[321] Roger Martin du Gard, L’abbaye de Jumièges, étude archéol. des ruines (Montdidier, 1909); ibid., “Jumièges,” in Bulletin Monumental, 1909, vol. 73, p. 34; John Bilson, on “Jumièges,” in Revue de l’art chrétien, 1901, p. 454; F. Lot, Études critiques sur l’abbaye de Saint-Wandrille (Paris 1913); La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque. Seine-Inférieure, p. 219, “Jumièges,” Alfred Darcel; p. 353, “St. Wandrille,” Abbé Sauvage (Le Havre, Lemale et Cie); Abbé Julien Loth, Histoire de l’abbaye royale de St. Pierre de Jumièges (Rouen, 1882-85), 3 vols.; David, Les grandes abbayes de l’Occident (Lille, 1907); Lefèvre-Pontalis, Les influences normandes au XIe et au XIIe siècle dans le nord de la France (1906), also in Bulletin Monumental, 1906, vol. 70.

[322] Congrès Archéologique, 1883 and 1908; H. Prentout, Caen et Bayeux (Collection, Villes d’art célèbres), (Paris, H. Laurens, 1909); V. Ruprich-Robert, L’église Ste. Trinité et l’église St. Étienne de Caen (Caen, 1864); E. de Beaurepaire, Caen illustré, son histoire, ses monuments (Caen, 1896), folio; Bouet, Analyse architecturale de l’abbaye de St. Étienne de Caen (1868); La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque. Calvados, pp. 1, 49; Arcisse de Caumont, Statistique monumentale du Calvados (Caen, F. Le Blanc-Hardal, 1898), 6 vols.; Camille Enlart, Manuel d’archéologie française (Paris, Picard, 1902), 2 vols.; John Bilson, “The Beginnings of Gothic Architecture,” in Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, Third series, 1898-99, vol. 6, pp. 289, 322, 345, and p. 259, his answer to M. de Lasteyrie. Reprinted in part in Revue de l’art chrétien, 1901, vol. 44, pp. 369, 462.

In the excellent public library of Caen are to be found the Congrès Archéologique, the Bulletin Monumental, and other archæological publications. Also the Catalogue des ouvrages normande de la Bibliothèque municipale de Caen (Caen, 1910-12).

[323] Georges Lafenestre, Gloires et deuils de France (Paris, Hachette, 1918).

[324] An old chronicle related how the young widow of the lord of La Roche-Guyon “mieux aimer s’en aller denuée de tous bien, avec ses trois enfants, que de rendre hommage au roi d’outre mer et de se mettre ès mains des anciens ennemies du royaume.” Anthyme Saint-Paul, L’architecture française et la Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris, 1910); Siméon Luce, La France pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris, Hachette, 1893); H. Dénifle, La désolation des églises, monastères, et hôpitaux en France pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris, Picard, 1899); H. Martin, La guerre au XVe siècle (Paris, H. Laurens); G. Lefèvre-Pontalis, “Épisodes de l’invasion anglaise. La guerre de partisans dans la Haute-Normandie” (1424-29), in Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes, 1893 to 1895, vols. 54, 55, 56.

[325] A. de Caumont, “Les tours d’églises dans le Calvados,” in Bulletin Monumental, 1847, vol. 23, p. 362; E. Lefèvre-Pontalis, “Les clochers du Calvados,” in Congrès Archéologique, 1908, vol. 2, p. 652; G. Bouet, “Clochers du diocèse de Bayeux,” in Bulletin Monumental, 1872, vol. 38, p. 517; Abbé Édeline, Norrey et son histoire; La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque. Calvados, p. 231, “Norrey,” G. Lavalley; p. 349, “Secqueville”; Congrès Archéologique, 1908, p. 193, “Bernières”; p. 338, “Norrey”; p. 349, “Secqueville.”

