Popular scientific lectures - Ernst Mach

Face, human, inverted, [95].
Facts and ideas, necessary to science, [231].
Facts, description of, [108];
agreement of, [180];
relations of, [180];
how represented, [206];
reflected in imagination, [220] et seq.;
the result of constructions, [253];
a continuum of, [256] et seq.;
equations for obtaining, [180].
Falling bodies, [204], [215];
Galileo on the law of, [143] et seq., [284].
Falling, cats, [303], footnote.
Falstaff, [309].
Familiar intermediate links of thought, [198].
Faraday, [191], [217], [237];
his conception of electricity, [114], [271].
Fechner, theory of Corti's fibres, [19] et seq.
Feeling, cannot be explained by motions of atoms, [208] et seq.
Fetishism, [186], [243], [254];
in our physical concepts, [187].
Fibres of Corti, [17] et seq.
Fick, his theory of diffusion, [249].
Figures, symmetry of, [92] et seq.
Figures of liquid equilibrium, [4] et seq.
Fire, use of, [264].
Fishes, [306].
Fixed note, determining of a, [377].
Fizeau, his determination of the velocity of light, [55] et seq.
Flats, reversed into sharps, [101].
Flouren's experiments, [272], [290].
Flower-girl, the baskets of a, [95].
Fluids, electrical, [112] et seq.
Force, electric, [110], [119], [168];
unit of [111];
living, [137], [149], [184];
generally [253].
See the related headings.
Forces, will compared to, [254].
Foreseeing events, [220] et seq.
Formal conceptions, rôle of, [183].
Formal need of a clear view of facts, [183], [246];
how far it corresponds to nature, [184].
Formative forces of liquids, [4].
Forms of liquids, [3] et seq.
Forward movement, sensation of, [300].
Forwards, prophesying, [253].
Foucault, [57], [70], [296].
Foucault and Toepler, method of, for detecting optical faults, [313] et seq., [320].
Foundation of scientific thought, primitive acts of knowledge, the, [190].
Fourier, on processes of heat, [249], [278].
Fox, a, [234].
Franklin's pane, [116].
Frary, [338], footnote.
Fraunhofer, [271].
Freezing-point, lowered by pressure, [162].
Fresnel, [271].
Fritsch, [321].
Frogs, larvæ of, not subject to vertigo, [298].
Froude, [333].
Frustra, misuse of the word, [345].
Future, science of the, [213].

Galileo, on the motion of pendulums, [21];
his attempted measurement of the velocity of light, [50] et seq.;
his exclusion of a perpetual motion, [143];
on velocities acquired in free descent, [143]-[147];
on the law of inertia, [146]-[147];
on virtual velocities, [150];
on work, [172];
his laws of descent, [193];
on falling bodies, [225];
great results of his study of nature, [214] et seq.;
his rude scientific implements, [215];
selections from his works for use in instruction, [368];
also [105], [182], [187], [237], [272], [274], [283].
Galle, observes the planet Neptune, [29].
Galvanic, electricity, [134];
current, [132];
dizziness, [291];
vertigo, [298].
Galvanoscope, [135].
Galvanotropism, [291].
Garda, Lake, [239].
Gas, the word, [264];
mass of, enclosed in a cylinder, [179].
Gases, tensions of, for scales of temperature, [174].
Gauss, on the foundations of dynamics, [154];
his principle, [154];
also, [108], [274].
Genius, [279], [280].
Geography, comparison in, [239].
Geometers, in our eyes, [72].
Geotropism, [289].
German schools and gymnasiums, [372], [373], [338], footnote.
Ghosts, photographic, [73].
Glass, invisible in a mixture of the same refrangibility, [312];
powdered, visible in a mixture of the same refrangibility, [312].
Glove, in a mirror, [93].
Goethe, quotations from, [9], [31], [49], [88];
on the cause of harmony, [35].
Goltz, [282], [291].
Gossot, [332].
Gothic cathedral, [94].
Gravitation, discovery of, [225] et seq.
Gravity, how to get rid of the effects of, in liquids, [4];
also [228].
Gray, Elisha, his telautograph, [26].
Greased plate, drop of water on a, [8].
Great minds, idiosyncrasies of, [247].
Greek language, scientific terms derivedfrom, [342]-[343];
common words derived from, [343], footnote;
still necessary for some professions, [346];
its literary wealth, [347]-[348];
narrowness and one-sidedness of its literature, [348]-[349];
its excessive study useless, [349]-[350];
its study sharpens the judgment, [357]-[358];
a knowledge of it not necessary to a liberal education, [371].
Greeks, their provinciality and narrow-mindedness, [349];
now only objects of historical research, [350].
Griesinger, [184].
Grimaldi, [270].
Grimm, [344], footnote.
Grunting fishes, [306].

