Popular scientific lectures - Ernst Mach

Painted things, the difference between real and, [68].
Palestrina, [44].
Parameter, [257].
Partial tones, [390].
Particles, smallest, [104].
Pascheles, Dr. W., [285].
Paulsen, [338], [340], [373].
Pearls of life, strung on the individual as on a thread, [234]-[235].
Pencil surpasses the mathematician in intelligence, [196].
Pendulum, motion of a, [144] et seq.,
increased motion of, due to slight impulses, [21];
electrical, [110].
Percepts, of like form, [390].
Periodical, changes, [181];
series, [256].
Permanent, changes, [181], [199];
elements of the world, [194].
Perpetual motion, a, [181];
defined, [139];
impossibility of, [139] et seq.;
the principle of the, excluded, [140] et seq.;
excluded from general physics, [162].
Personality, its nature, [234]-[235].
Perspective, [76] et seq.;
contraction of, [74] et seq.;
distortion of, [77].
Pessimism and optimism, [234].
Pharaohs, [85].
Phenomenology, a universal physical, [250].
Philistine, modes of thought of, [223].
Philology, comparison in, [239].
Philosopher, an ancient, on the moral and physical sciences, [89].
Philosophy, its character at all times, [186];
mechanical, [155] et seq., [188], [207], [259] et seq.
Phonetic alphabets, their economy, [192].
Photography, by the electric spark, [318] et seq.
Photography of projectiles, [309]-[337].
Photography, stupendous advances of, [74].
Physical, concepts, fetishism in our, [187];
ideas and principles, their nature, [204];
inquiry, the economical nature of, [186];
research, object of [207], [209].
Physical phenomena, as mechanical phenomena, [182];
relations between, [205].
Physico-mechanical view of the world, [155], [187], [188], [207] et seq.
Physics, compared to a well-kept household, [197];
economical experience, [197];
the principles of, descriptive, [199];
the methods of, [209];
its method characterised, [211];
comparison in, [239];
the facts of, qualitatively homogeneous, [255];
how it began, [37];
helped by psychology, [104];
study of its own character, [189];
the goal of, [207], [209].
Physiological psychology, its methods, [211] et seq.
Physiology, its scope, [212].
Piano, its mirrored counterpart, [100] et seq.;
used to illustrate the facts of sympathetic vibration, [25] et seq.
Piano-player, a speaker compared to, [192].
Picture, physical, a, [110].
Pike, learns by experience, [267].
Pillars of Corti, [19].
Places, heavy bodies seek their, [224] et seq.
Planetary system, origin of, illustrated, [5].
Plasticity of organic nature, [216].
Plateau, his law of free liquid equilibrium, [9];
his method of getting rid of the effects of gravity, [4].
Plates of oil, thin, [6].
Plato, [347], [371].
Plautus, [347].
Playfair, [138].
Pleasant effects, cause of, [94] et seq.
Pliny, [349].
Poetry and science, [30], [31], [351].
Poinsot, on the foundations of mechanics, [152] et seq.
Polarisation, [91];
abstractly described by Newton, [242].
Politics, Chinese speak with unwillingness of, [374].
Pollak, [299].
Polyp plant, humanity likened to a, [235].
Pompeii, [234];
art in, [80].
Popper J., [172], [216].
Potential, social, [15];
electrical, [121] et seq.;
measurement of, [126];
fall of, [177];
swarm of notions in the idea of, [197];
its wide scope, [250].
Pottery, invention of, [263].
Prediction, [221] et seq.
Prejudice, the function, power, and dangers of, [232]-[233].
Preparatory schools, the defects of the German, [346]-[347];
what they should teach, [364] et seq.
Pressure of a stone or of a magnet, will compared to, [14];
also [157].
Primitive acts of knowledge the foundation of scientific thought, [190].
Problem, nature of a, [223].
Problems which are wrongly formulated, [308].
Process, Carnot's, [161] et seq.
Projectiles, the effects of the impact of, [310], [327]-[328];
seen with the naked eye, [311], [317];
measuring the velocity of, [332];
photography of, [309]-[337].
Prony's brake, [132].
Proof, nature of, [284].
Prophesying events, [220] et seq.
Psalms, quotation from the, [89].
Pseudoscope, Wheatstone's, [96].
Psychology, preceded by astronomy, [90];
how reached, [91] et seq.;
helps physical science, [104];
its method the same as that of physics, [207] et seq.
Pully arrangement, illustrating principle of least superficial area, [12]-[13].
Purkinje, [284], [285], [291], [299].
Purposes, the acts of nature compared to, [14]-[15];
nature pursues no, [66].
Puzzle-lock, a, [26].
Puzzles, [277].
Pyramid of oil, [6].
Pythagoras, his discovery of the laws of harmony, [32], [259].