[326] In the abbatial of St. Pierre-sur-Dives there is XII-century work in the ambulatory walls, in the piers and side walls of the nave, and in the lower parts of the façade towers. To the XIII century belong most of the choir’s piers and the apsidal chapels, also the beautiful chapter house. The transept then was put into harmony with the nave, and its tower built, which latter now is braced by clumsy obstructions within the church. In the XIV century rose the west façade, and the north tower was rebuilt. The XV century rehandled the high vaulting and clearstory, where appear die-away moldings and flamelike tracery. The abbey was founded by Richard II (d. 1020) and his beautiful duchess, Judith of Brittany. Its Romanesque abbatial was dedicated in 1067 by Archbishop Maurille in the presence of the Conqueror and Matilda. In 1107 the abbatial was burned by Henry I of England, who accused the abbot of siding with his elder brother, with whom he was at war, but in atonement the king contributed toward the reconstruction of the church; Congrès Archéologique, 1861, 1862, and 1908, p. 278; J. Pépin, Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives (Caen, 1879); Abbé Denis, Église de Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives en 1145 (Caen, 1869); Bibliothèque de l’École des chartes, vol. 21, p. 120, gives Abbot Haimon’s letter, which also was published in Rouen, 1851, by L. de Glanville.

[327] Congrès Archéologique, 1908; A. Besnard, Monographie de l’église et de l’abbaye Saint Georges de Boscherville (Paris, Lechevailier, 1899); J. A. Deville, Essai historique et descriptive sur l’église et l’abbaye de St. Georges de Boscherville (Rouen, 1827); La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque. Seine-Inférieure, p. 235, Abbé A. Tougard.

[328] Congrès Archéologique, 1908; Doctor Coutan, La Trinité de Fécamp (Caen, 1907). He also describes the Trinité in La Normandie monumentale et pittoresque. Seine-Inférieure, p. 465; the churches at Dieppe, p. 279; the church of Harfleur, p. 393; Le Havre, p. 381; Carville, p. 177, and Notre Dame at Caudebec-en-Caux, of which Abbé Sauvage has published a separate monograph (1876); A. Leport, Description de l’église de la Trinité de Fécamp (Fécamp, 1879); Leroux de Lincy, Essai historique sur l’abbaye de Fécamp; Histoire littéraire de la France, vol. 7, p. 318, “Le bienheureux Guillaume, abbé de St. Bénigne de Dijon” (Paris, 1746); vol. 10, p. 265, “Herbert Lozinga, évêque de Norwich” (Paris, 1756).

[329] The abbatial of Bernay (Eure), to-day a corn exchange on the market place, shows in its transept the earliest instance of an arcaded wall passage, the feature that, when placed at the clearstory level, became one of the most frequent characteristics of Anglo-Norman architecture, both Romanesque and Gothic. Bernay was founded between 1013 and 1019 by Richard II and Judith of Brittany, the same who invited to their duchy the Lombard, William of Volpiano. William is known to have worked on the Bernay abbatial, which shows resemblances to Burgundian churches at Auxerre and Nevers, and he may have brought to Normandy the Lombard trait of absidal chapels projecting from the eastern wall of the transept. Bernay, however, did not use the Lombard alternance of ground supports. Mr. Bilson thinks that the tall attached stripes were intended for a vaulted, not for a timber roof. The nave’s side walls and piers are of Abbot William’s time; two bays of the choir belong to later years of the XI century. William the Conqueror is said to have finished the church. It was grievously sacked during the religious wars. The church of Ste. Croix in Bernay, begun, 1373, enlarged 1497, contains tombs from Bec, of former abbots there. Congrès Archéologique, 1908, vol. 2, p. 588, Chanoine Porée; Bulletin Monumental, 1911, vol. 75, p. 396, Chanoine Porée, and p. 403, John Bilson; G.T. Rivoira, Lombardic Architecture, translated by G. Mc. N. Rushford (London and New York, 1910); Chanoine Porée, Bernay (Caen, H. Delesques, 1912).