Страница - 735 Index III. General Abbreviated names [29] . Abdu’l-wahhāb Ghaj-dāvānī see Wāqi‘-nāma-i-pādshāhī . Ablution—before death [188] ; Abū-t̤ālib Ḥusainī or Abū’l-ḥusain Turbatī see Malfūzāt-i-tīmūri . Abūshqa , a Turki—Turkish Dict.—quotes verses as Bābur’s [438] ;quotes Khw. Kalān [526] ; the Bāburī-script App. Q, lxiii. Account-rolls of palm leaves [510] . Adoption—of a son [170] ; Afghanistan and the Afghans , H. W. Bellew—vine-culture [210] ;decoy-ducks 225 (where , in n. 5 , read title as above ). Afghan Poets of the XVII Century , C. E. Biddulph—Khūsh-āb Khattak mentions Bābur [439] .Afẓal Khān Khattak —(Raverty’s Notes q.v. )—Nīl-āb (ferry-station ) [206] . Agriculture—seed-corn and money advances [86] ;young millet grazed [215] ; methods of vine culture [210] ; water-raising appliances [388] , [486] -7; irrigation, “running waters”:—Farghāna [4] , [5] , [7] , Samarkand [76] -7, [147] ; Hindūstān [486] -7, [519] -31-81, Qandahār [332] -6, Chandīrī [596] ; —canals:—Farghāna [67] , Samarkand [76] , [147] ; —grain, corn:—Farghāna [2] , [3] , [55] , [114] -46, Kābul [203] , [228] , [373] -4, [green corn] [394] , Qandahār [333] , Hash-nagar [410] , Bārā [414] , Bhīra [381] ; —raft of corn seized on the Sind [392] ; horse-corn fails on a march [238] -9; (rice) [342] -74-94, [410] . Akbar-nāma , Shaikh Abū’l-faẓl ‘Allāmīy , (trs. H. Beveridge )—(see notes on pp. given ) meanings :—bāt-qāq [31] ;nihilam and tasqāwal [45] ;Tardīka [568] ; Tarkhān [34] ; fīl-i-daryā’i App. M. xlvii;—persons :—13, [22] , [263] -4, [346] , [552] , [562] , [641] , [657] ; —various places :—191, [206] , [441] , [523] , App. J, xxxv; —winter access to Farghāna [2] ; Niz̤āmī quoted [44] ; an inscription of Bābur’s [343] ; Rūmi defences [469] ; the(Koh-i-nūr) diamond [477] ; a cognomen [566] ; risks to MSS. App. D, x; Akbar-nāma material *441-5, *691-[3] ; Bābur supplemented [639] ; length of work on it *692 n.; Mubīn passage translated in the “Fragments” (q.v. ) *437-[8] ; Bābur’s self-devotion [*701] ; his choice of a successor *702 to [705] , mentioned Preface xxxiii; translated from by Jahāngīr (?) xlv. ‘Alī-sher Nawā’ī’s comforts [287] . Allgemeine Erdkunde , Carl Ritter—Barā-koh [5] ;Bābur’s farsī-gūī useful [7] ; Akhsī distances App. A, v. ‘Amal-i-ṣāliḥ , Muḥ. Ṣāliḥ—Shāh-jahān’s destruction of wine [298] ;Amanitates exoticae , Engelbertus Kæmpfer—Ijtihād [284] .Amusements see Games. Ancient Geography of India , Major-Gen. Sir Alex. Cunningham—(see nn. on pp. named ) Shibr-tu [205] ;Annals and Antiquities of Rajastan Col. James Tod—Sangā’s force [547] ;negociations with Bābur [550] ; appearance [558] ; Ṣalāḥu’d-dīn (Silhādi) [562] . Antidotes—lime-juice [511] , Lemnian earth [543] . Anwar-i-suhailī , Ḥusain Wā‘iz̤u ‘l-kāshīfī—quoted [22] ;Apostates [577] -8, [590] -1. Arabic Sciences [283] -5. ‘arāq see fermented drinks, s.n. Wine.Archery[2949] —[see nn. on pp. named ], good bowmen [16] , [22] , [26] , [34] (2),cross-bowman [53] , [263] ; remarkable feats [276] , [279] ; —archer’s marks :—ilbāsūn (duck), qabāq (gourd), tūqūq (hen) [34] , takhta (target);qabāq-maidān 276;—arrows :—aūq [22] , [34] , [255] ,etc. , giz [213] , [225] ,khadang (white poplar) [13] ,tīr-giz 11(where preface n. 2 by the name ), [34] ; arrow-barb, paikān [22] , -notch, gosha App. C, -flight [8] , [140] ; flights of arrows [52] ; rain of, [138] ; quiver T. sāghdāq [160] , [166] , P. tarkash [526] ; an arrow-borne letter [361] ; —bows :—Chāchī bow (kamān ) [13] ; cross-bow takhsh-andāz , kamān-i-guroha [55] , [263] ; narmdīk yāī , an easy-bow [420] ;qātīq yāī , a stiff-bow [490] ;—bows ruined by Hindūstān climate [519] , *[700] ; —various :—chaprās , daur , gosha , kamān-khāna , kardāng explained App. C; gosha-gīr , a repairing-tool [166] , App. C;Turkish bow-making a fine craft App. C, ix; dismounting to shoot [52] ; —to bow-string (T. kīrīsh sālmāq ) [110] . Architecture Timuriya and Timurid Pr. xxxi. Archiv für Asiatische Litteratur H. J. Klaproth (q.v. )—Kasan gardens [10] ;his extracts from the Bukhara Compilation MSS. Pr. xxxix, xlvii. Ariana Antiqua , H. H. Wilson—Masson’s art. Actīnapūr Region [227] ,Army of the Indian Moghuls , W. Irvine—trepanning [109] ;‘Arūz-i-saifi , Maulāna Sayyid Maḥmūd Saifi trs. Blochmann and Ranking )—a note by Rieu [288] ;Saifi’s pupil Bāī-sunghar [111] ; his high number of rubā’i measures App. Q, lxvi. Asia Portuguesa , Manuel de Faria y Sousa—Habshi succession custom [482] .Astronomy and Astrology —Tables and Observatories [74] , [79] , Pr. xxx;Ayīn-i-akbarī , Abū-faẓl (trs. Blochmann, Jarrett )—(see nn. on pp. named );Climates [1] ; qīlīj (cognomen) [29] ;observatories [79] ; guns [473] ; clepsydra [516] ; kitchen rules [541] ; fruits [3] , [501] -3-4-5, [512] ; chalma [624] ;hunting deer [630] ; baḥrī (falcon) [632] ;mīlak (gold, cloth) [641] ;yak-tai (unlined) [652] ;—(weights and measures) khar-war [228] , tānāb [630] ,sang =tāsh [632] ;—a title [209] ; a child traveller [265] ; Barlās begs [270] ; (places) Kābul [207] , [221] ;Kacha-kot [250] ; Sidhpūr [429] ; Nagarāhāra App. E, xxiii; Buhlūlpūr [454] ; Kanwāhīn [458] ; Milwat (Malot) [461] ; Jahān-nāma [485] ; Chausath [581] ; Lakhnūr [582] ; Sikandra Rao [587] , Godi, Gūī [601] ; —(persons) [285] , [653] , [666] , App. P, lvi; —Bābur’s expedition to Kashmīr [693] . Agār-i-sanādīd , Sayyid Aḥmad Khān—places Bābur visited [475] ;Mahdī Khwāja and Amīr Khusrau’s tomb [704] . Noticeable words :—P. āb-duzd 109 = P. dū-tahī [62] , [595] -6; aīkī-sū-ārā = P. miyān-dū-āb (Mesopotamia) i.a [88] ;aīmāq (clan) [51] , [196] , [207] -15-55, Add. Note P. [49] ;M. ālāchī whence Alacha [23] ; arghamchī [614] ;āsh-kīna (stew) [4] ;aūdālīq (odalisque) = P. ghūnchachī q.v. ;aūghlān (child, boy, non-regnant chief) [19] ;aūgh-lāqchī [39] ;aūrchīn [44] , [88] ;aūng , ūng (Prester John’s title) [23] ;aūpchīn [176] , [282] ;Aūz-beg, -khān, -kīnt, i.a [162] , (see A.N. trs. i, [160] , [170] ); āyīk-aūt = P. mihr-giyāh (mandrake) [11] .The Bābur-nāma , Z̤ahīru’d-dīn Muḥ. Bābur (Lion) Mīrzā and (later) Pādshāh Ghāzī .I. Sections of the Book:—(The record of præ-accession years is lost Pr. xxxvi ); (1) Farghāna [1] -182, (Trs. N. [bridging a gap ] [182] -185); (2) Kābul [187] -346, (Trs. N. 347-366), [367] -425, (Trs. N. 426-444); (3) Hindustān [445] -602, (Trs. N. 603-4), [605] -690, (Trs. N. 691-716); Sub-sections:— (a ) Descriptions of Farghāna [1] -12,
Kābul [199] -227,
Herāt [304] -5,
Hindustān [480] -521,
Chandīrī [592] , [596] ,
Gūālīār [605] -614; (b ) Biographies of Yūnas Khān 19-24 (see infra, displacements ),
of Mīrān-shāhīs viz. ‘Umar Shaikh [13] -19, [24] -28,
Aḥmad [33] -40,
Maḥmūd [45] -51,
Bāī-sunghar [110] -112,
of Ḥusain Bāī-qarā [256] -292,
of amīrs etc. [24] , [37] , [49] , [270] ; II. Lacunæ:—(other than mentioned above );
minor in 935 AH. see dating and nn. on pp. [617] , [621] , [630] , [636] , [687] , and for surmised patching from fragments of 934 AH. [654] , [655] , [680] ;(1) References to events of the gaps see nn. on pp. [105] ,
364—208, [441] , [575] —[381] —[408] , [422] —(of 934 AH.) [603] , [617] , [618] ,
621—an Akbar-nāma indication [639] ; (2) Varia concerning the gaps :—Causes of, Pr. xxxiv;misinterpreted xxxv; results in present displacement xxxvi; III. Varia Concerning the Book:—(1) Date of composition , [see nn. on pp. named ];48, [50] , [79] , [98] —[102] , [105] —[139] , [154] , [176] , [190] (l. 5 fr. ft.)
198—203-4-6-8—214-18-19-20 (para. 3 ),
269-76-78-85—313 (“now” para. 2 ), 314 (“now” l. 4), 315 (l. 2), 318 (para. 2), 337 (l. 16), 373 (l. 8 fr. ft.), [374] ; (2) Literary style and idiom :—plain diction [2] , precise wording e.g. [5] , [79] , [475] , [485] ,
appreciation of words [67] , [265] , [283] , [627] ,
comments on style e.g. [22] , [67] ,
and pronunciation [210] , [484] ,
early diary differs in wording from the narrative 367;
lapses into courtly Persian [445] , [537] , [539] ; (3) Grammatical details :—relatives not used Add. Note, P. [167] ; uses of “we” and “I” [104] , [118] ; distinctions of meaning expressed by Ar. and T. plurals e.g. [5] , [80] ; uses of the presumptive tense [37] , [75] , [162] , [167] , [577] (cf. Shaw’s Grammar); examples of idiom [29] , [44] , [66] , [75] , Add. Note, P. 167 (gharīcha ); (4) Varied information see Preface passim ; (5) Bābur’s notes :—Khwāja Maulānā-i-qāẓī 29 —Ibrāhīm Sārū 52 —Champion’s portion 53 —Gūk-sarāī 63 —Fāzīl Tarkhān 133 —Aūz-kīnt 163 —Pass-words 169 —Multā-kundī 211 —Military terms 334 —Pīrī Beg 336 —Badakhshān 340 —Sl. Ma‘sūd M. 382 —Campaign of 910 AH. 382 —Daulat Khān 383 —daqīqa 516 —pol 517 —Mullā Apāq 526 —kuroh (from the Mubīn ) 630 —tāsh weight [632] ; IV. Work Done on the Book:—(1) Turki Codices see Preface, Cap. III, Part II and Table xli;—(a ) Haidar Mīrzā’s Codex —its importance Pr. xxxiv, xxxv, xxxviii, xli, xlii (No. iv); (b ) Elphinstone Codex —archetypes [405] , Pr. xli, xlii, xliii (No. v); (c ) Haidarabad Codex , published in Facsimile by the Gibb Trust, ed. A. S. Beveridge—basis of the B.N. in English [1] , [187] , [445] , Preface xxvii; (2) Persian work :—(a ) Tabaqāt-i-bāburī , described [445] ; (b ) Wāqi‘āt-i-bāburī (Acts of Bābur), (the first Pers. Trs. 1583 ), Pāyanda-ḥasan Mughūl of Ghaznī and Muḥ-qulī Mughūl of Ḥiṣār—explicit [187] , [198] ; (c ) Wāqi‘āt-i-bāburī (Acts of Bābur), (the second Pers. Trs. 1589 ), ‘Abdu’r-raḥīm M. Turkmān —misleading glosses [2] n. 1, [3] n. 1; (3) Persian-English work :—The Memoirs of Baber , Leyden and Erskine (1826)—[see nn. on pp. named ];Varia :—Leyden’s slight collaboration [287] , [367] , [380] , Add. Note, P. [287] , Pr. xlviii, Cap. iv, [L. and E. Memoirs ]; two notes by Leyden [10] , [219] ; not fully representative of Bābur’s autobiography [2] , Cap. iv; advance in help (MSS. and other) since Erskine worked [347] , [620] -22, App. T, lxxiii; his own MSS. [680] ; Indian guidance [632] , [661] ; dating agrees with Bābur’s [629] ; misled by his Persian source [q.v. 3 etc. ] and by a scribe’s slip [544] ; his help to Ilminski [1] , [187] , [326] , Pr. lv; misleads by uniform “Luknow” App. T; omissions [2] , [632] , [468] , [559] (important ); a prayer reproduced in its words [316] ; quoted [715] ; —questioned readings :—[143] , [223] -5-9, [324] -7, [333] -7, [369] , [400] -16, Add. Note, P. [416] , [446] -49-57-62-67 (shaving-passage), [478] , [523] -34-49-55-59-61, [608] -9, [617] -19-26-38-40-46-47; —[Numerous verbal explanations and other notes are reproduced as Erskine’s and each identified ]; (4) Turki-English work :—The Bābur-nāma in English (Memoirs of Babūr ), Annette S. Beveridge—see Preface and other contents of these volumes.Bābar , Stanley Lane Poole—the Eight Stars 139; a misled note [468] .Bābur und Abu’l-faẓl , Teufel [ZDMG, 1862 ]—an opinion negatived [119] ;Bahar-i-‘ajam (Pers. Dict.) see Dictionaries.Bāz-nāma (Book of Sport), Muḥibb-i-‘alī Barlās —its author’s descent [276] ;Bélin M.—[Journal Asiatique xvi, xvii ] [257] -8, [271] -82-92. Bengali Household Stories , Macculoch—a sign of obedience [275] .Beveridge Annette S.