Habitudes of thought, [199], [224], [227], [232].
Haeckel, [222], [235].
Hamilton, deduction of the conical refraction of light, [29].
Hankel, [364].
Harmonics, [38], [40].
Harmony, on the causes of, [32] et seq.;
laws of the theory of, explained, [30];
the investigation of the ancients concerning, [32];
generally, [103].
See Consonance.
Harris, electrical balance of, [127], footnote.
Hartwich, Judge, [343], [353], footnote.
Hat, a high silk, [24].
Hats, ladies', development of, [64].
Head-wave of a projectile, [323] et seq.
Hearing and orientation, relation between, [304] et seq.
Heat, a material substance, [177];
difference between the conceptions of electricity and, [168] et seq.;
substantial conception of, [243] et seq.;
Carnot on, [156], [160] et seq.;
Fourier on the conduction of, [249];
not necessarily a motion, [167], [170], [171];
mechanical equivalent of, [164], [167];
of liquefaction, [178];
quantity of, [166];
latent, [167], [178], [244];
specific, [166], [244];
the conceptions of, [160]-[171];
machine, [160];
a measure of electrical energy, [133] et seq.;
mechanical theory of, [133];
where does it come from? [200].
Heavy bodies, sinking of, [222].
Heights of ascent, [143]-[151].
Helm, [172].
Helmholtz, applies the principle of energy to electricity, [184];
his telestereoscope, [84];
his theory of Corti's fibres, [19] et seq.;
on harmony, [35], [99];
on the conservation of energy, [165], [247];
his method of thought, [247];
also [138], [305], [307], [375], [383].
Hensen, V., on the auditory function of the filaments of Crustacea, [29], [302].
Herbart, [386] et seq.
Herbartians, on motion, [158].
Herculaneum, art in, [80].
Heredity, in organic and inorganic matter, [216], footnote.
Hering, on development, [222];
on vision, [210].
Hermann, E., on the economy of the industrial arts, [192].
Hermann, L., [291].
Herodotus, [26], [234], [347], [350].
Hertz, his waves, [242];
his use of the phrase "prophesy," [253].
Herzen, [361], footnote.
Hindu mathematicians, their beautiful problems, [30].
Holtz's electric machine, [132].
Horse, [63].
Household, physics compared to a well-kept, [197].
Housekeeping in science and civil life, [198].
Hudson, the, [94].
Human beings, puzzle-locks, [27].
Human body, our knowledge of, [90].
Human mind, must proceed economically, [186].
Humanity, likened to a polyp-plant, [235].
Huygens, his mechanical view of physics, [155];
on the nature of light and heat, [155]-[156];
his principle of the heights of ascent, [149];
on the law of inertia and the motion of a compound pendulum, [147]-[149];
on the impossible perpetual motion, [147]-[148];
on work, [173];
selections from his works for use in instruction, [368];
his view of light, [227]-[228], [262].
Huygens, optical method for detecting imperfections in optical glasses [313].
Hydrogen balloon, [199].
Hydrostatics, Stevinus's principle of, [141].
Hypotheses, their rôle in explanation, [228] et seq.

Ichthyornis, [257].
Ichthyosaurus, [63].
Idea? what is a theoretical, [241].
Idealism, [209].
Ideas, a product of organic nature, [217] et seq.;
and facts, necessary to science, [231];
not all of life, [233];
their growth and importance, [233];
a product of universal evolution, [235];
the history of, [227] et seq.;
in great minds, [228];
the rich contents of, [197];
their unsettled character in common life, their clarification in science, [1]-[2].
Ideography, the Chinese, [192].
Imagery, mental, [253].
Imagination, facts reflected in, [220] et seq.
Inclined plane, law of, [140]-[141].
Incomprehensible, the, [186].
Indian, his modes of conception and interpretation, [218] et seq.
Individual, a thread on which pearls are strung, [234]-[235].
Industrial arts, economy of the, E. Hermann on, [192].
Inertia, law of, [143] et seq., [146] et seq., [216], footnote, [283] et seq.
Innate concepts of the understanding, Kant on, [199].
Innervation, visual, [99].
Inquirer, his division of labor, [105];
compared to a shoemaker, [105]-[106];
what constitutes the great, [191];
the true, seeks the truth everywhere, [63] et seq.;
the, compared to a wooer, [45].
Instinctive knowledge, [189], [190].
Instruction, aim of, the saving of experience, [191];
in the classics, mathematics, and sciences, [338]-[374];
limitation of matter of, [365] et seq.
Insulators, [130].
Integrals, [195].
Intellectual development, conditions of, [286] et seq.
Intentions, acts of nature compared to, [14]-[15].
Interconnexion of nature, [182].
Interdependence, of properties, [361];
of the sensuous elements of the world, [179].
Interference experiments with the head-wave of moving projectiles, [327]-[328].
International intercourse, established by Latin, [341].
International measures, [108].
Invention, discovery and, distinction between, [269].
Inventions, requisites for the development of, [266], [268] et seq.
Iron-filings, [220], [243].
Italian art, [234].

