Few works dealing with Chinese Turkestan and the Pamirs have been published of late years, although the Heart of Asia, where the empires of Great Britain, Russia and China meet, can never fail to excite our interest. Furthermore, the great trade route which ran from China to the Roman Empire lay across Chinese Turkestan, from which remote land silk was introduced into Europe.

The present book has been written in two parts. The chapters composing Part I., which describe the nine months’ journey in deserts and oases, in mountains and plains, have been written by my sister, while I am responsible for those dealing with the geography, history, customs and other subjects.

We are indebted to Mr. Bohlin of the Swedish Mission in Chinese Turkestan, and to Khan Sahib, Iftikhar Ahmad of the British Consulate-General, Kashgar, for much assistance; and also to Dr. F. W. Thomas, of the India Office, who has read through the historical sketch.

A good deal of new material will be found in the various chapters, and as far as possible the subjects so ably and exhaustively dealt with by Sir Aurel Stein have been avoided.

To my sister belongs the honour of being the first Englishwoman to cross the dangerous passes leading to and from the Pamirs and, with the exception of Mrs. Littledale, to visit Khotan.

We greatly enjoyed the nine months we spent in Chinese Turkestan and on the “Roof of the World,” and if we succeed in arousing the interest of our readers in this old-world backwater of Asia, and at the same time convey something of its distinctive charm, our ambitions will be fulfilled.

P. M. SYKES.

CONTENTS

PART I
[CHAPTER I]
PAGE
Across the Russian Empire in War Time 3
[CHAPTER II]
Beyond the Tian Shan to Kashgar 18
[CHAPTER III]
Life at Kashgar 39
[CHAPTER IV]
Round about Kashgar 66
[CHAPTER V]
Olla Podrida 86
[CHAPTER VI]
On the Way to the Russian Pamirs 103
[CHAPTER VII]
The Roof of the World 129
[CHAPTER VIII]
The Aryans of Sarikol 148
[CHAPTER IX]
The Ancient City of Yarkand 175
[CHAPTER X]
Through the Desert to Khotan 191
[CHAPTER XI]
Khotan the Kingdom of Jade 209
PART II
[CHAPTER XII]
The Geography, Government and Commerce of Chinese
Turkestan
235
[CHAPTER XIII]
An Historical Sketch of Chinese Turkestan: The Early
Period
248
[CHAPTER XIV]
An Historical Sketch of Chinese Turkestan: The
Mediaeval and Later Periods
263
[CHAPTER XV]
An Historical Sketch of Chinese Turkestan: The
Modern Period
275
[CHAPTER XVI]
A Kashgar Farmer 300
[CHAPTER XVII]
Manners and Customs in Chinese Turkestan 308
[CHAPTER XVIII]
Stalking the Great Sheep of Marco Polo 324
[INDEX] 333

ILLUSTRATIONS