Supreme Court made no distinctions

between classes. Records of Congress show that efforts were made to

exempt, by legislation, organizations of farmers and laborers from the

operation of the act and that their efforts failed. Therefore the court

held that every contract, combination, or conspiracy in restraint of

trade was illegal and cited a former decision (The United States vs.

Workingmen's Amalgamated Council) to show that the law interdicted

combinations of workingmen as well as capital.

The Sherman act was passed by Congress in 1890. It was entitled "An Act

to Protect Trade and Commerce against Unlawful Restraints and