Quality of tones, [36].
Quantitative investigation, the goal of, [180].
Quantity of electricity, [111], [118], [119], [167]-[170], [173];
of heat, [166], [167]-[171], [174], [177], [244];
of motion, [184].
Quests made of the inquirer, not by him, [30].
Quételet, [15], footnote.

Rabelais, [283].
Raindrop, form of, [3].
Rameau, [34].
Reaction and action, principle of, [191].
Reactions, disclosure of the connexion of, [270] et seq.
Realgymnasien, [365].
Realschulen, [365], [373].
Reason, stands above the senses, [105].
Reflex action, [210].
Reflexion, produces symmetrical reversion of objects, [93] et seq.
Refraction, [29], [193], [194], [208], [230], [231].
Reger, [328].
Reliefs, photographs of, [68].
Repetition, its rôle in æsthetics, [89], footnote, [91] et seq., [97], [98] et seq., [390].
Reproduction of facts in thought, [189], [193], [198], [253].
Repulsion, electric, [109] et seq., [168].
Research, function of experimental [181];
the aim of, [205].
Resemblances between facts, [255].
Resin, solution of, [7].
Resistance, laws of, for bodies travelling in air and fluids, [333] et seq.
Resonance, corporeal, [392].
Response of sonorous bodies, [25].
Retina, the corresponding spots of [98];
nerves of compared to fingers of a hand, [96] et seq.
Reversible processes, [161] et seq., [175], [176], [181], [182].
Rhine, the, [94].
Richard the Third, [77].
Riddles, [277].
Riders, [379].
Riegler, [319].
Riess, experiment with the thermo-electrometer, [133] et seq., [169].
Rigid connexions, [142].
Rind of a fruit, [190].
Rings of oil, illustrating formation of rings of Saturn, [5].
Ritter, [291], [299].
Rods of Corti, [19].
Rolph, W. H., [216].
Roman Church, Latin introduced with the, [340] et seq.
Romans, their provinciality and narrow-mindedness, [270].
Romeo and Juliet, [87].
Römer, Olaf, [51] et seq.
Roots, the nature of, in language, [252].
Rosetti, his experiment on the work required to develop electricity, [131].
Rotating bodies, [285].
Rotation, apparatus of, in physics, [59] et seq.;
sensations of, [288] et seq.
Rousseau, [336].
Rubber pyramid, illustrating the principle of least superficial area, [10]-[11].
Ruysdael, [279].