—JRAS. Notes in referred to in loco :—MSS. of the B.N. Turki text 1900; Beveridge Henry—(1) Notes in loco :—tabalghū [11] ; The Bible—untrimmed beard [552] ; Bibliothèque Orientale , B. d’Herbélot—(see nn. on pp. named ), ‘Umar Shaikh [13] ;Sātūq-būghrā Khān 29; Maḥmūd Mīrān-shāhī [46] ; Mātarīdiyah and Ash‘ariyah Sects [75] -6; Ismā‘īl Khartank [76] ; Naṣīru’d-dīn Tūsī [79] ; Nīl-āb [206] ; “Qīzīl-bāsh” explained [630] . Biographie Universelle , Langlésart. Babour xlv.Biographies of Ladies (Sprenger’s Cat. )—two women-poets [286] .Birds of India , T. C. Jerdon—partridge-tippets [496] ;cries ib. ; bustard [498] ; mānek [499] ;likhh (florican) App. N;kabg-i-darī and chīūrtīka (snow-cock) ib. “Blessed Ten” [562] . Blochmann H. (JASB. 1873 )—Bābur’s Mosque in Saṃbhal [687] ; Blood-ransom [461] ; Boats—[383] -5-7-8, [407] -10-22-23-54, [589] , [652] -4-5-6-8-9, [660] , [662] ; Book-names—Akhsīkīt = Akhsī [9] ;Banākat = Shāhrukhiya [76] ; Chāch and Shāsh = Tāsh-kīnt [13] , [76] ; Gālīūr or Gālīwar = Gūālīār [605] ; Nashaf and Nakhshab = Qarshī [84] ; Nagarahāra = Nīng-nahār [207] ; Tarāz = Yāngī [2] . Book-room—Ghāzī Khān Lūdī’s [460] . Books (no titles )—Exposition of the Nafaḥāt [284] ; Botany of the Afghan Delimitation Commission , Aitchison—regional grasses [222] ;qarqand = sax-aol (? ) [223] .Brahminical thread [561] . Bridge of boats see Boats. Buddhist Records , S. Beal—Greater Udyāna-pūra App. E, xxi;sugarcane in Lāmghān 203 (where read Beal ). Browne, Professor Edward Granville—the Ḥaidarābād Codex Facsimile, Preface xlvi (No. x). Building-stone—Samarkand [83] , “Bukhārā Compilation,” known as “Bābur-nāma ” see Wāqī‘nāma-i-pādshāhī . Bullies of Marghīnān (Marghīlān) 7 (where in line [1] , add , “They are notorious in Mā-warā’u’n-nahr for their bullyings”). Burhān-i-qāt̤i‘ (Pers. Dict.) see Dictionaries.Buried Cities of Khotan , Sir M. Aurel Stein—Aq-būrā-rūd [4] .Bū-stān , Sa‘dī—couplets quoted [139] , [152] , [626] .Noticeable words :—Cabool (Kabul), Sir Alex. Burns—(see nn. on pp. named );Cadell, Jessie E.—quoted Preface xxvii. [28] , App. H, xxvii.Cairn i.e. “Bābur Pādshāh’s Stone-heap” [446] , Preface xxxvii. Candles and candlesticks—none in Hind [518] ;offensive substitutes ib. Canopus see Suhail. Capitals of Farghāna—Andijān [3] , Akhsi [10] , Aūz-kīnt [162] . Caravans—[15] , [202] , [250] , [331] . Carruthers, Mr. Douglas—help from App. B, vii. Carving—Bābur no carver [304] . Caste-names—[518] . Catalogues:—(see nn. on pp. named ); Ca”lo Coins of the Shahs of Persia (B.M.), R. S. Poole—Bābur’s surmised vassal coin [355] , App. H, xxx, Preface xxxv; Ca”lo Feronia Nursery Calcutta, Seth—Jack-fruit [506] ; Ca”lo Library of the King of Oudh, A. Sprenger—Biographies of Ladies [286] ; Ca”lo Library of Tippoo Sult̤ān, C. Stewart—T̤abaqāt-i-naṣīrī [479] ; Ca”lo Manuscrits Turcs de l’Institut des langues orientales , W. D. Smirnov—Malfūzāt-i-tīmūri [653] ; Ca”lo Persian MSS. (B.M.), C. Rieu—Shāsh and Fanākat [2] , [7] ; Ca”lo Persian MSS. in the I.O. Library, H. Ethé—Khw. Hijrī [153] ; Ca”lo Turki MS. in B.M., C. Rieu—the author of the Sang-lākh App. A, v; Catamites [26] , [42] -5-9, [278] , [396] (cf. 174 n.). Cathay and the way thither , ed. Sir H. Yule (Hakluyt Society vol. i, p. 20)—running-sands [215] .Caubul (Kābul), Hon. Mountstewart Elphinstone—millet [215] ;Judas-tree [216] ; Indus ford (Nīl-āb ) [378] ; “Nangrahaur” App. E, xix. “Chaghatāī Castles” [208] . Chaghatāī families—‘Alī-sher Nawā’ī a member of one, Preface xxxi. Chaghatāī-Osmanisches Wörterbüch see Dictionaries. Chaghatāīsche Sprach-studien, H. Vambéry—(mil. ) pass-words (aūrān ) [219] ;meaning of gepanzert [221] , bīldurga [225] ,sīghnāq App. Q, lxiv. Champion’s portion won and explained [53] . Charikar , T. C. Haughton—Kohistan of Kabul [214] -5.Charles XII’s sobriquet Iron-head [14] . Chār-ūlūs (Four hordes), Aulugh Beg Mirza, Preface xxx.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage —tambourgi [247] .Chinese Turkistan , P. W. Church—marāl [8] .Chīngīz-tūrā (ordinances ) respected [155] , [298] . Chīnīūt , D. G. Barkley [JRAS. 1899]—its position [380] .Chirkas sword [65] . Chishti order [666] . Chrestomathie Turque , Berézine—the Mubīn quoted [438] , [630] .Chronograms [85] , [135] , [152] , [217] , [344] , [427] , [575] , [596] . Cider [83] . Circumcision [14] , [69] . Coincidences [71] , [123] , [261] , [686] . Coins—ashrafī 446-60;dām [383] ;kipkī [296] ;sikka (coined money ?) [277] ;shāhrukhi [379] -83, [400] , [408] , [417] -46-78-9, [523] ;tang [641] ;tanka “black” (i.e. copper ) [521] ,“white” (i.e. silver ) [338] -9, [344] , [446] , [521] -7, [641] , App. P, lvii; “red and white” (money) [522] ; Bābur’s “vassal coins” [354] -5-6, App. H, xxx. Confections—ma‘jūn :—used in excess [16] ; Congregational Prayer—unbroken attendance at [283] . Countermark [Bih-būd ] on coins [277] , App. H, xxv, xxvi, xxix. Cross-bow , Sir W. F. Payne-Gallwey—archers’ marks [34] ;bow-shot distances [140] ; what may apply to Bābur’s z̤arb-zan and tūfang [667] . Cunningham, Maj.-Gen. Sir Alex. see Indian Eras and Reports on Arch. Survey. Customs—Musalmān scruples about burial-places [246] ;the Champion’s-portion [53] ; circumambulation of tombs [54] , [285] , [301] -5-6, [475] , and of the sick [701] ; amongst combatants’ wives [22] , [268] ; dipping 16 times in bathing [151] ; levirate marriage [23] ; mourning rites [32] , [246] , [293] ; a nativity-feast [344] ; nine a mystic number see s.n. nine; an ordeal of virtue [211] ; divining from sheep-blade-bones [233] ; pillars of heads [232] , i.a. [573] -6; rock-inscription [153] ; signs of submission [53] , [232] -3, [248] ; succession in Bengal 482-3 n. [5] ; unveiling a bride [37] ; gifts from those marrying [43] , [400] ; gifts by wives q.v. Cyclopædia of Archery see Kulliyatu’r-rāmī . Noticeable words :—Dabistān , Mir Ẕū’l-fiqār ‘Alī’u’l-ḥusaini (pen-name Mūbad )—Nānak founder of the Sikh religion [461] ;Rādiyān sect [622] ; [concerning the authorship of the book see JRAS. H.B.’s art. q.v.s.n. ]. Darwesh-life—soldiering abandoned for [262] ; Dating by events:—Battle of the Goat-leap [16] ,Dispersion of Aīrzīn [20] , Battle of Kānbāī 111-2 [T.R. trs. 119]; the dating of 935 AH. [605] , App. S. Defrémery C.—[J. des Savans 1873], art. Les Mémoires de Baber (P. de C.) [562] . De Paris à Samarcande , Madame Ujfalvy—(see nn. on pp. named );Barā-koh [5] , [6] ; Samarkand [74] -5; qarā yīghāch (hard-wood elm) [81] ;paper-pulping mortars [81] . De Saçy, A. L. Silvestre (Nat. et Ex. [265] , [285] )—Ḥusain Shaikh Tīmūr 273 (cf. Daulat-shah (Browne) 538-9);date of Hilāli’s death [290] . Dialects of the Hindu-kush , Col. J. Biddulph—Khowārī [211] ;forms of “nine” App. E, xix. Dictionaries, Lexicons, Vocabularies:—[see nn. on pp. named ]; Di”ct of Antiquities, W. W. Smith—clepsydra [516] ; Di”ct Arabic-English Lexicon, E. W. Lane—akhmail [336] ; Di”ct Arabes, Supplèment aux Dictionnaires , R. Dozy—baḥri (a falcon) App. M, xlvi; Di”ct Bahār-i-‘ajam (Pers. Dict.), Rāī Tikchana Bahār—a sign of fear [232] ;the Taftazānī Shaikhs of Islām [283] ; Di”ct Burhān-i-qāti‘ (Pers. Dict.), Muḥ. Ḥusain b. Khalfa’u’t-tabrīzī—izāra (dado) [80] ; Di”ct Chaghatāī-osmanisches Wörterbuch , Shaikh Sulaiman Effendi (ed. Kunos)—tunqit̤ār [464] ;qūtān App. N, [1] ;sīghnāq App. Q, lxiv; Di”ct English-Persian, A. N. Wollaston—a rare meaning [648] ; Di”ct Hindustani-English, D. Forbes—changed name of an orange [511] ;“needle-melting” citron [513] ; great millet (maize?) [514] ; names of days [516] ; gongman ib. ; Di”ct Hindustani-English, J. Taylor [ed. W. Hunter]—“sang-tara” and “Cintra” App. O lii; Di”ct of Islām, J. P. Hughes—turbans [15] ; Di”ct Oriental Biographical, T. W. Beale [ed. Keene ]—Khw. Naṣīr Tūsī [79] ; Di”ct of Oriental Quotations, C. Field—a common couplet [22] ; Di”ct Persian-English, F. Steingass—[176] , [202] , [286] , (metres ) [514] , [527] , [630] ,
qīzil-bāsh [643] ; Di”ct Persico-Latinum Lexicon, I. A. Vullers—shash-par [160] ; Di”ct Pushtū-English, H. J. Raverty—Multakund [211] ; Di”ct Sang-lākh (Turki-Persian), Muḥ. Mahdi Khān—described App. B, v;kharpala (the “Qarshi birdie”) ib. ;contains verses entered as by Bābur [439] ; Di”ct Sanscrit-Bengali-English, Haughton—a stork [499] ; Di”ct of Towns (Majama‘u’l-buldān ), Yāqūt—“Akhsīkīs̤” [9] , [10] ; Di”ct Turc Orientale , A. Pavet de Courteille—Bābur’s verses quoted [439] , [526] ;a wag-tail [501] ; a meaning [626] ; Bābur’s script App. Q, lxiii; ” Turki Vocabulary, R. B. Shaw—kūk-būrā (a game) [39] ;qūrūgh , reserved land [81] ;aūpchīnlīk , 4 horse-shoes and their nails [176] ;chārūq , brogues, and chāpān , long coat [187] ;qālpāq , felt wide-awake [258] ;qūsh-begi , a Court official [278] ;shaghāwal ib. [463] ;jīrān , a deer [491] ;qīn , scabbard [503] ;akhta-begi , master-gelder [538] ;būljār , a rendezvous etc. [592] ;—Part II. J. Scully—qodan , water-hen [224] ; kīklīk (caccabis , chikūr ) [496] ;‘aqqa , magpie [501] ;qīrīch , swift [501] ;būīā , a plant [505] ;amān-qarā (perhaps maize) [504] ;aīrkāk-qūmūsh , male-reed [514] . Diseases and accidents:—(a ) Babur’s saddle turns [147] ;sciatica [253] -4; boils [254] , [657] -60; dislocated wrist [409] -13-20; tooth breaks [424] ; ear-ache [310] , [601] -8-15; fall of river bank [655] ; fall of tent [678] ; wounds of head [150] -167, —leg [167] -9, —arm-pit [176] ; his illnesses :—unspecified (923) [365] ;catarrhal discharge (rezāndalīk ) [446] -49-51; fever (903 AH.) [88] -9, (911) [247] , (925) 399 to [401] , (934) [585] -6-8, [603] -4, (935) [619] -20, (937) [702] -3-5; (b ) Of others :—child-birth [36] ; small-pox [48] ; “violent illness” [45] ; frost-bite [116] , [311] ; cold [151] ; ulcerated hand [125] ; siphylis [279] ; pestilence [524] ; paralysis [620] ; malarial fever [4] , [8] ; fever [33] , [246] . Diversity of place-names through trs. see (e.g. ) Qīzīl = Surkh, Safed = Spīn. Dividing line of the Afghāns and Khurāsān [200] . [267] -8, [329] .Dīwān-i Bābur Pādshāh , [ed. Sir E. D. Ross ]—not Bābur’s earliest collection [438] -9, [447] ;appears referred to [642] ; verses suiting his moods and deeds [604] , [626] -44, [705] ; verses of the Dīwān in the B.N. [526] -75-84-89; the Wālidiyyah-risala and B.’s new ruler [643] ; Elizabethan conceits [645] ; concerning the Rāmpūr MS. App. Q, (illustration); 585; [635] . Dīwān-i Khwāja Ḥāfiẓ [ed. H. Brockhaus, trs. W. Clarke ]—a couplet [411] .Dīwān-i Nūru’d-dīn ‘Abdu’r-raḥmān Jāmī —a quatrain plagiarized [257] .Dīwān-writers mentioned by Bābur—Āhī [289] ; Domestic animals—ass [144] ;buffalo [231] , [393] , [454] , [490] ; camel:—khachar [74] , [249] , tīwa [232] -5, [240] , [376] -91;camels counted [391] ; flesh eaten [251] ; cost of keep [489] ; gift of [382] ; —cattle [150] , [231] -4-5-8, [333] -96, [454] ; symbol of submission [232] ; —dog [144] , [224] ; elephant s.n. Nat. Hist.; horse see s.n. ; mule [194] , [338] ; sheep [50] -5, [71] , [228] , [234] -5-8-9, [249] -50, [394] ; swine [211] ; yāk [55] , [490] (here baḥrī-qūtās ) App. M; —fowls [82] , [213] ; goose [82] ; pigeon [13] , [259] , [401] . Domestic appliances—china [80] , [195] , [407] ;festal ornament [304] , App. I; drinking cups [489] , [298] and [552] ; fuel [223] , [311] ; goatskins [371] , [421] ; gong [515] ; knife [44] ; lamp [518] ; litter 254 and [401] , [331] n. [3] , [268] ; rope [509] ; spoon [44] , [73] n. 1, [407] , [509] ; table-cloth [44] , [132] ; tooth-pick [407] ; torch [213] -34, [387] -8, [518] . Dreams—Bābur’s [132] , (attributed) 132 n. [2] , App. D, xi; Dress, articles of—bāsh-ayāq = sar-u-pā (head to foot) i.a. [159] , [393] ;bathing-cloth (fūt̤a ) [275] , [527] ; brogues (chārūq ) [187] ; caps:—black lambskin (qarā-qūzī būrk ) [258] , ermine (ās būrk ) [150] , Mughūl būrk [15] , [179] ;muftūl or mūftūnlūq Mughūl būrk [159] ;helm-cap (dūwulgha