Jacobi, C. G. J., on mathematics, [280].
James, W., [275], [299].
Java, [163].
Jews and Christians, monotheism of the, [187].
Jolly, Professor von, [112], [274].
Joule, J. P., on the conservation of energy, [163]-[165], [167], [183];
his conception of energy, [245];
his metaphysics, [183], [246];
his method of thought, [247];
also [137], [138].
Journée, [317].
Judge, criminal, the natural philosopher compared to a, [48].
Judgment, essentially economy of thought, [201]-[202];
sharpened by languages and sciences, [357]-[358];
also [232]-[233], [238].
Juliet, Romeo and, [87].
Jupiter, its satellites employed in the determination of the velocity of light, [51] et seq.
Jurisprudence, Latin and Greek unnecessary for the study of, [346], footnote.

Kant, his hypothesis of the origin of the planetary system, [5];
his Critique of Pure Reason, [188];
on innate concepts of the understanding, [199];
on time, [204];
also footnote, [93].
Kepler, [187], [270].
Kinetic energy, [177].
Kirchhoff, his epistemological ideas, [257]-[258];
his definition of mechanics, [236], [258], [271], [273].
Knight, [289].
Knowledge, a product of organic nature, [217] et seq., [235];
instinctive, [190];
made possible by economy of thought, [198];
our first, derived from the economy of self-preservation, [197];
the theory of, [203];
our primitive acts of the foundation of science, [190].
Kocher, [328].
Koenig, measurement of the velocity of sound, [57] et seq.
Kölliker, [19].
Kopisch, [61].
Kreidl, [299], [302], [306];
his experiments, [272].
Krupp, [319].