Sachs, Hans, [106].
Salcher, Prof. [319].
Salviati, [144].
Saturn, rings of, their formation illustrated, [5].
Saurians, [257].
Sauveur, on acoustics, [34], [375] et seq.
Savage, modes of conception and interpretation of a, [218] et seq.
Schäfer, K., [298].
Schlierenmethode, [317].
Schönbein's discovery of ozone, [271].
School-boy, copy-book of, [92].
Schoolmen, [214].
Schools, State-control of, [372] et seq.
Schopenhauer, [190].
Schultze, Max, [19].
Science, a miserly mercantile principle at its basis, [15];
compared to a business, [16];
viewed as a maximum or minimum problem, [16], footnote;
its process not greatly different from the intellectual activity of ordinary life, [16], footnote;
economy of its task, [16];
relation of, to poetry, [30], [31], [351];
the church of, [67];
beginnings of, [189], [191];
belief in the magical power of, [189];
can dispense with mystery, [189];
lavish extravagance of, [189];
economy of the terminology of, [192];
partly made up of the intelligence of others, [196];
stripped of mystery, [197];
its true power, [197];
the economical schematism of, [206];
the object of, [206];
the tools of, [207];
does not create facts, [211];
of the future, [213];
revolution in, dating from Galileo, [214] et seq.;
the natural foe of the marvellous, [224];
characterised, [227];
growth of, [237];
dramatic element in, [243];
described, [251];
its function, [253];
classification in, [255], [259] et seq.;
the way of discovery in, [316].
See also Physics.
Sciences, partition of the, [86];
the barriers and relations between the [257]-[258];
on instruction in the, [338]-[374].
Scientific, criticism, Socrates the father of, [1], [16];
discoveries, their fate, [138];
knowledge, involves description, [193];
thought, transformation and adaptation in, [214]-[235];
thought, advanced by new experiences, [223] et seq.;
thought, the difficulty of, [366];
terms, [342]-[343];
founded on primitive acts of knowledge, [190].
Scientists, stories about their ignorance, [342].
Screw, the, [62].
Sea-sickness, [284].
Secret computation, Leibnitz's, [33].
Seek their places, bodies, [226].
Self-induction, coefficient of, [250], [252].
Self-observation, [211].
Self-preservation, our first knowledge derived from the economy of, [197];
struggle for, among ideas, [228].
Semi-circular canals, [290] et seq.
Sensation of rounding a railway curve, [286].
Sensations, analysed, [251];
when similar, produce agreeable effects, [96];
their character, [200];
defined, [209];
of orientation, [282] et seq.
Sense-elements, [179].
Senses, theory of, [104];
the source of our knowledge of facts, [237].
Seventh, the troublesome, [46].
Shadow method, [313] et seq., [317] footnote.
Shadows, rôle of, in vision, [81].
Shakespeare, [278].
Sharps, reversed into flats, [101].
Shell, spherical, law of attraction for a, [124], footnote.
Shoemaker, inquirer compared to, [105]-[106].
Shooting, [309].
Shots, double report of, [229] et seq.
Similarity, [249].
Simony, [280].
Simplicity, a varying element in description, [254].
Sines, law of the, [193].
Sinking of heavy bodies, [222].
Sixth sense, [297].
Smith, R., on acoustics, [34], [381], [383].
Soap-films, Van der Mensbrugghe's experiment with, [11]-[12].
Soapsuds, films and figures of, [7].
Social potential, [15].
Socrates, the father of scientific criticism, [1], [16].
Sodium, [202].
Sodium-light, vibrations of, as a measure of time, [205].
Solidity, conception of, by the eye, [71] et seq.;
spatial, photographs of, [73].
Solids, and liquids, their difference merely one of degree, [2].
Sonorous bodies, [24] et seq.
Soret, J. P., [89].
Sounds, symmetry of, [99] et seq.;
generally, [22]-[47], [212].
Sound-waves rendered visible, [315] et seq.
Sources of the principle of energy, [179] et seq.
Space, [205];
sensation of, [210].
Spark, electric, [117], [127], [132], [133], [190].
Spatial vision, [386].
Species, stability of, a theory, [216].
Specific energies, [291].
Specific heat, [166], [244].
Specific inductive capacity, [117].
Spectral analysis of sound, [27].
Spectrum, mental associations of the, [190].
Speech, the instinct of, cultivated by languages, [354].
Spencer, [218], [222].
Sphere, a soft rotating, [2];
the figure of least surface, [12];
electrical capacity of, [123] et seq.
Spherical shell, law of attraction for [124], footnote.
Spiders, the eyes of, [67].
Spirits, as explanation of the world [186], [243].
Spiritualism, modern, [187].
Spooks, metaphysical, [222].
Squinting, [72].
Stability of our environment, [206].
Stallo, [336].
Stars, the fixed, [90].
State, benefits and evils of its control of the schools, [372] et seq.;
the Church and, [88].
Statical electricity, [134].
Stationary currents, [249].
Statoliths, [303].
Steam-engine, [160], [265].
Steeple-jacks, [75].
Stereoscope, Wheatstone and Brewster's, [73].
Stevinus, on the inclined plane, [140];
on hydrostatics, [141];
on the equilibrium of systems, [142];
discovers the principle of virtual velocities, [150];
characterisation of his thought, [142];
also [182], [187], [191].
Stone Age, [46], [321].
Störensen, [306].
Stove, primitive, [263].
Straight line, a, its symmetry, [98].
Straight, meaning of the word, [240].
Street, vista into a, [75].
Striae, in glass, [313].
Striate method, for detecting optical imperfections, [317].
Striking distance, [115], [127].
Strings, vibrations of, [249].
Struggle for existence among ideas, [217].
Substance, heat conceived as a, [177], [243] et seq.;
electricity as a, [170];
the source of our notion of, [199];
rôle of the notion of, [203], [244] et seq.;
energy conceived as a, [164], [185], [244] et seq.
Substitution-value of heat, [178], footnote.
Suetonius, [348].
Sulphur, specific inductive capacity of, [117].
Sun, human beings could not exist on, [3].
Swift, [84], [280].
Swimmer, Ampère's, [207].
Symmetry, definition of, [92];
figures of, [92] et seq.;
plane of, [94];
vertical and horizontal, [94];
in music, [99] et seq.
Sympathetic vibration, [22] et seq., [379].

