Water Supply: the Present Practice of Sinking and Boring Wells / With Geological Considerations and Examples of Wells Executed

by Ernest Spon

• Planes of bedding, [12]
• Plant, Dru’s system, [114], [115]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [99]
• —— well sinking, [40]-58
• —— well boring, [61-79]
• Plug, tube straightening, [140], [149]
• Plugs for tamping, [52]
• Ponders End, wells at, [187], [197]
• Porous soils, [8]
• Position of outcrop, [18]
• —— of well, [207]
• Pot mizer, [57]
• Preparations for sinking, [40]
• Pricker, [50]
• Primary beds, [5], [9]
• Principles of blasting, [45]
• Prong grapnel, [139], [149]
• Pudsey Hall, well at, [198]
• Pumps, Mather and Platt’s, [149]-154
• Quantity of brickwork in wells, [205]
• Quicksand, modes of piercing, [98]
• Rainfall, [24]
• —— on new red sandstone, [37]
• —— on outcrop, [11]
• —— tables of, [28]-32
• Rain-gauge, instructions for using, [24]
• Ratcliffe, wells at, [198]
• Rate of boring, [207], [208]
• —— ——, Dru, [123]
• —— of working, Mather and Platt’s, [137]
• Reculvers, section at, [12]
• Regent’s Park, wells at, [198]
• Rhætic beds, [5]
• Richmond, wells at, [198]
• Rimers, [68]
• Riming spring, [68]
• Ring for broken rods, [64]
• River deposits, [22]
• Rock, chisels for, [62], [87], [102], [115], [132]
• —— intersected by dyke, [4]
• —— sinking in, [44]
• Rod guides, Dru’s, [121]
• —— joints, Dru’s, [121]
• —— at Passy, [86], [89]
• Rods, boring, [64], [65]
• —— boring, Dru’s, [120], [121]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [101]
• —— remarks on, [126], [127]
• Romford, well at, [198]
• Rope, boring with, [60], [130]
• Ross, well at, [165], [166]
• Rotherhithe, wells at, [198]
• Ruislip, well at, [198]
• Running sands, Dru’s system, [125]
• Saffron Walden, well at, [198]
• St. Helens, wells at, [166]
• Sand, [11]
• —— Mather and Platt’s system, [143]
• Sandhurst, well at, [198]
• Sandstone, new red, [35]
• Sandwich, well at, [198]
• Scaffolding for boring, [71]
• Scratcher, [58]
• Screw grapnel, [139], [142]
• Screw-jacks, [144], [145]
• Searching for water, [9]
• Secondary beds, [5]
• Setting rain-gauge, [24]
• Shallow surface springs, [21]
• Sheer-frame, boring, _Frontispiece_, [72]
• Sheer-legs, [69]
• Sheerness, wells at, [198]
• Shell, [63], [122]
• —— at Passy, [90]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [105]
• —— or auger, [63]
• —— pump, Mather and Platt’s, [134], [136]
• —— —— jammed, [141], [142]
• Shoreditch, well at, [198]
• Shorne Meade Fort, well at, [198]
• Shortlands, well at, [199]
• Shot-holes, boring, [48]
• —— in wet stone, [50]
• Sinkers’ bucket, [67], [150]
• Sinking mine shafts, [93]
• —— plant for, [96]
• —— with drum curb, [42]
• Sinkings in Durham, [93]
• —— in hard rock, [44]-53, [94]
• Site for rain-gauge, [24]
• Slate, rainfall on, [27]
• Slope of hills, outcrop on, [19]
• Slough, wells at, [199]
• Small-shot system in blasting, [44]
• Smithfield, well at, [199]
• Snow, measuring fall of, [25]
• South America, rainfall, [31]
• Southend, well at, [199]
• Southwark, wells at, [199]
• Speed of holing with hand-drills, [48]