būrk ) [167] ; —chār-qab [304] , [527] ; clasp (qulāb ) [156] ; girdle (tak-bund ) [156] , (bīl-bāgh lit. waist-band) [298] , (kamr-bund ) [642] ; cymar (khimār ) [561] ; coats and tunics:—jāma [652] , surtout (jība ) [303] , [632] , long coat (chāpān ) [187] , sheep-skin coat (postīn ) [181] ; short tunic (nīmcha ) [652] ; tunic and coat (tūn ) [14] , [51] , [159] , [166] , [371] , [400] ; clothes-in-wear (artmāq , artmāq ) [339] ; torque (t̤auq ) [561] ; head-wear (bāshlīq ) [632] ; lung (dhoti ) [519] ;rain-cloak (kīpīng ) [389] ; feather tippet [496] ; turban [14] , [33] , [101] , [258] ; turban-aigrette [225] , [325] ; wide-awake (qālpāq ); vest (kūnglāk ) [171] . Drums—nagaret [144] , [155] , [250] , [337] , [369] , [628] ; Durch Asien’s Wüsten , Sven Hedin—Farghāna wind [9] .Dynasties—Bāhmani [482] ;Qīlīch [29] ; Tūghlūq [451] ; Shaibānī’s destruction of [39] ; “Mughūl Dynasty” a misnomer in Hind [158] (see s.nn. Turk and Mughūl ). Noticeable words: —dābān , a difficult defile;dādā [157] (see t̤aghāī );Ar. daur , warp of a bow, App. C; dīm [T root de , telling ] = P. san , numbering [154] [2954] , [161] , [468] , Add. Note, P. [54] .Ear-rings [510] (where add (in l. 5) an omitted passage entered in App. O, liv ). Economic Products of India , Watts—date-plum [210] ;Editors mentioned in loco —A. S. Beveridge, G. B.’s Humāyūn-nāma , and Fac-simile of the Ḥaidarābād Codex;H. Brockhaus, Die Lieder des Hafis ; E. G. Browne, Taẕkirātu’sh-shu‘arā (Memoirs of Poets), Tārīkh-i-guzīda (Select History); C. M. Fræhn, Shajarat-i Turk (Genealogical Tree of the Turk); N. I. Ilminski, Bāber-nāma (Kasan Imprint); I. Kūnos, Shaikh Sulaimān Effendī’s Vocabulary; D. C. Phillott, Taẕkirāt-i T̤ahmāsp ; E. D. Ross, Bābur’s Dīwān (Rāmpūr MS.), and Three Turkī MSS. from Kashghar; C. Schafer, Siyāsat-nāma ; R. C. Temple, Peter Munday’s Travels ; F. Veliaminof-Zernov, Abūshqa ; H. Yule, Wood’s Journey . Einblicke in das Farghana Thal —A. I. v. Middendorf—winds [9] .Elphinstone, Hon. M.—his Codex see s.n. Bābur-nāma . Embassy from Bābur to Moscow App. Q, lxiii. Embassy to Timur , Ruy Gonsalves di Clavigo (trs. Sir C. Markham )—Hindustan the Less [46] ;Encyclopædia Britannica —range of temperature [204] ;Farīdu’d-dīn ‘At̤t̤ār [271] ; rhinohorns [408] ; maize when first in Asia [509] . Encyclopædia of Islām —Réné Basset’s art. Al-buṣīrī [620] .Erskine William—Preface xxxiii, xliii-iv-viii-ix, Cap. IV, [see Memoirs of Baber and History of India ]. Essays , Lord Bacon—Ismā‘īl Ṣafawī’s personal beauty [441] .Etiquette and decorum—well-mannered [45] , [271] -3-6, [303] ; Exemplars of Bābur—Preface, Cap. I. Expédition scientifique Française , C. E. Ujfalvy—yīghāch (measure ) [4] ;Aūsh (Ūsh) [5] ; Barā-koh [5] ; Bābur’s serviceable “Farsī-gūī” [7] ; misreading (?) App. A, ii; distances near old Akhsī ib. v; Samarkand [74] ; Āb-burdan [152] . Explorations in Turkistan , R. Pumpelly—Āq-būrā-rūd (Huntingdon’s art. ) [5] ;Fair at Sakhī-sarwār , Michael Macauliffe—[238] .Famous Monuments of Central India , Sir Lepel H. Griffin—Gūālīār [605] .Fān-valley , W. R. Rickmers—[JRGS. 1907 ], Sara-tāq-dābān [129] ;Āb-burdan [152] . Farhang-i-az̤farī [Turki-Pers. Dict. ] nihilam explained [45] .Fauna of British India , Oates and Blanford—flying-squirrel and snow-cock 213 nn. [5] , [6] , [7] ;Festivals—Bābur’s Rāmẓān rule [584] ; Fifth-share (Khams ) [324] . Five-days’ World [50] , [128] , [328] . Flora Indica , W. Roxburgh—spikenard [392] ;“Florio Beg Beneveni ”, Secretary to a Russian Mission, Preface xliv. Folk-lore—test of a dead woman’s virtue [212] ;blizzard-raising spring [219] ; “commerce with the Spheres” [275] ; eye-bewitchment [664] ; omen as to sex of an unborn babe App. L; succession customs [482] . Food (ex. birds and fruits )—bread [148] (cf. A.N. trs. i, 421 for spiced bread, also Memoirs p. 144 n. ); A Frontier Campaign , Lord Fincastle—khahr = shahr [367] ;Katgola and Panj-kūra [374] . Frontier-posts [213] . Games and amusements—acrobats [635] ; cards [584] ; chess [38] , [275] -84-87; dancing [276] -99, [303] ; dancing-girls [522] , [634] ; dice [16] , [275] -8; draughts [16] , [278] ; feats of archery q.v. ; fights of cocks [259] , rams [259] , elephants [631] , camels [631] ; improvisation and recitation of verse [16] , [26] , Preface xxx; kūk-būrā [39] ;leap-frog [26] ; pigeon-flying [13] , [259] ; polo (chaughān ) [26] ; wrestling [292] , [660] -83, Index I. s. nn. Dost-i-yāsīn, Ṣādīq; hawking and fowling see s.n. Gardens—Andijān :—Chār-bāgh [29] ,Ḥāfiẓ Beg’s [108] , Birds’ [168] , Aūsh [5] , Asfara [7] , Kāsān [10] ; Tāshkīnt:—Ḥaidar Kūkūl-dāsh’s [54] , Poplar [145] , [146] ; Samarkand :—Heart-expanding [78] , [82] ,New [62] , [138] , North, Paradise, Plane-tree [78] , Plain’s [92] , Porcelain, World-picture [78] , Darwesh Tarkhān’s [80] , [81] ; Kābul :—Almshouse [315] ,Avenue [647] , Bābur’s Burial-garden [709] see illustrations, Chār-bāgh [249] -51-54, [346] -97-98, [416] -7-8, Ḥaidar Tāqī’s [198] , [401] , Khalīfa’s [315] , Little [198] , Paradise [315] -6-7, Plane-tree [401] , [418] , Private [346] -97, Rendezvous (?) [346] , Violet [395] , [415] -7; Koh-dāman :—Istālif [216] -7, [398] , [416] ,New Year’s [246] , Royal [418] ; Nīng-nahār :—[447] ,Adīnapūr 207 and n. [5] , Chār-bāgh, Fidelity 207 n. [5] , [208] , [394] , [409] , [414] -21-22, [443] -7; Qarā-tu [395] ; Herāt :—‘Alī-sher’s [305] ,Marigold, Town, White [306] , Raven’s [134] , [306] ; Hindustan :—Ṣafā (purity) [381] , [665] ,(Agra), Chār-bāgh, Eight-paradises [531] -3-7, [543] -4, [548] , [616] -34-86, Gold-scattering [640] -41, 689 n. [3] , [*708] , Garden of Rest [709] , (Dūlpūr ) Chār-bāgh [603] -6-15, Lotus [639] , (on the Gagar) [465] , (Sīkrī) [581] -4, (Gūālīār ) [607] -10-12-13-14. Gardening see “Indian” and “Manual”. The Gate—Lordship in [24] ; Gates of India , Sir T. H. Holdich—a Central Asian claim to Greek descent [22] ;Gazetteers:—[see nn. on pp. named ]; Ga”ze of India [ed. 1908-9]—Observatories [79] ; Ga”ze District Gs. of India:—Allahabad, (H. G. Neville), [653] ;‘Azamgarh, (”), [680] ; Ballia, (”), [664] , [667] ; Etawa, (Drake-Brockmann), 644 nn. [2] , [6] ; Fathpur, (H. G. Neville), [651] ; Fyzabad, (”) [656] , App. U; Ghazipur, (Drake-Brockmann), [658] ; Gualiar, C. E. Luard, [590] -4-7, [605] -9, [610] -12-13-14; Gurgaon, (F. Cunningham), [578] -80; Jihlam, (”), [452] , [461] ; [643] -4;Rawalpindi, (F. A. Robertson), [452] ; Saran, (L. L. S. O’Malley), [664] ; Shahabad (D. B. Allen), [664] ; Sultanpur, (H. G. Neville), [683] ; Ulwar, Alwar (P. W. Powlett), [557] -8. Gazetteers of the Province of Oude, App. T, lxxv, lxxvi. Ga”ze of the Turkistan Region, Col. L. F. Kostenko Géographie , Abū’l-feda [trs. Reinaud ]—land cultivated by the Zar-afshān (Kohik) [76] ;Geography and History of Bengal , H. Blochmann—Habshi succession-customs [452] .Ge”og of the Qandahār Inscription , T. Beames [JRAS. 1898]—revision incomplete App. T. xxxiv. Ge”og Oriental [Ashkālu’l-bilād ] Ibn Ḥauqāl, [trs. Ouseley ]—absorption of the Sīr [3] ;“Banakas̤” [9] ; Akhsī App. A, ii, iii; Kohik irrigation [76] ; Samarkand Gates [77] ; Qarshi names [84] . Geographical unit, [village and its cultivated land ] [3] . Geschichte von schönen Redekünste Persiens , Freiherr v. Hammer-Purgstall—Hilālī [290] ;Ghiyās̤u’l-lughāt (Pers. Dict.), Muḥ. Ghiyās̤u’d-dīn Rāmpūrī —kardi -peach [504] .Ghulām-i-muḥammad (collaborator with Raverty )—Nijr-au [213] ; Gibb, E. J. Wilkinson, Memorial Trust—Preface xlvii. Glossary of Terms , H. H. Wilson—ser (sīr )-measure [517] ;The Golden Bough , T. G. Frazer—a succession custom [482] .Goswara Inscription , Kittoe and Kielhorn [I.A. 1888 ]—App. E, xviii-ix, xxii.Grant, Mr. Ogilvie—his help App. B, vii. Great Diamonds of the World , E. W. Streeter—its Koh-i-nūr account incomplete [477] .Greek descent, [22] , [341] . Guest-begs [141] , [227] . Gul-badan Begīm (Lady Rosebody ) see H. N. Gulistān , Sa‘dī [trs. Eastwick ]—quoted [42] , [152] -8, [190] , [313] .Gulzār-i-Bihār , Ajodhya Prasad—rulers in Tirhut and Darbanga App. P, lvii;varied by Sir G. A. Grierson (I. A. 1885) ib. n. [1] . Noticeable words: —P. gosha , bow-tip and notch App. C; P. gosha-gīr , an archer’s repairing-tool [160] -6, App. C, = chaprās and kadāng ; P. ghūnchachī [17] . Ḥabību’s-siyar , Khwānd-amīr—[see nn. on pp. named ];relations with the Bābur-nāma [57] , [127] , [256] , [328] ; value as a source [70] , [348] , [426] ; not used for The Memoirs [347] ; used by Bābur [11] , [256] -91; completion of [687] ; —Kinsmen of Bābur [13] ,[2955] [18] , [34] -5, [46] -8, [50] , [61] , [90] , [111] , [127] ; —Bābur [29] , [147] , [184] , [297] , [354] -7, [432] -7, [704] ; —various persons [25] , [38] , [47] , [50] -4-8, [72] , [98] , [111] , [128] , [249] , [396] ; [Bih-būd] [227] and App. H, xxvi, [579] , [621] ; varia [133] , [244] -96, [327] -8-9, [463] (n. where read Tamarisk ), [469] , [617] -22;—Herāt [305] ; Chār-shaṃba [71] ; kīsāk [66] ;Niz̤āmī 85 (where in n. read l. 2 ), Ḥ.S. iii, [44] , [167] . Haft Iqlīm , Amīn Aḥmad Rāzī —celebrities of Chīrkh [217] .Hand-book to Dihli, H. J. Keene—places visited by Bābur [475] . ” to Bengal, Murray’s—observatories [79] ;Dihli [475] , [704] . ” to the Panj-āb, Murray’s—Qandahār Inscription App. J, xxxiii. Hawking and fowling—experts in [31] -8, [40] -5, [67] , [270] -3-6;birds with dogs [224] ; a story [254] ; lost hawk [394] ; Bābur’s gift of a goshawk (qārchīgha ) [385] ; Aḥmad Mīrān-shāhī and goshawks [34] , Add. Note, P. [34] . Herāt’s high standard of proficiency [283] , Preface xxx; Herat, On the city of , Col. C. E. Yule [JASB. 1887 ]—[280] , [305] -6.” B. de Meynard (J. A. xvi)—[257] , [305] -6-7, [326] . Hidāyat , Burhānu’d-dīn ‘Alī Qīlīch (trs. C. Hamilton )—its author’s birth-place [7] , [76] ;Hidāyatu’r-rāmī (The Archer’s Guide), Amīnu’d-dīn (T. O. MS. 2768)—nāwak [142] ;gosha-gīr App. C, viii;(cf. AQR. 1911 , H.B.’s art. Oriental Cross-bows ). High Tartary , R. Shaw—tanga , (coin ) App. P, lvii.Hindū-shāhī rulers in Kābul [200] . Hindustani uses of “Khurāsān” [202] and other words [455] -88-91-92-99 (where for yak-rang read bak-ding ); Hinks, Mr. A. E. (R.G.S. ), estimate of distance from Kishm to Qandahār [621] . Histoire de Chingiz Khan , F. Pétis de la Croix, the elder—Gūk-sarāī [63] , Ascension Stone [77] .Histoire du Khanat de Khokand , L. Cahun—Farghāna winds [9] .Hi”st du Khanat de Khokand , Gen. V. R. Nalivkine—Sarts [6] ;Akhsī App. A, i, iv, v; tradition of Bābur’s abandoned child [358] . Hi”st de Timur Beg , F. Pétis de la Croix, the younger—Samarkand Gates and walls 77 (see Z̤afar-nāma ). Historical Sketches , Col. Mark Wilks—wulsa (flight en masse ) 486-7 (where for “ūlwash” read ūlwan );Histories:—(see nn. on pp. named ). Hi”st of Bukhara, A. Vambéry—descent of chiefs [244] . Hi”st of Gujrāt, E. C. Bayley trs. see Mirāt . Hi”st of India, Elliott and Dowson—Tarkhāns 31 (where add (n. 4) references vol. i, [300] , [320] -1, [498] );Farmūlis [456] , [675] ; Bugīāls [452] ; varia [274] , [440] -77, [652] -9, [693] ;places [191] , [219] , [457] , [582] , [699] ; earthquake [247] ; Mīān = Shaikh [457] ; a B. N. source [348] , [428] -39, [621] ; The Malfūzāt-i-tīmūrī [653] ;supers-session of B.’s sons proposed [703] . Hi”st of India, Baber, W. Erskine—[148] -94, [247] , [332] -8, [343] -6, [361] , [440] -78, [520] -2, [562] , [651] , [702] ; Hi”st of Musical Sounds, C. Carus-Wilson—[215] . Hi”st of Ottoman Poetry, E. J. Gibbs—double