Tailor, nature like a covetous, [9]-[10].
Tangent, the word, [263].
Taste, doubtful cultivation of, by the classics, [352]-[353];
of the ancients, [353].
Taylor, on the vibration of strings, [249].
Teaching, its nature, [366] et seq.
Telegraph, the word, [263].
Telescope, [262].
Telestereoscope, the, [84].
Temperament, even, in tuning, [47].
Temperature, absolute, [162];
differences of, [205];
differences of, viewed as level surfaces, [161];
heights of, [174];
scale of, derived from tensions of gases, [174].
Terence, [347].
Terms, scientific, [342]-[343].
Thales, [259].
Theories, their scope, function, and power, [241]-[242];
must be replaced by direct description, [248].
Thermal, energy, [174], [177];
capacity, [123], footnote.
Thermodynamics, [160] et seq.
Thermoelectrometer, Riess's, [133], [169].
Thing-in-itself, the, [200].
Things, mental symbols for groups of sensations, [200]-[201].
Thomson, James, on the lowering of the freezing-point of water by pressure, [162].
Thomson, W., his absolute electrometer, [127], footnote;
on thermodynamics, [162];
on the conservation of energy, [165];
on the mechanical measures of temperature, [174], footnote;
on waste of mechanical energy, [175];
also [108], [173], footnote.
Thought, habitudes of, [199], [224], [227], [232];
relationship between language and, [329];
incongruence between experience and, [206];
luxuriance of a fully developed, [58];
transformation in scientific, [214]-[235].
Thoughts, their development and the struggle for existence among them, [63];
importance of erroneous, [65];
as reproductions of facts, [107].
Thread, the individual a, on which pearls are strung, [234]-[235].
Tides, [283].
Timbre, [37], [38], [39].
Time, [178], [204], [205], footnote.
Toepler and Foucault, method of, for detecting optical faults, [313] et seq., [320].
Tone-figures, [91].
Tones, [22]-[47], [99] et seq., [212].
Torsion, moment of, [132].
Torsion-balance, Coulomb's, [109], [168].
Torricelli, on virtual velocities, [150];
his law of liquid efflux, [150];
on the atmosphere, [273].
Tourist, journey of, work of the inquirer compared to, [17], [29], [30].
Transatlantic cable, [108].
Transformation and adaptation in scientific thought, [214]-[235].
Transformation of ideas, [63].
Transformative law of the energies, [172].
Translation, difficulties of, [354].
Tree, conceptual life compared to a, [231].
Triangle, mutual dependence of the sides and angles of a, [179].
Triple accord, [46].
Truth, wooed by the inquirer, [45];
difficulty of its acquisition, [46].
Tumblers, resounding, [23].
Tuning-forks, explanation of their motion, [22] et seq.
Tylor, [186].
Tympanum, [18].
Type, natural laws likened to, [193];
words compared to, [191].

