[75] We employ intentionally the word republic, because all the ancient authors give this name to the State, under the kings as well as under the emperors. It is only by translating faithfully these denominations that we can form an exact idea of ancient societies.
[76] “We acknowledge how many good and useful institutions the Republic owed to each of our kings.” (Cicero, De Republica, II. 21.)
[77] “Among the Romans, the children possess nothing of their own during their father’s life. He can dispose not only of all the goods, but even of the lives of his children.” (Dionysius of Halicarnassus, VIII. 79; II. 25.)
[78] Dionysius of Halicarnassus, II., 25, 26.—“From the beginning,” says Mommsen, “the Roman family presented, in the moral order which reigned among its members, and their mutual subordination, the conditions of a superior civilisation.” (Roman History, 2nd edit., I., p. 54.)
[79] “Morals were so pure that, during two hundred and thirty years, no husband was known to repudiate his wife, nor any woman to separate from her husband.” (Plutarch, Parallel of Theseus and Romulus.)
[80] Cicero admires the profound wisdom of the first kings in admitting the conquered enemies to the number of the citizens. “Their example,” he says, “has become an authority, and our ancestors have never ceased granting the rights of citizens to conquered enemies.” (Oration for Balbus, xxxi.)
[81] Roman colonies (coloniæ civium cum jure suffragii et honorum).—First period: 1-244 (under the kings).
Cænina (Sabine). Unknown.
Antemnæ (Sabine). Unknown.
Cameria (Sabine). Destroyed in 252. Unknown.
Medullia (Sabine). Sant’-Angelo.—See Gell., Topogr. of Rome, 100.
Crustumeria (Sabine). Unknown.
Fidenæ (Sabine). Ruins near Giubileo and Serpentina. Re-colonised in 326. Destroyed, according to an hypothesis of M. Madvig.
Collatia.
Ostia (the mouth of the Tiber). Ruins between Torre Bovacciano and Ostia.
Latin colonies (coloniæ Latinæ).—First period: 1-244 (under the kings).
We cannot mention with certainty any Latin colony founded at this epoch, from ancient authorities. The colonies of Signia and Circeii were both re-colonized in the following period, and we shall place them there.