Monopolies." Since its passage various cases falling under it have been

decided, but until the decisions in the Standard Oil Company and the

American Tobacco Company cases the extent and intent of this act have

not been understood.

In the Standard Oil case the question involved was this: Was the Sherman

act violated by the existence and conduct of this corporation, which

owned or controlled some eighty corporations originally in competition?

The control had been acquired for the purpose of monopolizing the sale

and distribution of petroleum products in the United States, and had

been acquired by various means of combination with the intent either by