Ulysses, [347].
Understanding, what it means, [211].
Uniforms, do not fit heads, [369].
Unique determination, [181]-[182].
Unison, [43].
Unit, electrostatic, [111].
See Force and Work.
United States, [336].
Universal Real Character, a, [192].
Utility of physical science, [351].

Variation, the method of, in science, [230];
in biology, [216].
Velocity, of light, [48] et seq.;
of the descent of bodies, [143] et seq.;
meaning of, [204];
virtual, [149]-[155].
Verstandesbegriffe, [199].
Vertical, perception of the, [272], [286] et seq.;
symmetry, [389].
Vertigo, [285], [290].
Vestibule of the ear, [300].
Vibration, [22] et seq.
Vibration-figures, [91].
Vinci, Leonardo da, [278], [283].
Violent motions, [225].
Virtual velocities, [149]-[155].
Visibility, general conditions of, [312].
Vision, symmetry of our apparatus of, [96].
See Eye.
Visual nerves, [96].
Visualisation, mental, [250].
Volt, the word, [343].
Volta, [127], footnote, [134].
Voltaire, [260].
Voltaire's ingènu, [219].
Vowels, composed of simple musical notes, [26].

Wagner, Richard, [279].
Wald, F., [178], footnote.
Wallace, [216].
War, and peace, reflexions upon, [309], [335] et seq.
Waste of mechanical energy, W. Thomson on, [175].
Watches, experiment with, [41];
in a mirror, [93].
Water, jet of, resolved into drops, [60];
free, solid figures of, [8];
objects reflected in, [94], [191];
possible modes of measurement of, [170].
Watt, [266].
Wealth, the foundation of, [198].
Weapons, modern, [335].
Weber, [108], [306].
Weight of bodies, varies with their distance from the centre of the earth, [112].
Weismann, [216].
Wheatstone, his stereoscope, [73];
his pseudoscope, [96];
also [59].
Wheel, history and importance of, [61] et seq.
Whewell, on the formation of science, [231].
Whole, the, [204], footnote.
Why, the question, [199], [223].
Will, Schopenhauer on the, [190];
man's most familiar source of power, [243];
used to explain the world, [186];
forces compared to, [254];
compared to pressure, [14].
Windmill, a rotating, [53].
Wire frames and nets, for constructing liquid figures of equilibrium, [4] et seq.
Witchcraft, [187].
Wollaston, [284], [285].
Wonderful, science the natural foe of the, [224].
Woods, the relative distance of trees in, [68].
Wooer, inquirer compared to a, [45].
Words and sounds, [343].
Words, compared to type, [191].
Work, of liquid forces of attraction, [14];
in electricity, [173];
measure of, [119] et seq., [130], [223];
relation of, with heat, [162], [245] et seq.;
amount required to develop electricity, [131] et seq.;
produces various physical changes, [139];
substantial conception of, [183]-[184].
See Energy.
World, the, what it consists of, [208].
World-particles, [203].
Wronsky, [172].
Wundt, on causality and the axioms of physics, [157]-[159]; [359] footnote.

Xenophon, [49], footnote.

Young, Thomas, on energy, [173].