[276] Héloïse as a girl, in the convent of Argenteuil, studied Greek, Latin, Hebrew, philosophy, and theology; the women of that age were as eager for learning as the men. In 1817 her body and that of Abélard were removed to the cemetery of Père la Chaise at Paris. Le Roux de Lincy, Les femmes célèbres de l’ancienne France (Paris, Leroi, 1848), 2 vols. For Abélard, see de Rémusat (Paris, 1855) and E. Vacandard (Paris, 1881).

[277] Congrès Archéologique, 1899; and 1913, p. 63, E. Lefèvre-Pontalis; Abbé Cucherat, Monographie de la basilique du Sacré Cœur à Paray-le-Monial, 1884; N. de Nicolai, Générale description du Bourbonnais.

[278] John Mason Neale, Collected Hymns, Sequences, and Carols (London, Hodden & Stoughton, 1914), p. 199, a translation of the XII-century poem of Bernard de Morlaix.

[279] Congrès Archéologique, 1899, p. 62; and 1907, p. 32, Joseph Déchelette; also p. 537; H. de Fonteray and A. de Charmasse, Autun et ses monuments (1889); Abbé Devoncoux, Description de l’église cathédrale d’Autun (1845); Claude Courtépée, Description de la duché de Bourgogne, vol. 6; H. Havard, éd., La France artistique et monumentale, vol. 5, p. 49, L. Paté, on Autun; Paul Vitry, in Revue Archéol., 1899, p. 188; Montegut, Souvenirs de Bourgogne.

[280] The abbey of St. Andoche, Saulieu, was named for a companion of St. Benignus, a Greek missionary sent to evangelize Gaul, perhaps by St. Polycarp of Smyrna. The church was rebuilt early in the XII century, and of that period is the nave whose capitals present sculpture of different epochs: the barbaric earlier grotesques censured by St. Bernard, then a few acanthus leaves and medallions, and, finally, naturalistic work. Calixtus II dedicated Saulieu’s abbey church in 1119. In 1339 the English sacked the choir and transept, which were rebuilt in 1704. That true son of Burgundy, Vauban, the celebrated engineer of Louis XIV, was born in a château near Saulieu in 1633: “The most honest man of his century, the simplest, truest, and bravest,” according to St. Simon. He covered France with defenses whose worth was proved in 1914. One can comprehend qualities in a region’s architecture by a knowledge of regional characters. Congrès Archéologique, 1907, p. 103, Pierre de Truchis, on Saulieu. The architect Soufflot, of M. Lefèvre-Pontalis’ family, was a Burgundian.

[281] The cathedral of Langres in ancient Burgundy resembles Autun in its channeled pilaster strips and its acanthus-leaf sculpture. Its choir was rebuilt in 1100, using simultaneously groin vaulting and diagonals. The façade is neo-classic.

[282] Congrès Archéologique, 1899, p. 68; A. Kleinclausz, Dijon et Beaune (Collection, Villes d’art célèbres), (Paris, H. Laurens); Alphonse Germain, Les Néerlandais en Bourgogne (Bruxelles, 1909); Arsène Périer, Un chancelier au XVe siècle, Nicolas Rolin (Paris, Plon, 1904); H. Chabeuf, in Revue de l’art chrétien, 1900, p. 193, on the tapestries of Beaune; Abbé Bavard, Histoire de l’Hôtel Dieu de Beaune (Beaune, 1881); André Michel, éd., Histoire de l’art, vol. 3, première partie, “La tapisserie aux quatorzième et quinzième siècles,” Jules Guiffrey.

[283] Robert Vallery-Radot, Le réveil de l’esprit (Paris, Perrin et Cie, 1917).

[284] Congrès Archéologique, 1907, p. 4, Avallon, Charles Porée, and p. 129, G. Fleury; p. 97, Montréal, Charles Porée; p. 49, Flavigny, P. de Truchis; E. Petit, Avallon et l’Avallonnais (Auxerre, Gallot, 1867); R. Vallery-Radot, Un Coin de Bourgogne; Avallon; Abbé Villetard, “Les statues du portail de l’église St. Lazare d’Avallon,” in Bull. de la Société d’études d’Avallon, 1899, 1900, and 1901; E. Petit, “Collégiale de Montréal,” in L’Annuaire de l’Yonne, 1861, p. 121; G. T. Rivoira, Lombardic Architecture (tr. London and New York, 1910), vol. 2, on the crypt of Flavigny; L. Bondot et J. Galimard, Restes de l’ancienne basilique de Flavigny (1906); Claude Courtépée, Description du duché de Bourgogne, vol. 3, on Flavigny; Lucien Bégule, L’abbaye de Fontenay et l’architecture cistercienne (Lyon, 1912). There is also a study by Bégule of Fontenay in the Petites Monographies series published by H. Laurens; J. B. Corbolin, Monographie de l’abbaye de Fontenay (Cîteaux, 1882).

[285] Discours de réception de M. Louis Pasteur à l’Académie Française, 1882. Pasteur was born at Dôle (Jura), once a part of ancient Burgundy. A grandson, Robert Vallery-Radot, is one of the younger generation that comprehends the spiritual essence of the Middle Ages. He has written of the potency of his prayer in the church dedicated to holy Lazarus in his native Avallon. Another grandson, Jean Vallery-Radot, is a rising member of the school of mediæval archæology.