meaning in composition App. Q, lxiv. Hobson-Jobson , Sir H. Yule (ed. Crookes )—(see nn. on pp. named ), Byde (var. ) Horse [470] ;Holy War—against Kāfiristān [46] ; Bābur’s against Sangā [547] et seq. and Chandīrī [589] ; references to [579] -83, [637] . Horse-accoutrement—Mughūl [160] ; Horses—tīpūchāqs ;—a breeder of [38] ;mentioned [235] , [303] and [336] (grey), [383] (almond-coloured), [401] , captured at Qandahār [338] ; —Kābul horse-trade [202] ; horses bred for sale [235] ; how fed in a siege [145] ; eaten on a journey [148] ; swim the Zarafshān in mail [140] ; in snow [253] , [308] -11; single-file in snow [314] ; women’s use of during a battle [268] ; murrians [31] ; abandoned [239] , [379] ; invalided to Kābul [376] -8; trodden down by elephants [457] ; restorative treatment [666] ; —tribute in [228] , etc. ; raided by Bābur [313] ; galloping-ground for [222] ; steps counted to estimate a distance [666] ; —qūsh-āt , a change-horse led by a rider [453] ; corn and grass for [186] , [221] -2-3, [238] ; [311] , [394] ; unfit grass [222] ; anatomical similarity with the rhinoceros [490] . Hot-bath, ḥammān —Samarkand [78] , Households and families—various [32] , [123] , [125] -9, [141] ; Houses—high [221] , Huma, a fabulous bird [26] . Hunting:—circle (jīrga ) [114] , [325] , [424] -50, [657] ; Humāyūn-nāma , Bāyazīd Bīyāt—a commanded book [691] .Humāyūn-nāma , Gul-badan Begīm—(trs. and ed. A. S. Beveridge )—[see nn. on pp. named ];Adik Sl. [23] ; a betrothal [48] ; Khān-zāda [147] ; Māh-chūchūk [199] , [342] ; Apāq B. [301] ; Mahdī Khw. [381] , [688] , [703] -4, [579] ; ‘Asas (1) [387] , (2) [552] ; Māmā Atūn [148] , [407] ; various men [408] and [640] , [526] ; a begīm’s manly pursuits [263] ; Māhim B. [344] , [686] ; Mirzā Khān [433] (where, l. 2 fr. ft. read grand-“mother” ); Bābur’s sons [436] , App. J, xxxv, [619] , App. L, xliii, [545] ; B.’s daughters [441] , [522] , [708] , [713] ; Bābur’s wounds [167] , [524] , [616] , [630] ; his self-devotion [701] , (illustration [702] , Preface xxxii;) his death [708] -9; removal of body to Kābul [709] ; —references to the H.N. [347] , [689] , [691] -4, Pref. xxviii; its Biographical App. [13] , [705] , [711] . Ibn Batuta see Travels. Hi”st Ḥauqāl see Geography. Illustrated London News —fortress gun and stone ammunition [595] ;Indian Eras , Sir Alex. Cunningham—intercalary months [515] ;discrepant dates App. S, lxxi. Indian Forest Trees , D. Brandis—[see nn. on pp. named ], date-plum [210] ;Indian Hand-book of Gardening , G. T. F. Speede—sinjid (jujube) [203] ;amlūk (date-plum) [210] ;saṃbal (spikenard) [392] ;“keeras” (cherry) [501] ; kamrak (averrhoa carambola ) [506] ;sang-tāra (orange) [511] ;under-ground jack-fruit App. O, lii. [152] ,Bād-i-pīch pass [343] , Qandahār App. T; —on Ajodhya Mosque App. U; on B.’s tomb [710] . Inscriptions de Caboul , J. Darmesteter [J.A. 1888 ]—in Bābur’s Burial-garden [710] .Intercession—Bābur’s, through Aḥrārī [620] ;through Imām ‘Alī, [702] . “Islam”’s foes killed [370] ; Jogis—at Gūr-khattrī [230] . Journal of Travel , W. Griffiths—red apple [507] ;cicadæ s. of Ghazni App. N, l.Journey from Bengal to England , G. Forster—division of climates 229 (where for “Travels” read Journey ).Journey to the Sources of the Oxus , J. Wood (ed. Yule )—Kābul [199] ;Running-sands [201] , [215] ; Hindu-kush passes (Yule’s Introduction ) [204] ; dun sheep [224] ; Nagarahāra regions App. E, xxiii. Journeys in Biluchistan, Afghanistan and the Panj-ab , E. Masson—(see nn. on pp. named ), Kābul [199] , [200] , [201] , (fruits) [203] -4;Journey to India overland , A. Conolly—Kābul [199] ;Kabul see “Cabool” and “Caubul”. “Kāfir”—uses of the word [481] -3; [518] , [577] . Kafirs of the Hindu-kush , Robertson—their wines [212] .Kaiser Akbar , Count F. v. Noer (trs. A. S. Beveridge )—finance reform [282] .Kehr, Dr. G. J. [scribe of the Pet. F. O. School Codex of the “Bukhārā Bābur-nāma” ] see Wāqi‘-nāma-i-pādshāhī . The Khamsatīn (Two Quintets)—a reader of [15] ; Khazīnatu’l-asfiyā [Treasury of Saints], Ghulām-i-sarwār—Khwājakī Khw. [67] ;Mīr Sayyid ‘Alī Ḥamadānī’s grave [211] ; Pīr Kānū [238] ; Jālalu’d-dīn Pūrānī [306] ; Sharafu’d-dīn Munīrī [666] . Khut̤ba —read disloyally [52] , [328] ;Bābur’s compact [354] -6; read in Dihli for him [476] . The (Koh-i-nūr) diamond [477] , [702] . Klaproth Jules—Preface xxxix, xlvii;[see Archiv and Mémoires relatifs etc. ]. Kulliyatu’r-rāmī (Cyclopædia of Archery), Muḥ. Budhā’ī—nāwak [142] ;gosha-gīr App. C, viii;(cf. Oriental Cross-bows, H.B. AQR. 1911 ). Noticeable words: —khachar [74] , [249] ;khāk-bīla (leap-frog) [26] ;Khān-dāda ;kīsāk (old person) [66] ;kīm (yeast) [423] ;kīyīk [6] , [8] , [10] , [224] , [491] ;khimār = cymar (scarf) [561] ;kūīlāk syn. kūnglāk (pullover vest, jersey) [171] -5;kūkbūrā see aūghlāqchī ;kūr-khāna ;Qarshī = Ar. qaṣr [84] ; kūrūsh , looking in the eyes, interviewing i.a. [54] , [64] , [640] (cf. qūchūsh , embracing);kusarū [?] [369] ;kūshlūq [250] .La Grande inscription de Qandahar , J. Darmesteter (JAS. 1890 ), App. J, xxxiii-iv.Lahor to Yaṛkand , Hume and Henderson—yāk App. M, xlvii.Laidlaw (JASB 1848 )—nasal utterance App. E. Lane’s Lexicon see Dictionaries. Langlés art. Babour Preface xiv. Law (Muḥammad’s)—on blood-vengeance [194] , [251] -8;Shaibānī’s disregard of [329] ; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā’s regard for [258] ; Bābur’s orthodox observance shown e.g. [25] , [44] , [111] , [262] , [370] -7, [483] , [547] -51-74-89-96, and in the Mubīn and Wālidiyyaḥ-risāla q.v. ; his orthodox reputation (epitaph ) [711] ; his observance as to intoxicants [302] , beyond his 23rd year [299] , [302] -3-4; his return to obedience (933) in 44th year [551] -5; referred to [203] (verse ) [645] -7-8; his breaches of Law:—against types of verse [447] , repented [448] ; against wine, see s.n. Wine. Les Mosquées de Samarcande , Pet. Archeol. S.—[74] -8-7.Les six voyages en Turquie, en Perse, et aux Indes , Jean Baptiste le Tavernier—the coin casbeke, kipkī [296] .Letters of Lady Mary W. Montagne —lovers’ marks [16] .Letters—Nawā’ī’s imitation of Jāmī’s collection [271] ;Bābur keeps a letter of 910 to 935 AH. [190] ; his royal-letters (farmān ) [463] -4, [526] , [617] (with autograph marginal couplet ), others (khat̤t̤ ) [331] -2; to Khw. Kalān [411] (with autograph couplet ), 603 n. [3] , [627] , and (reproduced ) [645] ; to Humāyūn (reproduced ) [624] ; to Kāmrān [645] -6, Preface xxxv, xliii; to Māhīm [374] , [541] ; Letters-of-victory:—Kābul [319] , Bajaur [371] , Ḥiṣar-fīrūza [466] , Kānwa [559] -74, [580] . Levirate marriage [23] , [267] . Levy on stipendiaries [617] . Lexicon Persico-Latinum, I. A. Vullers see Dictionaries. Leyden John—tentative trs. of the Bukhara Compilation, Preface xlvii-viii-ix, lviii. Life and Letters of Ogier G. de Busbecq [trs. Forster & Daniel ]—explains “Sult̤anīm” [29] .L’Inde des Rajas , L. Rousselet—Gūālīār [605] .Linguistic Survey of India , Sir G. A. Grierson—forms of “nine” App. E, xviii.Loess [3] , [30] , App. A, ii. Looting of assigned individuals [328] . Lord [JASB 1838]—Ghūrbund [205] ; [563] -73.Lordship in the Gate see Gate. Lotophagi , a fruit they ate [210] ;Lover’s-marks [16] , Add. Note, P. [16] . Lubbut’t-tawārīkh , Yaḥya Kazwīnī —an early (brief) source [349] ;dates the battle of Ghaj-dāvān [361] . Noticeable words :—lām (fort) [210] ;likh , lūja , lūkha (a bird) [498] , App. N, xlvii.Ma‘āṣir-i-raḥīmī (a Life of ‘Abdu’r-raḥīm Mirza q.v. ), ‘Abdu’l-bāqī Nahavandī —Bābur’s wife Ṣalḥa [713] .Ma‘āsiru’l-‘umrā , Shāh-navāz-Khān—Mu’az̤z̤am-nagar = Dīn-kot [206] .McGregor, Col. H. G.—meaning of “ningrahar ” and “nungnihar ” = 9 streams, App. E, xix. Magic—rain making with the jade-stone (yada-tāsh ) [27] , [67] , [654] ; the stone used to ensure victory [623] ; Bābur’s talisman to stop rain [423] . Majālis-i-nafā’is , ‘Alī-sher Nawā’ī —mentions ‘Abdu’l-lāh Barlās [51] .Making of a Frontier , A. G. A. Durand—Greek descent [22] .Malfūzāt-i-tīmūrī (Tīmūr’s Turki Annals)—not discredited by no-mention in the mutilated B.N. [653] ;Yūnas Khān and the book Preface xxix; an incentive to Bābur xxx, perhaps also at xxxii; their acceptance in a Persian translation by Shāh-jahān xlvi.[2956] Mammals of India , T. E. Jerdon—hog-deer [491] .Manners and customs of the modern Egyptians , E. W. Lane—drinkables [298] .Manual of Gardening , Firminger—cherries [203] ;Manufactures of Samarkand, cramoisy and paper [81] , [305] . Marmion (Scott’s Notes to ), wild geese checked in flight [214] .Marriage, compelled [386] ; The Maṣnawī of Jalālu’d-dīn Rūmī (trs. E. H. Whinfield )—read by ‘Umar Shaikh [15] , Preface xxx. Materials for the History of India , Nassau Lees—amongst the sources for filling out Bābur-nāma gaps [428] .Mat̤la‘u’s-sa‘dain , ‘Abdu’r-razzāq (N. et Ex. xiv )—Timurid suzerainty acknowledged in Dihli [in 814-1411] [459] .Meal-hours—big breakfast [389] ; Measures—Linear :—aīlīk (finger-breadth) [489] , [630] ;arghamchī (rope) [614] ;arrow’s-flight (i.a. bow-shot), i.a. [8] , [640] ; from gate-ward to Gate [316] ; gaz 611 n. [3] ;kuroh i.a. [76] ;qadam (step, pace) [75] , [630] , (of a horse) [666] ;qārī [7] , [208] -9, [489] , [550] , [611] -29-30-31;qārīsh (inch) [489] ;qūlāch [406] -93;shar‘ī [76] , [200] ;spear’s length [196] , [377] , [474] ; tanāb (rope) [630] ;tūtām (hand-breadth) [630] ;yīghāch (Prs. trs. farsang ) [4] , [7] , [9] , [10] , [25] , [55] , [76] , [82] -3-4, [99] , [138] , [208] -17-18, [323] , App. A, v. n. [1] ;—Time :—Hindūstān divisions of the year 515 to [517] ; boiling of milk [175] , [237] ; —Weight :—bātmān [263] , [276] ; mān [699] ;miṣqāl [421] -77, [632] ; ratī 477 n. [6] , [517] ;tāsh (stone, silver & gold) [632] ;Kābul sīr (ser ) [632] , [546] ; Table of weights of Hind [517] -8; tūla [517] -41;—ass-load (kharwar ) [228] , [338] -9, [374] ; —Numeration (Indian) [518] ; —Capacity :—x mills water-power i.a. [208] , [216] , [462] -5, [581] ; (coins by the) quiverful [632] . Medical and surgical remedies:—dried plums (prunes ) [82] ; Mediæval geography and history of Central and Western Asia , E. Bretschneider—Ālmālīgh and other old towns [2] ;Sīmīz-kīnt [Fat-village ], a name of Samarkand [75] ; Nūyān explained [131] .Mémoires relatifs à l’Asie (ii, 134 ), J. Klaproth—its valuable extracts from the Bukhara Compilation, Preface, Cap. III, Part III;Bābur’s letter to Kāmrān, App. J, xxxv, (see Archivs ). Memory, retentive, [290] . Merv Oasis , O’Donovan—Rādagān [622] .Metamorphoses , Ovid—Scorpio and Libra [623] .Migration enforced—of Mughūls of the Horde [20] , [350] -1;of Tramontane tribes [202] -70, [322] ; of villagers to Bajaur [375] , and planned to Sīālkot. Military:—Armies, size of :—Maḥmūd (Ghazni) [479] ;Shihābu’d-dīn Ghurī [480] ; Aūz-beg [480] ; Daulat Khān Lūdī [451] ; Bābur, Qandahār [334] , Bhīra [480] , Pānipat [452] -80; Ibrahim Lūdī [463] -80; Sangā [547] ; T̤ahmāsp at Jām [635] ; —Bābur’s force in [91] ;(240) [100] ; (1000) [87] ; (240) [334] -7; (10 to 15) [140] ; (100) [147] ; (10 to 15) [166] ; (3) ib. ; (1) [167] ; (100) [173] ; (20 to 25) [177] ; (1) [178] ; —Commands :—Mīnglīgh (1000) [52] ; Nūyān (Mughūli ) [151] ; Tūmān-begi (10,000) [17] ; Yūz-atlīk (Centurion of horse ) [143] ; Qūchīn [32] ; —Army array: —[108] -13-55-98; 234-[381] ; [468] -71, [557] -8;Bābur’s organization and terms [334] ; flanking-movement (tūlghuma ) [139] , described [140] , [473] , [568] ; rallying-point [547] ; rendezvous (buljār ) [122] -3, [592] , [638] ; at the Sind-ferry [461] -2; postings [113] -39, [372] , [595] , [662] -68; —Various :—A.S. Corps [674] ; army-list [451] -2; camp-bāzār [67] -8; Corps of Braves [28] , App. H, xxvii; discipline [66] -7; necessaries for holding a fort [145] ; numbering (dīm ) [154] -61, [468] , (san ) [451] -2; pass-words [164] ; pillars of heads [232] , [324] -71, [404] ; war-cries [138] -44-55-63-66; ways and means [228] , [617] ; —Rājpūt fighting customs [595] ; massacres of “Pagans” [370] , [484] , [596] ; —Appliances and constructions :—axe (tool) [108] , [379] ; catapult [59] ; camp defence:—ditch and branch [60] -1, [110] -17, [138] , (908 AH.) [162] , Rūmī defence of linked carts infra (932 AH.) [469] -70, [550] -58; draw-bridge (pul-i-rawān ) [171] -76; flaming-fire [595] ; guns see fire-arms; ladders (shātū ) [130] -31-43-71, [368] -70, [593] ; mantelet (tūrā ) [108] -13-55, [368] , [469] , [593] ; mines [53] -9, [343] -70; moat [10] ; pit [198] ; head-strike (sar-kob ) [53] -9; spade or shovel (kītmān ) [108] ; smoke [59] ; wheeled-tripod [550] -7; —Armour :—helm [166] -7, [396] ; cuirass (mail or wadded) i.a. [195] , [315] -96; the word jība [495] ; Qālmāq jība [175] ; coat of mail (joshan ) [195] ; horse-mail (kīchīm ) see horse; arm-protector, the 4 plates of mail, attachment (gharīcha ) [167] , [315] , [396] ; —Arms :—battle-axe (bāltū ) [160] , [370] ; broad dagger (jaṃdar ) [528] ; hanger (khanjar ) [528] ; Hindū knife (kārd ) [528] ; lance (neza ) [370] ; six-flanged mace (shash-par ) [160] ; rugged mace (piyāzī , Sanglākh Dict. f. 312b , kisgīn ) [160] ; casse-tâte mace (kistīn ) [160] ;scabbard (qīn ) [167] ; sword (qīlīch ) [160] -61-67, [315] -70-96, [453] ; broad sword (yāsī qīlīch ) [150] ; (see Archery ); —Carts (arāba ) for Rūmī defence:—(Pānīpat) ordered collected [468] ; 700 brought and used as described [468] -9; —misleading omission from (E.’s) Memoirs 468 n. [3] ; —progress of the defences [469] -70; mantelets used [469] ; (position of guns [473] -74); —(Kānwa) carts supplemented by wheeled tripods [550] ; place of carts in the march out [550] -57-58; carts the frontal protection [550] -58; well-made in Rūmī fashion [550] ; [posts of matchlockmen and canoneers along the line of carts [569] ]; carts in the battle [564] -697, [471] ; centre troops move from behind them [570] -71; carts advanced in front of Bābur [571] ; —(Jām) T̤ahmāsp’s Rūmī defence [623] , [635] -36; —Fire-arms :—firingi (swivel-gun, pierrier ) [472] , [667] ; mortars (qāzān ) [59] —the Ghāzī cast [536] , tested [547] —used [570] -99 —ineffective at Chandīrī [592] -5 —its elephant-traction [489] ; mortars and (add ) carts landed [651] —used in the Gogra battle (where “tope” ) [669] -70-71; a larger mortar made, bursts [588] ; —ẓarb-zan (culverin) [473] —used at Pānīpat [474] , Kānwa [564] -9, [71] , the Ganges-bridge [599] , Eastern campaign [651] -6; —tūfang , tūfak (matchlock) used [368] -9, [466] -9, [558] -64-70-71-73, [599] , [628] -67-8-9; T̤ahmāsp’s [622] -35; —gunners and matchlockmen [368] , their pay [617] and wellbeing [647] ; “fire-working” Bengalis [672] ; —muljār (gun emplacement) [593] , [628] (for būljār ?), [668] ; —Stone-missiles :—hurled by hand [109] , [370] , [595] ; legendary dropping of by birds [563] ; discharged from catapults [59] , from mortars and matchlocks [109] , [369] , [431] -73, [571] -88-93-95-99, [617] -67-70-79; —Transport: —pack animals [235] ; camels [232] -5, [378] , (counted ) [391] , [601] -56 (see Domestic animals ); elephants [489] ; carts (baggage ) [237] , [376] -77, [468] , [636] , [700] , (gun ) [592] -99, (unspecified ) [601] -51-56. Minerals:—ribbon jasper [6] ; Mirāt-i-jahān-numā , Shaikh Muḥ. Baqā —Khwānd-amīr’s journey to Hind [505] .Mirāt-i-sikandarī , ‘Alī Muḥ. Khān (trs. E. Clive Bayley )—Gujrāt affairs [535] ;Mirror-stone, (Farghāna ) [7] . Miscellaneous Works , Greaves—Observatories [79] .Mohl, Jules—date of revision of Tārīkh-i-firishta [694] (E. and D.’s Hist. of India iv, 209 ). Mongolia , N. Prejevalsky (trs. E. Delmar-Morgan )—aīmāq [49] , explained Add. Notes P. [49] .Moon-stroke [608] . Mountain-passes leading into the valley of Bamian , Lt.-Gen. E. Kaye, C.B. [PRGS. 1879]—birds [213] .Mubīn (Exposition), Bābur—date of composition (928 AH.) [426] , [437] ;Mughūls and Bābur :—a faithful Mughūl [87] -8;Mughūls enter his service [58] -9, [189] , [190] -2-4, [245] ; support Jahāngīr against him see i.a. snn. Taṃbal, ‘Alī-dost; offer to supplant him by Sa‘īd Chaghatāī [351] ; sent to help him [101] -4, oppose him [115] ; desert him [86] -7, [104] -5; Five Rebellions against him [105] , [208] , [313] -4, [345] -9, [361] -2-3, [397] ; his following purged of them [427] ; his comments on them [66] , [104] -5, [115] -40, [172] ; [363] ;“Mughūl dynasty” a misnomer [158] . Muhammadan Dynasties , Stanley Lane-Poole—Table of Timurids [262] ;Mu’inu’d-dīn al Zamji (J.A. xvi, [476] , de Meynara’s art. )—Kīchīk Mīrzā’s Egyptian information [257] . Muntakhabu’l-lubāb , Muḥ. Hāshim Kh(aw)āfī Khān—[see nn. on pp. named ], a source for filling Bābur-nāma gaps [208] ;Sihrind, Sar-i-hind [383] ; siege of Chandīrī [596] ; varies Bābur’s chronogram of the victory [596] . Muntakhabu’t-tawārīkh , ‘Abdu’l-qādir Badāyūnī (trs. Ranking, Lowe ) Ḥasan Hijri [153] ;Bābur’s Script [228] , App. Q, lxii, arrow-sped couplet [361] ; Mubīn [437] -8;Chronogram of Sikandar Ludi’s death [427] ; the haunted field of Pānīpat [472] ; Ḥasan Miwāti [523] ; Shaikh Gūran [526] ; Fārighī [621] ; Muh. Ghaus̤ [690] ; quotes Bābur’s Funeral Ode [709] . “Musalmān” as used by Bābur [99] , [104] , [268] , [481] ,and by Shaikh Zain [553] -5. Musalman Numismatics , O. Codrington—various coins 632 [see JRAS. 1913-4 ].Music—instruments :—‘aūd (lute) [292] , [395] ; Noticeable words :—āīmāq [51] etc. Add. Note P. [51] ;mīng = P. hazāra [52] ;mīng-begī see qūchīn ;mihman-beg [227] .Nadir Shāh Pref. xlvii. Nagarahāra , Simpson [JASB. xiii?]—App. E. xxiii.Narrative of the Journey of the Embassy to Kashghar (Yarkand ), H. W. Bellew—Satūq-būghrā Khān [29] .Nasal utterance—its seeming products “nīng ” (var.) = nine, App. E, xviii, xix, and “Tānk” = Tāq [233] . Natural History—Beasts :—those common to Kābul and Hind [222] ; wild ass [224] , [325] ; wild buffalo [490] , [657] ; būghū-marāl [8] , [10] , [114] , [373] , [491] , [500] ;—elephant described [488] , encounters with rhino and camel [451] , [631] , [657] , in battle [463] -70, [457] -66-68, [529] , [668] , in hunting [657] , killed by a fleeing foe [662] , killed in Makka [563] , statues of, at Gūālīār [609] , various [590] , [628] -58; —ermine-weasel [492] ; yellow fox [114] ; flying-fox (bat) [500] (and n. 6 where read f. 135 ); gainī cattle [492] ;goat [16] , [83] ; hare [10] , [114] ; —kīyīk :—black buck, hog-deer and a smaller deer [222] , [491] , āq kīyīk (white) [6] , [8] , [10] , [491] ,qīzīl kīyīk, arqārghalcha (dun sheep) [224] , [491] ;—tree-mouse [492] ; monkey, ape [211] , [222] , [492] ; musk-rat [214] ; nīl-gau [222] , [490] ;pig [114] ; qūchqār (ram) [492] ;karg (rhinoceros) [378] , [450] -1-89, [557] ;squirrel [492] ; flying squirrel [213] [2957] ; tiger [393] , [664] ; yāk (qūtās ) [55] , [155] ,baḥrī qūtūs [485] , [490] , App. M.—Birds :—migration [220] -4; catching [220] -4-5; common to Hind and Kābul [220] ; decoy-birds [225] ; impeded flight [214] , [496] ; special notes on App. B and N; combined sex-name [500] ; dīng (adjutant) [398] , [498] ;bak-dīng [2958] (adjutant) [499] ;bāghrī-qarā see sand-grouse and App. N.;Indian bustard and Great bustard [498] ; Large buzak (black ibis) [499] ; white buzak [499] , [500] l. 2; buzzard (T. sār ) [499] , [500] [2959] ; chameleon-bird see lūkha ; cranes var. [224] , [499] ; crow var. [500] ; ducks var. [224] , [500] ; egret (qarqara ) [224] ; golden eagle (būrgūt ) [373] , [500] ; florican [498] [2960] ; goshawk (T. qārchīgha and qīrghīcha ) [34] , Add. Note, P. [34] , [385] ; grey heron (aūqār ) [224] , [499] ; jungle-fowl var. [497] ; kabg-i-darī [214] , [496] -7, App. N, xlix (see lūkha );kūīl, koel [501] ; Indian loriquet 494 n. [5] ; lūkha var. [213] , [222] , [496] , Add. Note, P. 496 (see kabg-i-darī );magpie [500] ; green magpie [501] ; mānek (beef-steak bird) [499] ;monal [496] , [497] , App. N, phūl-paikar [497] ;bulbul (nightingale) [420] , [501] ;northern-swallow [495] ; parrot var. [493] -4; partridge var. [421] -93-96-97; peacock [493] ; pelican (qūt̤ān ) [224] , App. N, [1] ; pheasant (qīr-ghāwal ) [3] , [8] , [10] , [34] , [114] , [493] -97 (chīr ); qīl-qūyirūgh (Qarshī-birdie ) [84] , App. B;quail var. [34] , [497] -8; sand-grouse (bāghrī-qarā ) [84] , [498] ,[2961] App. B; sārīgh-aūsh [2962] [373] ;sharak ;—Himālayan starling? 495 n. [3] ; pindāwati [495] ;house-mīna 495 (add n. ref. 5 ); pied-mīna ib. —sparrow (chūchūq ) [8] ; snow-cock [213] , [421] , App. N, [1] , (see lūkha and chīūrtīka ib. ); white stork [499] ; karcha (swift) [501] ;wag-tail [498] , [501] ; wild fowl [497] ; little green wood-pecker [501] ; zummaj [500] (“eagle,” add Its colour is black);—Fish and amphibia :—migration [225] ; catching [225] -7, [406] , [682] ; of Hindustan [503] ;cray fish [502] ; unnamed [663] ; frog [503] ; porpoise [502] ; crocodile var. [501] -2, [663] ; —Various :—lizard [501] -2; locust (chīūrtīka ) [421] , App. N, [1] ; mosquito [204] ; snakes, [8] , [147] , [406] ; Flowers :—Farghāna [5] , [10] ;Kābul [215] -7; Peshāwār [393] ; Hind [513] -5; —arghwān (red, the Judas-tree) [216] -7, [305] , (yellow) [217] ; hibiscus [513] ; jasmine [515] ; oleander [514] , [580] , [610] ; roses [5] , [321] (couplet), [513] ; screw-pine [516] ; tulips [5] , [215] , [321] ; violets [5] ; —Fruits :—Farghāna [2] , [3] , [6] , [8] , [10] ; Samarkand [77] , [82] -4; Kābul [202] -3-8-9-10-12-16-18-20-21; Hind [503] to [513] , App. O; —‘ain-ālū [506] ; almond [6] , [7] , [9] , [223] , [507] -8; ālū-bālū [203] ;apple [2] , [8] , [77] , [202] -20, [507] ; apricot [6] , [202] ; badrang [203] ;plantain (banāna) [208] , [504] ; cherry [203] ; chīrūnjī [508] ;citron var. [203] -8-10, [501] -11; clustered-fig [508] ; coco-nut [509] ; colocynth-apple (wild gourd ) [410] -11 (where for khunt̤al read ḥunz̤al ); coriander [211] ; corinda [507] ; date-palm [410] -24, [506] -8; date-plum (T. qarā-yīmīsh ) [203] -10; fig [508] ; grape [3] , [77] , [202] -3-10-12-18-21, [507] -8, [646] -86-87; jack-fruit [506] ; jāman [506] , [606] ;jīlghūza (pine-seeds) [203] -13;jujube (sinjid ) [196] , [203] ; chīkdā [506] ;kamrak [506] (where add, It has no stone );lemon [512] , [614] ; lime var. [512] ; lote-fruit [507] ; lotus-seed (dūdah ) [666] ; mango [503] ; melon var. [10] , [82] -4, [92] , [411] , [645] -6, [686] -7; mimusops [505] ; myrobalan [508] ; nāshpāti [3] ;orange var. [203] -10-11, [414] , [510] , [512] , Add. N. P. [512] , [614] , App. O, liii; pear [203] ; peach [203] ; pistachio [508] ; plum [82] ; monkey-jack [506] -7; pomegranate [6] , [8] , [77] , [202] -8, [507] ; quince [202] , [507] -12; tamarind [505] (n. ref. to būīā ); walnut [203] , [508] ; —Trees and plants :—amān-qarā , maize (?) [504] , small almond [233] , būīā [505] ,būtā-kūh [221] ,clover, trefoil, sih-barga , yūrūnchqā [6] , [209] , [346] , conifers, archa, [221] -2, cypress [81] , [222] , dhak [472] ;ebony-tree [585] , [614] , hardwood-elm [81] , grass (cuscus ) 631 n. 2, holm-oak [213] -16-23, madder [218] , mahuwā [505] -8,male-reed [514] , mandrake and its similars [11] , mastic [213] -23, millet [81] , [215] , mulberry (tūt ) [248] , [494] , olive [222] , palmyra palm [509] , App. O, liv, Pinus Gerardiana, jilghūza [203] -13, plane [216] , [398] , poplar var. [13] , [15] , (tūrūk ) [145] and [156] , [414] (where for “purslain” read poplar ), qarqand [223] ,reed [514] , rice [210] , [342] , rhubarb [203] , [345] , [507] , spikenard [392] , sugar-cane [208] , [388] , tabalghū [11] ,tamarisk [14] , [463] (where, wrongly, “Tamarind” ); —willow [217] , [306] , (weeping) [304] , App. I, (amāl-bīd ) [512] ; —Physical various—Climate :—change on the Kīndīrlīk-pass (?) [2] ; meeting places of hot and cold in Kābul [208] and [229] , [220] ; both near the town [202] ; good climate Aūsh [4] -6, Kāsān [10] , Soghd [84] , Kābul [263] ; —Climes :—Farghāna and Samarkand in the 5th [1] , [74] ; Kābul in the 4th [199] ; —cold, Akhsī [116] , Hasht-yak [151] , Ghazni [219] , [526] , Khwārizm [219] , upper Herī-rūd valley [311] , Kābul [314] ; —Various :—dust-storm [520] , [32] -6; earthquake [247] , [367] ; solar eclipse [659] ; ice,—Sīr-daryā crossed on [151] ; Kābul ice-houses [215] ; near Parhāla [452] ; none had in Hind [518] ; —malaria :—Andijān [4] , Khujand [8] ; —rain :—[384] , [425] ; rain-making see magic; rain-talisman [423] ; rainy season (various) [405] , [507] , [514] -19, [677] -8; —snow :—[208] , [215] , [252] , [314] , [373] ; Himālayan snows [485] ; perilous journey in snow [309] -11; snowfall of Samarkand and Kābul compared [77] ; —wind: —Farghāna 9 and n. [2] , [151] ; Kābul [201] ; upper Herī-rūd valley [310] ; Hind [520] , pestilential [524] , [532] , [654] -7, does damage to Bābur’s writings [658] . Nestorian Church [2] . New account of the East Indies (Edin. 1727), Alex. Hamilton—Malabar succession customs [482] .Nigār-nāma-i-hind , Sayyid Ghulām-i-‘alī—a British monument at Pānīpat [472] .Nine a mystic number—[9] Tarkhān privileges [250] ;9 allowed offences [250] ; gifts by nines; [Cf. Shajaratu’l-atrāk, Miles trs. p. 530 , for the root of reverence for the number nine]. Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan , H. G. Raverty—[see nn. on pp. named ], Kābul rulers and river [200] ;Notes on the Chugani and neighbouring tribes of Kafiristan , Col. H. S. Tanner (JRGS. 1881 )—map mentioned [209] ;Dara-i-nūr [210] , App. F; Nīng-nahār App. E, xix. [Cf. Index II s.n. chīqān. ] Notes on some monuments in Afghanistan , H. H. Hayden—Bābur’s Grave (illustration) [710] , App. V, lxxx.Nouvelle Géographie ; L’Asie Antérieure , Réclus—[see nn. on pp. named ], Farghāna [4] , [5] , [9] ;distances (Akhsī) App. A, v, (Tīrmiẕ-Ḥiṣār) [57] ; Samarkand [74] , [83] , [88] ; Mīl-i-rādagān [622] ; Kadgar (i.a. Qajar) [666] ; sīghnāq = fort App. Q, lxiv;dābān and other pass-names [54] .Noticeable words :—see Astronomy.Omens— of the sex of an unborn child App. L; of success [466] , [558] . Onau , Sir Charles Elliot—Badshāh-nagar named from Bābur’s halt [675] .“Oolak” (baggage-boat), perhaps from T. aūlūgh , great [663] . Open-table, maintainers of [39] , [45] -9, [119] , [227] . Opium-eater [385] . Oriental Biographical Dictionary , T. W. Beale (ed. Keene ) see Dictionaries.Oriental Proverbs , T. Roebuck—the “five-days’ world” [50] .Noticeable words :—M. Oghlāt = T. Dūghlāt = Qūngūr-āt of Aūzbegs [22] . Pādshāh—uses of the word [1] ; title assumed by Bābur [344] . Pādshāh-nāma , ‘Abdu’l-ḥamīd—lacunæ in an early copy of the Bābur-nāma App. D, x.Pādshāh-nāma , Muḥammad Amīn Kazwīnī —Bābur’s gardens in and near Kābul App. V;Pagan see Kāfir. Painting and painters—[22] , [78] , [111] , [272] -91. Painting and Painters of Persia , Martin—Bih-zād [291] .Pargiter, Mr. F. E.—on “wulsa ” [487] -8, Add. Note, P. [487] . Pass-names [54] . Pass-words see Military. Penmanship and scripts—good writers [28] , [111] , [278] , [291] ; Pen-names—‘Adilī [111] ,Ahī [289] , Ahlī [290] , ‘Arūzī [288] , Badakhshī [288] , Banā’ī [286] , Bayānī [278] , Fānī and Nawā’ī [272] , Farāqī [137] , Gharbatī [261] , Hātifī [288] , Hilālī [290] , Ḥusainī [259] , Kāmī [290] , Sharaf [448] , Suhailī [277] , Tufailī [278] , Wafā’ī [38] , etc. Persia and the Persian Question , Lord Curzon—its “Radkan” explained [622] .Persian Grammar, J. T. Platts (ed. Ranking ) lunar months App. L, lxx. Persian Poets , Sir W. Ouseley—Khwāja Kamāl [8] .“Pharoah” used as an epithet [39] . Poems of Niz̤āmī (Meçon and Lahor eds. )—Haft Paikar quoted [6] ;Khusrau u Shīrīn :—parricide [85] , Add. Note, P. [85] ;death inevitable [182] [here Turkī ], App. D, xi [here Pers.; Maçon ed. iii, 1589 ]; Fate an avenging servitor [251] , Add. Note, P. [251] [f. 281 in MS. of 317 ff. ]; swift action a maker of victory [625] ; lovers’ marks Add. Note, P. [16] ; —the Khamsatīn [15] , [288] .[2963] Poems of Nūru’d-dīn ‘Abdu’r-raḥmān Jāmī —an exposition of the Nafaḥāt [284] ;the metre of the Subḥatu’l-abrār adopted in the Shaibānī-nāma [289] , and in the Wālidiyyah-risāla [620] (where read raḥmān for “raḥīm” ). Poems of Kipling —“My Lord the Elephant” [208] ;Poison—suspected [302] , [576] ; Political Mission to Afghanistan and Seistan , H. W. Bellew—birds at Āb-istāda [240] ;Qandahār [430] , App. J, xxxiii. Polyglot List of Birds , E. Denison Ross, Ph. D.—[373] , [495] -6-7-8, [500] , App. M, xlvi.Popular Religion of Northern India , W. Crooks—Sarsāwa [467] .Prayers, The Five—‘Umar Shaikh’s observance of [15] ;voluntary Sunnat-prayer [100] ; Bābur (æt. 12) less neglects the after-midnight prayer [44] ; Aḥmad Mīrān-shāhī observes on drinking-days [33] ; a reverse case [111] ; Erskine on their “performance” [258] ; time expressed by their names passim . Prisoners—rebels killed [69] , [113] ; Projectile-throwing engines of the ancients , Sir W. F. Payne-Gallwey—stone ammunition [667] .Promotions—to begs rank from the household-circle [104] ; Proverbs and sayings—[90] , [117] , [24] -5-8, [145] -66-77-82-84-90-93, [223] -7-8, [254] , [310] , [453] -94, [542] -3, [703] . Punishments—beard shaved off [404] ;blinding [50] , [63] , [95] , [194] , [266] ; bow-stringing [110] , [194] ; quartering [238] , [454] , [543] ; hanging [345] ; impalement [341] ; nose-slitting [234] , [383] ; parade mutilated [404] , [234] ; shooting [543] ; skinning alive [542] ; for disloyalty [70] , [113] . Puns and Quips—[44] , [115] , [136] -7, [150] , [189] , [287] , [391] , [529] , [648] . Noticeable words :—P. pahr and pās distinguished [634] ; postīn [10] .Qandahar in 1879 AD., Le Mesurier—the old town [431] ;Qandahar see La grande inscription de Q. Qaṣidatu’l-burda , Al-buṣīrī—Bābur works from its motive [620] ;qibla —discrepancy [79] .qizil-bash (red-head) [266] , [618] -22-30-35.The Qoran (trs. G. Sale )—quoted by Bābur [194] , [316] , [449] ;read by or to him, remedially, [401] , Add. Note, P. [401] , [585] ; copied by him in his Script [228] ; obeyed as to the Khams (5th) of booty [324] ; [517] ;—‘Umar Shaikh a reader of [15] , Preface xxx; transcribers of [38] , [481] ; recited [246] , [301] ; frequent quotations by Shaikh Zain [553] to 6, [559] to 74; quoted on a Samarkand arch [77] ; sworn on [179] , [557] ; Shaibānī makes exposition of [329] ; a collection of homonymous verses [285] ; Sale’s Intro, referred to [562] -3. Quatremère, E.—(N. et Ex. ) [446] -59, (J. des Savans, 1843 ) [605] . Qirānu’s-sa‘dain , Amīr Khusrau—a couplet quoted [503] (H.B.).Noticeable words: —Races of Afghanistan , H. W. Bellew—Khīlīch 29 (where read title as above ).Raft—(Farghāna) [161] , [180] ; Rāmacārita , H. Sastri (Memoirs, AS Bengal ) Nagarahāra App. E, xxiii.Rāmpūr MS. of Bābur’s Diwān, Preface [1] , App. Q. Rapid travel—Aūrā-tīpa to Bābā Khākī [25] ; Rashaḥāt-i-‘ainu’l-ḥayāt [Tricklings from the Fount of Life ] ‘Alī Kāshifī — Khwājakī Khwāja [62] ;Aḥrārī [620] ; [not known to Erskine ]. Rauẓatu’s-ṣafā , Mīr Khwānd—referred to (?) [11] ;Bābā-i-kābulī [14] ; Hazārāspī [50] ; a chronogram [85] ; the Chaghatāī Khāns (908 AH.) [161] . Récueils d’Itinéraires , Th. Radloff—fruit as food in C. Asia [3] , [114] ;position of Yītī-kīnt [11] ; elevation to Khānship [21] ; Pul-i-mougak 68 (Khorochkine’s art.); battle-cries [163] . Reports:— Hi”st on the Ghilzai country , J. S. Broadfoot [ed. W. Broadfoot]—birds at Āb-istāda [240] ; Hi”st of the Indian Archeological Survey , Cunningham & Ferguson—[see nn. on pp. named ], places Bābur visited [475] -6;a Gūālīār dynasty’s term of rule [477] ; Chandīrī [592] -7, App. R, (plan); Gūālīār [605] -7 to [13] ; App. R, (plan); Saṃbhal [687] ; —Annual Report 1914—kos-mīnār [629] ; Hi”st on Karnal , D. Ibbetson—Mundāhirs [700] ; Hi”st of Mission to Kāshghar , Col. J. Biddulph’s art.—marāl [8] ; Hi”st” Persian Boundary Commission , W. T. Blanford’s art.—Pteroclas arenarius App. B, vi;—A. Gérard’s art.—irrigation-channels of Aūsh (Ūsh) [4] ; Hi”st” Settlement Operations etc. , Reid—old alluvium on the Gogrā [667] ;narrowing of the river [669] ; Reports (I. O. Library ) I, VI, VII, J. Wood—vine-culture [210] ;Ghūr-bund [214] ; bootr (a plant) [222] ;climate-shed [229] ; —VI, VII, D. Leach—[204] -5-6-13-38; —IX, X, Alex. Burnes—Kābul [199] ; unchanging trade-habits of Luḥānīs [235] . “Rescue-passage” [182] , App. D; Revenue Accounts (Bengal ), F. Gladwin—dating of 935 AH. [629] , App. S;Revenue resources of the Mughal Empire , E. Thomas—coin-values [446] ;Revenues various—Farghāna [12] , Rhétorique , Garçin de Tassy—combinaisons énigmatiques [202] .Ride from Samarkand to Herat , N. Grodekoff (trs. Marvin )—Pul-i-chīrāgh [69] ;Riyazu’s-salāt̤īn , Ghulām-i-husain—a Lūdī alliance [482] .Roads measured—Agra-Kabul [629] ;Munīr to camp by horse-paces [666] ; Chunār eastwards [659] . ruler, mist̤ār —a new one for copying the Wālidiyyah-risāla [643] . Russian Policy in Central Asia , Grigorief (Schuyler’s Turkistan App. IV)—Bābur’s embassy to Moscow App. Q, lxiii;Peter the Great’s embassy to Bukhara Preface p. liii. Sachau, C.