• Spitalfields, well at, [199]
• Spithead, well at, [146]
• Spring, definition, [1]
• —— cutter for tubes, [78], [79]
• —— darts, [67]
• —— pole, [61]
• Springs, [1], [2]
• —— in alluvium, [7]
• —— in drift, [6]
• —— in chalk, [7]
• —— in permeable strata, [1]
• —— surface, [21]
• Staffordshire, thickness of trias, [36]
• —— wells in, [162], [163]
• Steam jet for ventilation, [52]
• Steel for drills, [47]
• Steining, [40], [43], [54-59]
• Stemmer or tamping bar, [51]
• Step-ladder, [139], [141]
• Stifford, well at, [199]
• Stockwell Green, wells at, [199]
• Stone steining, [55]
• Storing well-water, [206]
• Strata, disturbances of the, [32]
• —— table of, [202], [203]
• Stratford, wells at, [199]
• Stratified rock, blasting in, [46]
• Streatham, well at, [199]
• Stud-block, [66]
• Sudbury, well at, [199]
• Sulphuretted hydrogen in wells, [210]
• Superficial area, extent of, [11]
• Superintending well-work, hints on, [206]
• Surface, height of strata above, [23]
• —— of outcrop, [11]
• —— springs, [21]
• Swanage, Dorset, well at, [167]
• Tables of excavation in wells, [204]
• —— rainfall, [28]-32
• —— of strata, [202], [203]
• Tamping, [50], [51]
• —— bar, [51]
• —— tools, [50]-52
• T-chisels, [62]
• Tempering boring chisels, [209]
• Tertiary beds, [5]
• —— district, division of, [34]
• Testing machine, for tubbing, [108], [109]
• Thames Street, Upper, well at, [200]
• Tillers, [62], [65]
• Timber steining, [55]
• Tongs, [67]
• Tools for well boring, [62]-79
• Top rods, [65], [66]
• Tottenham, wells at, [199]
• Tottenham Court Road, well at, [199]
• Tower Hill, well at, [199]
• Trafalgar Square, well at, [199]
• Trepan at Passy, [85]
• —— Dru’s first, [113]
• —— Kind-Chaudron system, [101]-105
• —— Kind’s, [86], [87]
• Trias strata, [35], [36], [155]
• Tubbing, [94], [95]
• —— pass pipes for, [98]
• —— placing Kind-Chaudron, [108], [109]
• —— testing machine for, [108], [109]
• Tube clamps, [67]
• —— forcing apparatus, [74], [144]-148
• —— grapnel, [139], [149]
• —— joints, [66], [75]
• —— well, American, [81]
• Tubes, [66], [143]
• Tubing, when necessary, [73]
• Tunnels or headings, [53], [54]
• Underpinning, [40]
• Upchurch, wells at, [199], [200]
• Upper Thames Street, well, at, [200]
• Uxbridge, wells at, [200]
• Valleys, drift in, [6]
• —— outcrop in, [18]
• Valve for mizer, [56], [57]
• Valves for shell, [64], [122], [123], [134]
• Vauxhall, well at, [200]
• V-chisels, [62]
• Wad-hook, [64]
• Waltham Abbey, well at, [200]
• Walthamstow Marsh, well at, [200]
• Wandsworth, wells at, [200]
• Warwickshire, thickness of trias, [36]
• Water in new red sandstone, [38]
• —— measure and weight in wells, [204]
• —— searching for, [9]
• Water-bearing deposits, value of, [10]
• —— strata, height of, above surface, [23]
• —— —— sinking through, [56], [93]
• Well, Artesian, definition, [2]
• —— —— causes of failure, [2]-4
• —— boring, [60]-80
• —— sinking, [40]

• Well-water, storing, [206]
• Wealden clay, [5]
• Wedging cribs, [94], [95]
• Weight of water in wells, [204]
• Westbourne Grove, well at, [200]
• West Drayton, wells at, [200]
• West Ham, wells at, [102]
• West India Dock, well at, [201]
• Westminster, wells at, [201]
• Wet stone, shot-holes in, [50]
• Whitechapel, wells at, [201]
• Willesden, well at, [201]
• Wimbledon, wells at, [201]
• Windsor station well, [160]
• Windsor, wells at, [201]
• —— wells at Old, [197]
• Winchfield, well at, [189]
• Windlass, [42], [60], [72]
• Winkfield Plain, well at, [201]
• Witham, well at, [201]
• Withdrawing tools, [64]
• Withdrawing tubes, [74]-79
• Wolverhampton, wells at, [166]
• Wooden drum curb, [41], [42]
• —— rods, [89], [101], [106]
• Wood tubbing, [95]
• Woodley Lodge, well at, [201]
• Woolwich beds, [5]
• —— wells at, [201]
• Worm-auger, [64]
• Wormley, wells at, [201]
• Wormwood Scrubbs, well at, [201]
• Wrought-iron tubes, [66]

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

---