—on the Malfūzāt-i-tīmūrī [653] . Ṣāḥih-i-bukhārī , Ismā‘īl Khartank —his native land [76] .Sainthood—courage a witness to [90] . Siyaru’l-muta‘akhirīn , Ghulām-i-ḥusain Khān—trepanning [105] .Salt, fidelity to [125] , [440] . Samarkand begs—action of [52] , [62] , [86] , [124] -5. Samarkandis—displeased with a Mīrzā [42] ;overjoyed at his death [52] ; no scarcity in a siege [64] ; move against Bukhārā [65] ; oppose Bābur [72] ; their orthodoxy [75] ; joy at Bābur’s return [131] -3. Sanctuary [63] . Sang-lākh see Dictionaries.Sārt, Sāīrt—Bābur’s serviceable use of the name [6] , [7] , [149] ;a “Sāīrt”’s blunder [169] . Science of Language , Max Müller—guest-tribes [227] .Bābur-nāma , Preface xlvii, xlviii.Second Afghan War (Official Account) —its maps [201] -6, [229] , [314] -32;Chār-dih [200] ; Qandahār App. J, xxxiii; ‘Alī-masjid [450] ; a valuable book in following Babur’s campaigns, [333] . Second Journey through Persia , J. J. Morier (Ḥājī Bābā)—a bird App. B, vi.Sects, Muḥammadan—Mātarīdiyah, Ash‘ariyah, Abū Ḥanīfa’s [75] -6, Shāhī Kings of Kābul , Sir Aurel Stein—[200] .Shāh-nāma , Firdausī [trs. Warner ] Chāchī bow, khadang arrows [13] ;Shaibānī-nāma , Muḥ. Ṣāliḥ Mīrzā [ed. Vambéry ]—[see nn. on pp. named ], writes “Shaibānī” not Shaibāq [12] ;Sh.’s marriages, with Bābur’s sister [17] -8, [147] , and with Zuhra Aūzbeg [126] -8; his dealings with Zuhra’s son ‘Alī [126] -8, with Bābur [144] -6-7, with the Chaghatāī Khāns [182] -3-4; later action [191] -2; —Taṃbal [145] , [244] ; others [40] , [62] , [101] , [196] ; Chīn Ṣūfī [242] -56; Khusrau Shāh’s jewels [144] ; Oghlāt (Dūghlāt) [22] ; Chirkas sword [65] ; Khwāst a hell [221] , bāghrī qarā App. B, v, vii;the book and its author [64] , [120] -1-7 [cf. Tuḥfa-i-Sāmī I.O. 655, f. 342 ]. Shajarat-i Turk , Abū’l-ghāzī Mīrzā [ed. Fræhn, trs. Désmaisons ]—[see nn. on pp. named ], “Nurīm” Sherīm etc. [29] ;an archer’s mark [34] ; san = dīm [154] ;tūghāī , tūqāī (bend of a river) [643] ;a Shabān sult̤ān [265] ; of Bābur’s descent see its Introduction. Shajaratu’l-atrāk , Aūlugh Beg Shahrukhī (trs. Miles)—Bābur’s descent see its Introduction.Sharaf-nāma , Sharaf Khān (trs. F. E. Charmoy )—Battle of Jām [635] .Sharafu’d-dīn ‘Alī Yazdī —his book on enigmas [201] ;his Z̤afar-nāma (see s.n. ) Preface xxix. Shaving—Bābur’s first [187] ; Shī‘a heresy—instances [258] -62-86, [111] (and return);Bābur’s fatal Shī‘a alliance, [347] -54-55-61, Preface xxxv. Sikh religion—Nānak’s exposition to Bābur [461] ;Nānak and Daulat Khān ib. Siyāsat-nāma [Traité de gouvernement ], Wazīr Niẕamu’l-mulk, [ed. C. Schefer ]—use of a whip in making count of an army [154] .Slaves—slave-women retaliate on their owner’s murderers [63] ,are captured at the Samarkand ditch [73] , taken by crocodiles [502] ; slave-agents in poisoning Bābur [541] ; —Shāh Beg’s faithful slave see Saṃbhal; the chief-slave [346] ; slave-trade between Hind and Kābul [202] ; —Mīnglī Bībī, a slave-woman [269] . Song by Wordsworth recalled—the “undying fish” [305] . Spanish Literature , Ticknor—Montalvan on Lope de Vega [287] .Sport and politics under an Eastern sky , Lord Ronaldshay—marāl [8] .” and Travel , F. C. Selous—marāl [8] . Square seal—Abū-sa‘īd’s [28] . Standards (tūgh , qūtās-tūgh )—acclaimed [155] ; Bābur’s [140] -66 etc. Sūlūku’l-mulūk , Faẓl b. Ruzbahān Isfahānī —value as a source [348] ;supports the form “Bābur” [356] . Supplément etc. , R. Dozy see Dictionaries.Swimming—man and horse in mail [140] , [237] ; Noticeable words :—T̤abaqāt-i-akbarī , Niz̤āmu’d-dīn Ahṃad—[see nn. on pp. named ], Bāburī Script [228] , App. Q, lxii;Jang-jang [370] ;date of Shāh Beg’s death [437] ; Hazāras serve Bābur [457] ; Gujrāt affairs [535] ; Multan affairs [699] ; Bābur’s Kashmīr force [692] -8; the author’s father [691] ; proposed supersession in Hind of Bābur’s sons [644] -88-92-93, discussed [702] ff.; the book plagiarized [693] . Hi”st -i-bāburi , Shaikh Zainu’d-dīn Khawāfī see B.N. and Zain. Hi”st -i-nāṣirī , Minhaj [trs. Raverty ] Sātūq-būghrā Khān [29] [where read T̤abaqāt ];Chandwāl [537] ; quoted by Bābur [479] ; described by Erskine [279] ; used in Appendix E, xxiii. t̤amghā (lit. stamp ), a transit or customs duty [250] ;forms the revenue of Kābul town ib. ; Ḥusain Bai-qarā marks his stamps Bih bud (valid ) [271] ; remission of [553] -95; a t̤amghāchī clerk [629] . Tārīkh-i-‘ālam-arāī , Mīr Sikandar—[see nn. on pp. named ], its Ṣafawī outlook [349] ;T̤ahmasp’s Aūzbeg campaign [622] ; Battle of Jām [623] ; insignificant appearance of ‘Ubaidu’l-lāh [636] . Hi”st -i-badāyūnī see Muntakhabu’t-tawārīkh . Hi”st -i-daudī , ‘Abdu’l-lāh—“Shaikh” and “Mīān” interchangeable titles [457] . Hi”st -i-firishta , Muḥ. Qāsim Firishta [trs. Major-Gen. J. Briggs ]—‘Umar Shaikh [13] ;a mistake [15] ; Bābur’s reluctance to rank himself with Tīmūr [134] ; his single combats [329] ; his sobriquet
[523] ; his Embassy to Persia [540] ; his siege of Chandīrī [596] ; —Yar-i-‘alī Balāl [91] ; Ghāzī Khan’s literary culture [460] ; the cognomen jān-dār [566] ; Badrū-ferry over Gogrā [667] ; —value of the book as a source [208] , [349] , [694] ; date of its revision [694] . Tārīkh-i-Gūālīārwār , Jalāl Ḥiṣārī and Hirā-man—Gūālīār [605] ;Khw. Raḥīm-dād [607] , [688] , [704] . Hi”st -i-Hājī Muḥ . ‘Ārīf Qandahārī —account of Qandahār [348] . Hi”st -i-Khān-i-jahān Lūdī , Ni‘amatu’l-lāh—helped in his book by Haibat Khan [693] . Hi”st -i-rashīdī , [Muḥ. ] Haidar Mirza Dūghlāt [ed. Ney Elias, trs. E. D. Ross ]—Places :—Ālmalīgh [2] ;Yītī-kīnt [11] ; Qilāt-i-nādarī [263] ; Qila‘-i-z̤afar [21] ; Herāt [306] ; Qandahār [Insc.] App. J, xxxv; Tribes etc. :—tūmān-begs [17] ;qūchīn [26] ;chuhra-jirga App. H, xxvii;Chaghatāīs and Mughūls distinguished [320] ; Chaghatāī or Timurid supremacy [344] , Begchīks [50] , [712] or Chīrās [155] ; Tarkhāns [31] ; Greek descent [317] ; Jīgrāks [55] ; Turkmān Hazāras [311] ; Persons :—12—App. A, iii; [21] , [23] , [32] , [48] , [62] ;Jahāngīr [183] , [254] -94-302, [195] -242-56, [249] -272, [273] ; [330] -41-96-7, [409] , [641] ; [694] -6; Varia :—fruit as food [3] ;yāk , qūt̤ās App. M, xlvii;on joint-rule [293] ; epoch-making events [20] , [35] , [158] , [182] , [350] ; Bābur :—name [17] ;character [194] , [320] ; Script App. Q, lxii; disastrous expedition (910 AH.) [241] ; relationships [246] ; single combats [349] ; Tramontane campaign [349] to [366] ; hospitality to exiles [350] ; a frontier affair [412] ; onset of last illness [706] ; Haidar :—his life saved [21] ;descent and other particulars [22] ; excuses his father [317] ; his list of tribes and chiefs valuable [415] ; his book of great and, perhaps, unique value for Bābur’s lacunæ [347] -8; referred to Preface xxxiv, xxxviii; his Codex xli, xlii (No. iv). Hi”st -i-salāt̤īn-i-afāghana , Aḥmad Yādgār [part-trs. E. & D. vol. I ]—Hindustan in 929 AH. [439] -40; Hi”st -i-shahrukhī , Niyāz Muḥ. Khukandī —tradition of a babe abandoned [358] . Hi”st -i-sher-shāhī , ‘Abbas Khān Sarwānī —“Shaikh” and “Mīān” [457] ; Hi”st -i-Sind , Muḥ. Ma‘ṣūm Bhakkarī —a chief authority [336] , [428] ; Tarkhān—suitable meaning [31] [where add ref. E. & D.’s H. of I. i, [300] , [20] , [21] , [498] ]privileges nine [250] ; not given to all Arghūn chiefs 249 n. [2] ; a merchant Tarkhān [133] ; marriages [49] , Preface xxviii; revolt [61] to [64] , [86] , [112] ; see s.n. Nine & H. Beveridge’s note on Etruscan names. Tarkhān-nāma or Arghūn-nāma , Sayyid Jamāl—a useful source [428] .Tawārīkh-i-guzīda —(Select Histories)—fashions of sitting and kneeling [33] , [54] -9;Tūlūn Khwāja Mughūl [66] ; supplements the B. N. [127] . Hi”st -i-ḥāfī-i-raḥmat-khānī (part-trs. H. Beveridge AQR. 1901)—Bībī Mubār-ika’s marriage with Bābur [375] , App. K, An Afghan Legend . Taz̤kirātu’sh-shu‘arā (Memoirs of Poets ) Daulat-shāh (ed. Browne )—[see nn. on pp. named ], Akhsīkītī [9] ;dates of Maḥmūd Mīrān-shāhī’s boyhood [46] ; Aḥmad Mushtāq [47] ; Hazārāspī [50] ; a couplet [85] ; Ḥusain Bāī-qarā [259] -60-73; Gāzur-gāhi’s good birth [281] ; Rabāt-i-sangbast [301] -30; Bih-būd Beg App. H, xxvi-vii; Rādagān-(town) [622] ; Jamī’s birthplace [623] ; —the author in the battle of Chīkmān-sarāī [46] ; one of his collaterals [274] . Hi”st -i-Sul[t]ān Sātūq-būghrā Khān —a seeming descendant [29] . Hi”st -i-Tahmāsp , Shāh T̤ahmāsp Ṣafawī (ed. D. C. Phillott )—Div Sult̤ān [635] ; Hi”st -i-Wāqi‘āt (var. ) Jauhar (trs. C. Stewart )—outside literary criticism [619] ;a date at which Bābur’s body lay near Kābul [709] . Tents —ālāchūq [188] ;Thesaurus , Meninsky—bāghrīqarā cry App. B, vi;baḥrī-qūt̤ās App. M, xlvi.Thomas, F. W., Ph.D.—his help App. J, lxxiv with Preface lii. Thorn-defences [487] . ‘-pūlād, buys a Codex of the W’āqi‘nāma-i-padshahī q.v. Three (Turkī) MSS. from Kāshghar [ed. Sir E. Denison Ross ]—the title Jūn-wang [567] .Through unknown Pamirs , O. Olufsen—yāk App. M, xlvii.The Times—on diverse names of a single place [209] . Tongues and utterance—Andijān Turkī [4] ;Farsī (Persian)-speaking Sārts of Asfara [7] ; Kābul’s polyglot tongues [207] ; Bābur on clipped Hindustanī utterance [380] , and on the words Kās and Sawālak [485] . Trade—[202] -35, [331] , [416] -85. Traditions—[4] , [5] ; one versed in [283] -4. Translators:—Bābur [Wal.-ris. ];E. C. Bayley (Mirāt ); A. S. Beveridge [s.n. ]; H. Beveridge [s.n. ]; H. Blochmann [s.n. ]; H. S. Jarrett [Ayīn ]; J. Briggs [Tar.-i-fir. ]; F. C. Charmoy [Sharaf-n. ]; W. Clarke [Dīwān-i-Ḥ.]; A. P. de Courteille [Méms. ]; Delmar-Morgan [Mong. ]; Desmaisons [Shaj.-i-Turk ]; E. B. Eastwick [Gul. ]; H. M. Elliot and J. Dowson [H. of I. ]; Forster & Daniel [Life of O. de B. ]; C. Hamilton [Hidāyat ]; W. H. Lowe & G. S. A. Ranking [Munt. ]; H. E. Lloyd [Travels ]; G. du Laurens [Voyages ]; C. E. Markham [Embassy ]; R. Marvin [Ride ]; W. Ouseley [Or. Geo. ]; F. Pélis de la Croix, elder & younger [Histoire ]; G. S. A. Ranking [see Lowe; and ‘Arūz ]; H. G. Raverty [T̤ab.-i-n. ]; M. Reinaud [Geo. ]; G. Sale [Qorān ]; B. R. Sanguinetti & T. Lee [Travels ]; H. Sastri [Rama. ]; C. Stewart [Taẕ. ]; A. Vambéry [Shai.-n. ]; Warner [Shāh-n. ]; E. H. Whinfield [Mas. and ‘Umar ]. Transliteration [2] . Transmigration [518] . Travels in Bukhara , Sir Alex. Barnes—[see nn. on pp. named ], nuzla , a Panj-āb disease [446] ;water-fall fishing [227] ; Tr”vel in Europe and Asia , Peter Mundy (ed. Sir R. Temple )—baoli (a well) [533] ;Tr”vel in India , Pietro della Vallé—the morning-draught [395] .Tr”vel of Ibn Batūta (trs. Sanguinetti & Lee )—Samarkand the Protected City [75] , Add. N.P. [75] ;Tr”vel in Kashmir , G. T. Vigne—yāk and kosh-gau App. M, xlv-vii.Tr”vel in Panj-āb (etc. ), Mohan Lall—Herāt [305] -6;Qandahār Insc. App. J; Bābur’s burial-place [710] . Tr”vel of the Russian Mission , G. Timkovsky [trs. H. E. Lloyd ] fruit as food [3] .Tr”vel on the Upper and Lower Amoor , T. W. Atkinson—marāl [8] .Tribes and Castes of the N. W. P. and Oude , W. Crooke—Jats [454] ;Tribes and other groups:—Afghān :—‘Abdu’r-raḥmān [403] ;Afrīdī [411] -2; Aūghān [217] -20; Aūrūq-zāī [526] ; Bīlūt [248] ; Bīrkī [207] ; Dilah-zāk [231] , [367] -94, [412] -3; Dilah-zāk Ya‘qūb-khail [394] ; Gagīānī [251] ; Ghiljī [323] -31; ‘Isa-khail [233] ; Jasawāl var. Jaswān [462] ; Jalwānī see Index I; Khattak [439] ; Khirilchī [208] -20-49-413; Khiẓr-khail [413] ; Khūgīānī [220] ; Kīwī [233] ; Kūrānī, Kārānī, Kararānī [233] , [477] ; Landar [220] ; Lūdī [481] , Index I; Lūdī khaṣa-khail i.e. Sahū-khail [465] ; Lūdī Sarang-khānī [540] , [654] ; Luḥānī see Nuḥanī; Mahmand [221] , [323] -31-45; Muḥammad-zāī [376] (where read as here ); Nīā-zāī [233] ; Nuḥānī [235] (cf. 455 n. 3 ), Index I; Pānī [540] ; Pashāī(?) [207] ; Samū-khail (Khīrīlchī?) [412] ; Sūr [233] ; Tarkalānī [242] , [424] ; Tūrī [220] ; Wazīrī [413] ; Yūsuf-zāī [231] , [371] -3-5-6, [400] -10-19; —Afghāns of Bhīra [399] , Ghazni [218] , Sind riverain [218] -36, Kābul [207] -21; —Afghān thieves [208] , [341] ; Afghān warrings in Hind [426] , and power [480] -1; serving Bābur [522] ; bad-mannered [451] ;— Aūz-beg (“Ūzbeg ”):—[2] , [37] , [135] , [622] , Index I;Aūz-beg Qāzzāq (“Cossack ”) [23] ; Aūz-beg Mankfīt [195] ;— Chaghatāī (i.e. Chaghatāī Khān’s tribal appanage):—extinct but for their Khāns in 1547 (953 AH.) Tār. Rash. trs. [149] ;near Herī [320] , [689] ; its Kohbur clan [55] ; high families in, Sighal [66] , [72] , Nawā’ī’s (Index I ); distinguished from Mughūls [320] , [351] , Turks [340] ;— Mughūls of the Horde :—[105] -92;tūmans (groups of 10,000 ):—Bārīn [19] , [473] ;Begchīk [155] ; Chīrās [158] ; Sāghārīchī [20] ; sub-divisions (?):—Bīshāghī (var. ) [473] ;Darbān [60] ; Itārajī [161] , [415] ; Jalair [91] ; Kūnchī [20] ; Qālmāq [23] ; Manghīt [101] [2965] ; —Mughūl devastation [2] , [98] , [172] , [362] ; faithlessness [105] , [140] etc. ; conduct on the Chīr [17] , [31] -4; the Horde divided [19] ; its dislike for cultivated lands [12] ; its āīmāqs in open land [221] -54-55; return from enforced migration [20] , [350] -1;— Turk :—Afshār [354] ;Aūīghūr (Awīghūr , Uīghūr ) [40] , [118] ; its Ishrit clan [40] , [65] ; Barlās [51] , [429] , Index I; Barlās Dūldāī [25] , [37] ; Daryā-khānī [231] , [589] ; Istiljū [353] ; Khilij [482] ; Qīpchāq [19] , [49] ; —Turks of Andijān [4] , Kabul-lowlands [207] -15-21; early Turk rulers of Kābul [200] ; contrasted with Sārts [149] ; —Uses of the name, “Mughūl and Turk” [158] , [402] , “Chaghatāī and Turk” [340] ; “Turk and Tīmūrid” one [380] -2-4-8-9; probable statement of B.’s descent [320] ; his claim to rule in Hind, based on Turk descent [380] -2-4, [476] -9; Turk warning to Bīāna [529] ;— Turkmān :—White-sheep Horde [49] (where read White for “Black” );—its Bahārlū clan [49] ; its Balāl [91] and Bayandar [279] ; —Black-sheep Horde [10] ; Qajar [666] ; Turkmāns serve Bābur [47] , [279] , [361] ; —features [111] ; —Hazāras (infra ); Tūrūq-shār [101] ;— Various :—‘Arab [207] , [522] , [631] ;Arlāt (Turk?) [265] ; Ashpārī [101] ; Asiqānchī [var. Saqānchī] [197] ; Balūchī [383] , [459] , [522] ; Bengali (race) [482] ; Būgīāl [452] ; Kāfir [212] -3, [342] -72, [421] ; Kakar (var. ) [387] -9; Kas [484] ; Kīb (or Kītib) [393] ; Meos [577] ; Farsī (Persian, race) [7] , [207] , [507] -55; Ghiyās-wāl (or -dāl) [393] ; Gūjūr [250] , [379] -87, [454] ; Habshi [483] ; Janjuha-khail and Jūd-khail [379] -80-87; Jats [250] , [387] , [454] ; Jīgrāk (var. ) [55] , [101] ; Nīkdīrī (var. ) [196] -7, [200] -1-7, [275] , [326] , [430] (cf. E. & D. iv, [304] , Tukdari ) Nīl-ābī [379] (see Index II ); Parājī [207] ;— Rājpūt;— Chūhān [573] , Tānk sept [481] ;— Tājik [6] , [207] , [420] , [535] ;— Hazāra (1000):—Gadāī or Kīdī [250] ,Qārlūq [391] -3, [403] ; Rustāq [or Rusta] [196] ; Sl. Mas‘ūdī [221] -8, [525] ; Turkmān [27] , [214] -51, [311] to [313] ; Hazāras :—w. of Kābul [200] -7-22, [430] ;e. of the Sind [457] , [522] ; in the open country of Ghazni [218] , Kābul [221] , Heri-rūd valley [308] ; refuge taken amongst [95] ; traversed [254] . Tribute—Jīgrāk [55] , Tuḥfa-i-sāmī (a Turkī anthology ), Sām M. Ṣafawi —Marwārīd [278] ;The twelve Imāms, [258] , [354] . Turkī tongue, Preface xxvii, Cap. iv. Turkistan , Alex. Petzhold—Ṣārts [6] .Hi”st E. Schuyler—[see nn. on pp. named ],Farghāna :—extent of [2] ,various [5] , [6] , [8] ; (wind) [9] ; (out-of-doors life) [29] ; kūk-būrā (a game) [39] ;Old Akhsī App. A; Ṣārts [6] ;— Samarkand :—[67] , [74] -5-7, [83] ,(Aūrgūt) [68] ; Kesh [83] ; Various :—Sarā-tāq pass [129] ;Lake Iskandar ib. Hazrat Turkistan (shrine) [356] ; a distance [9] ; a lizard [501] ;— Bābur’s Moscow Embassy App. Q, lxiii; Gregorief’s Russian Policy , (App. iv trs. ) Preface, liii. Hi”st Franz v. Schwarz—autumn fever [4] ;running-waters [4] , recipe for ma‘jūn [16] ; yīghāch (measure) [4] ;a Kīrghis measure [196] ; loess constructions [30] ; charkh (a hunting bird) [224] ;Mogol-tau [8] ; duties of the Lord of the Gate [24] ; kūk būrā , baiga [39] ;Greek descent [22] ; various App. A, v. Tūzūk-i-jahāngīrī , Jahāngīr Pādshāh (trs. Rogers and Beveridge )—Bugials [452] ;Daulat Khān Lūdī [461] ; measures [189] ; birds [497] ; kīshmīsh [515] ;couplet [670] ; metrical amusement App. Q, lxvi-vii; its titles for Bābur varied ib. lxi; Jahāngīr’s additions to the B.N. App. D, xiii, Preface xlv (No. viii), lii; his pilgrimage to B.’s burial-garden App. V, lxxx; his stay in B.’s Garden ib. Noticeable words :—tabalghū , a tree [11] ;tāsh-chantāī , outside bag (?) [160] ;t̤āsh , stone confused with tāsh , outer [3] , [43] , [78] , [80] , [160] ;t̤aūrī , complete, enclosed [109] , [280] , [501] (where this better describes the koel’s song );tipūchāq a horse and its points [38] ;tīr-gīẓ , arrow [34] ;tīrik [36] , [362] ;P. tū , turn of a hill [205] -8 etc. ; tūlūk vegetable food, other than grain [114] ;tūn-yārīm , half-dark [100] ;tūrā (ordinances) [38] ,tūrā (army mantelets) [108] -13-55, [368] , [469] , [593] ;tūmān , 10,000, a district command [17] ;tūq-bāī , one using a standard [313] ;tūlghuma s.n. Military;tusqāwal [224] , [314] ;tūghāī and tuqāī [643] .‘Umar Khayyām’s Quatrains (trs. E. H. Whinfield )—a couplet Babur’s words recall [203] .Upper Basin of the Kābul-river , Sir C. Markham (PRGS. 1879 )—Hindu-kush passes [204] ,maps of Koh-i-baba [216] . Veliaminof-Zernof, editor of the Sharaf-nāma [635] and Abūshqa App. Q, lxiii. Vergleichunge-Tabellen des Muh. and Christlichen Zeitrechnung , F. Wüstenfeld—dates of 935 AH. [629] , App. S.Verses:—of untraced authorship [332] , [316] and [670] ; Vikramāditya Era [79] (where read began). Virgil—citron-juice as an antidote [511] ; Visit to Ghuzni (etc. ), G. T. Vigne—[see nn. on pp. named ],Visit to Kafiristan , W. W. Macnair (PRGS. 1884 )—Nīng-nahār App. E, xxiii.Voyage dans le Turkistan , Fedtschenko (trs. G. du Laurens )—Sang-aina, Mirror-stone, [7] .Hi”st dans l’Asie septentrionale , P. S. Pallas—āq kīyīk, argālī (Ovis poli) [6] . Hi”st des Pélerins Bouddhistes , S. A. Julien—Nanganahāra App. E, xviii. Voyages en Perse et autres lieux d’Orient , Jean Chardin—lovers’-marks [16] ;square seal [28] ; Sīkīz-yīldūz, Eight-stars [139] ; kipkī “casbeké” (a coin) [296] ;epistolary etiquette [332] . Wāqi‘-nāma-i-pādshāhī (Record of Royal Acts), ‘Abdu’l-wahhāb akhund of Ghajdāvān (1709)—(found mentioned as the Bābur-nāma, the “Bukhārā Bābur-nāma” and the “Bukhārā Compilation” )—for its seeming author’s colophon JRAS. 1900, p. 474 and Preface lvii;its divergence from the true text Preface xxxix, its element of true text (Kāmrān’s tattered Codex) li; its dual purpose xxxix, lxii; its character xl; its stop-gaps xlv; its use by Leyden xlviii; Described (as it is in Kehr’s transcript ):—Preface, Cap. III, Parts I and III;its history liii, author and colophon lvii, (cf. JRAS. 1900, p. 474); its identity confused with Bābur’s true text Preface, Cap. III, Part III; Its descendants and offtakes Table lvii;— (a ) Petrograd F. O. Codex (an indirect copy (?)), described by purchaser as Bābur-nāma , Preface xliii-iv; (b ) Pet. F. O. School of Oriental Languages Codex, entitled Bābur-nāma , scribe G. J. Kehr—referred to in loco :—diction of the Farghāna Section [1] , of the Kābul Sect. [187] , of the Hindūstān Sect. [445] ; its Persified character exemplified [147] , [150] , [167] , and Add. Note, [177] , (cf. JRAS. 1908, pp. 76, 88 ); its Latin version App. J, xxxv, Preface liv;— Other references [9] , [18] , [19] , [44] -8, [88] , [164] , [169] ; Full contents :—Preface lii;their reconstruction by Ilminski lii-iv, (cf. his own Preface JRAS. 1900 and a separate form in B.M., I.O., R.A.S. Libraries, etc. ); the “Fragments” Preface xlv (No. viii), lii, (in loco ) [438] , [549] , (a discussion ) [574] , [630] , [640] (cf. JRAS. 1900-6-8); (c ) The “Bābur-nāma ” Imprint (constructed and edited by ) N. I. Ilminski—referred to in loco , App. D, [227] -59, [336] , [420] , App. I, xxxii; modelled on the L. and E. Memoirs of Baber [326] , [337] , App. T, lxxiv, Preface lii (cf. Ilminski’s Preface ref. supra ), [574] ; Preface:—its Kasan publication li; its deviation from its sole basis (Kehr’s Codex ) lii; Ilminski’s work and some results lii, with n. 1 mid-page, liv; his doubts and achievement of a Turki reading book see his own Preface ref. supra ; (d ) Mémoires de Bāber , (French trs. of Ilminski’s Bābur-nāma ) A. Pavet de Courteille—referred to in loco , [215] , [227] , [346] , [347] , [407] , [446] , [478] , [489] , [559] , [632] , App. T, lxxviii, App. M, xlv;— the Mubīn not recognized [449] , [630] ; an illness [619] ; mistakenly controverted [468] ; surmised ground on which it accepted the “Rescue Passage” App. D, xiv; its help in considering Shaikh Zain’s compositions [553] , [559] ;— questioned readings [223] -5, [327] -33-69, [421] (chīūrtīka ), [462] -70, [534] , [617] -19-38-40-47; a surmise discussed [574] ;— reviewed by Defrémery [562] ; its title Preface xxxiii, translation li, source liv, diction lix. Water—water-thief [109] , Wedding-gifts—[43] , [400] . Wednesday (Chār-shaṃba )—coincidences of the day [71] . Wells—chambered (wāīn , baoli ) [532] -3; White cloth—traded [202] ; Whiteway, Mr. R. S.—his help App. B, vii. Wilāyat = Kābul [414] . With the Kuram Field-Force , J. A. S. Colquhoun—a route [231] .Wine (i.e. any fermented liquor )—‘arāq (spirit) [385] -6-7-8, [453] -61-76;mahuwa-flower [505] ; beer [423] ; cider (chagīr ) [83] , Add. Note, P. [83] ; wines of Bukhārā [83] , Herī [265] , Kābul:—Ālā-sāī [221] , Dara-i-nūr [210] , [410] , App. G; Ghazni [461] , Kābul-tumān [203] , Nijr-aū [213] ;— Kāfiristan [211] -12, [372] ;— rules in use :—drinking-days [33] -4, [111] , [447] ;one liquor only [386] ; no-pressure on a non-drinker [406] -10; wine-parties :—Bābur protests against excess [398] ;excludes drunkards [419] , is disgusted by drunken uproar [386] and by beer-intoxication [423] ; gives his followers freedom to do as Herātīs did [304] ; givers of “wines”, Khw. Kalān [371] -5, [461] , Shāh Beg [400] , the Bāī-qarā Mirzas [299] , [302] , Khw. Muḥ. ‘Alī [411] (a business-party), [413] ;— Bābur’s breaches of Law not committed till cir. his 28th year [83] , [355] ;resisted temptation in Herāt [299] , etc. — his parties associated with beauty of scene, e.g. autumnal [414] -16-18; in his gardens [412] , [406] and [420] ; under a plane-tree [405] , at Istālīf [406] , near an illuminated camp [450] ; after and before long marches (frequent ); mention made of (925 AH.) [375] -85-88, [408] -10-14-15-16-17-19; (926 AH.) [420] -1-2-3-4; (932 AH.) [447] , [450] -53-61; (933 AH.) [537] ;— drinks a few cups to console [418] , out of courtesy in a charmless place [424] ; “morning” [395] -8, [415] -20-22; gallops when not sober [388] -98;— Other Law-breakers Preface xxix, [16] , [33] -4, [45] , [70] , [134] , [259] -68-73, (woman) [36] , [417] ;Herātīs [259] , Ḥiṣāris [42] , Pich-Kāfirs [22] ;— Parties accompanied by improvisation [26] ,dancing [299] , music (usually ); (for return to obedience see Law and Index I s.n. Bābur ). Wordsworth’s “undying fish” recalled [305] . Workmen—Tīmūr’s [77] , [520] ; Bābur’s [520] , [634] . Wray, Mr. Cecil and Mr. Leonard—their help [495] , [502] . Yajuj and Majuj (Gog and Magog ) [560] . Yāqūt see Dictionary of Towns. Noticeable words :—Yada-tāsh , jade-stone see Magic;yāghrūnchī , divination from sheep’s-blades [233] ;yīghāch , tree, wood [11] , [81] ;yīghāch see Measures;yīgīt , a brave [16] , [53] , [70] , App. H, xxvii;yīlāq , alp see i.a. Yār- and Būrka-;yīnka-chīcha , maternal-uncle’s mother-in-law (?);yīnkalīk , levirate [23] , [267] , [306] , [616] ;yūkūnmāk , to bend the knee [301] ;yūsūnlūq , hereditary [23] .Z̤afar-nāma (Book of Victory i.e. Tīmūr’s) Maulana Sharafu’d-dīn ‘Ali Yazdī —[see nn. on pp. named ], places [10] , [74] -8, [83] -4;persons [39] , [272] ; meaning of Sawālak [485] ; Tīmūr’s capture of Qarshī [134] ; his burial at a saint’s feet [266] ; his workmen [77] , [520] ; partly translated in Histoire de Tīmūr Beg q.v. ; the book and its main basis, the Malfūzāt-i-tīmūrī Preface xxix, xxx, its author xxxiii. Zainu’d-dīn Khawāfī (Shaikh Zain)’s writings—(1) T̤abaqāt-i-bāburī q.v. ; (2) Mubīn , a Commentary on Bābur’s Mubīn [438] ; (3) Farmān announcing Bābur’s renouncement of wine and remission of t̤amghā -tax [553] ; (4) Fatḥ-nāma of the victory at Kānwa [559] to [574] ; Bābur’s reason for inserting it (4) in his book [559] ; the sole Letter of victory so preserved [561] ; grounds against supposing Bābur wrote a plain Turkī account of the battle [574] .