Labels, the value of, [201].
Labor, the accumulation of, the foundation of wealth and power, [198];
inquirer's division of, [105], [258].
Labyrinth, of the ear, [18], [291], [305].
Lactantius, on the study of moral and physical science, [89].
Ladder of our abstraction, the, [208].
Ladies, their eyes, [71];
like tuning-forks, [23]-[24].
Lagrange, on Huygens's principle, [149];
on the principle of virtual velocities, [150]-[155];
character of the intellectual activity of a, [195], [278].
Lake-dwellers, [46], [271].
Lamp-shade, [70].
Lane's unit jar, [115].
Language, knowledge of the nature of, demanded by a liberal education, [356];
relationship between, and thought, [358];
communication by [237];
economy of, [191] et seq.;
human its character, [238];
of animals, [238];
instruction in, [338] et seq.;
its methods, [192].
Laplace, on the atoms of the brain, [188];
on the scientific achievements of the eighteenth century, [188];
his hypothesis of the origin of the planetary system, [5].
Latent heat, [167], [178], [244].
Latin city of Maupertuis, [339].
Latin, instruction in, [311] et seq.;
introduced with the Christian Church, [340];
the language of scholars, the medium of international intercourse, its power, utility, and final abandonment, [341]-[347];
the wealth of its literature, [348];
the excessive study of, [346], [349], [354], [355];
its power to sharpen the judgment, [357]-[358].
Lavish extravagance of science, [189].
Law, a, defined, [256];
a natural, not contained in the conformity of the energies, [175].
Law-maker, motives of not always discernible, [9].
Layard, [79].
Learning, its nature, [366] et seq.
Least superficial area, principle of, accounted for by the mutual attractions of liquid particles, [13]-[14];
illustrated by a pulley arrangement, [12]-[13];
also [9] et seq.
Leibnitz, on harmony, [33];
on international intercourse, [342], footnote.
Lessing, quotation from, [47].
Letters of the alphabet, their symmetry, [94], [97].
Level heights of work, [172]-[174].
Lever, a, in action, [222].
Leverrier, prediction of the planet Neptune, [29].
Leyden jar, [114].
Liberal education, a, [341] et seq., [359], [371].
Libraries, thoughts stored up in, [237].
Lichtenberg, on instruction, [276], [370].
Licius, a Chinese philosopher, [213].
Liebig, [163], [278].
Life and death, [186].
Light, history of as elucidating how theories obstruct research, [242];
Huygens's and Newton's views of, [227]-[228];
its different conceptions, [226];
rectilinear propagation of, [194];
rôle of, in vision, [81];
spatial and temporal periodicity of, explains optical phenomena, [194];
numerical velocity of, [58];
where does it go to? [199];
generally, [48] et seq.
Like effects in like circumstances, [199].
Likeness, [388], [391].
Lilliput, [84].
Lines, straight, their symmetry, [98];
curved, their asymmetry, [98];
of force, [249].
Links of thought, intermediate, [198].
Liquefaction, latent heat of, [178].
Liquid, efflux, law of, [150];
equilibrium, figures of, [4] et seq.;
the latter produced in open air, [7]-[8];
their beauty and multiplicity of form, [7], [8];
made permanent by melted colophonium, [7].
Liquids, forms of, [1]-[16];
difference between, and solids, [2];
their mobility and adaptiveness of form, [3];
the courtiers par excellence of the natural bodies, [3];
possess under certain circumstances forms of their own, [3].
Living force, [137], [184];
law of the conservation of, [149].
Lloyd, observation of the conical refraction of light, [29].
Lobster, of Lake Mohrin, the, [61].
Localisation, cerebral, [210].
Locke, on language and thought, [358].
Locomotive, steam in the boiler of, [219].
Loeb, J., [289], [291], [302].
Logarithms, [195], [219];
in music, [103]-[104].
Logical root, of the principle of energy, [181];
of the principle of excluded perpetual motion, [182].
Lombroso, [280].
Lucian, [347].

Macula acustica, [272].
Magic lantern, [96].
Magic powers of nature, [189].
Magical power of science, belief in the, [189].
Magnet, a, [220];
will compared to the pressure of a, [14];
coercive force of a, [216].
Magnetic needle, near a current, [207].
Magnetised bar of steel, [242]-[243].
Major and minor keys in music, [100] et seq.
Malus, [242].
Man, a fragment of nature's life, [49];
his life embraces others, [234].
Mann, [364].
Manuscript in a mirror, [93].
Maple syrup, statues of, on Moon, [4].
Marx, [35].
Material, the relations of work with heat and the consumption of, [245] et seq.
Mathematical methods, their character, [197]-[198].
Mathematics, economy of, [195];
on instruction in, [338]-[374];
C. G. J. Jacobi on, [280].
Matter, constancy of, [203];
its nature, [203];
the notion of, [213].
Maupertuis, his Latin city, [338].
Maximal and minimal problems, their rôle in physics, [14], footnote.
Mayer, J. R., his conception of energy, [245], [246];
his methods of thought, [247];
on the conservation of energy, [163], [164], [165], [167], [183], [184];
his metaphysical utterances, [183], [246];
also [138], [184], [191], [217], [271], [274].
Measurement, definition of, [206].
Measures, international, [108].
Mécanique céleste, [90], [188];
sociale, and morale, the, [90].
Mechanical, conception of the world, [105], [155] et seq., [188], [207];
energy, W. Thomson on waste of, [175];
analogies between —— and thermal energy, [17] et seq.;
equivalent of heat, electricity, etc., [164], [167] et seq.;
mythology, [207];
phenomena, physical events as, [182];
philosophy, [188];
physics, [155]-[160], [212];
substitution-value of heat, [178], footnote.
Mechanics, Kirchhoff's definition of, [236].
Medicine, students of, [326].
Melody, [101].
Melsens, [310], [327].
Memory, a treasure-house for comparison, [230];
common elements impressed upon the, [180];
its importance, [238];
science disburdens the, [193].
Mendelejeff, his periodical series, [256].
Mental, adaptation, [214]-[235];
completion of phenomena, [220];
imagery, [253];
imitation, our schematic, [199];
processes, economical, [195];
reproduction, [198];
visualisation, [250].
Mephistopheles, [88].
Mercantile principle, a miserly, at the basis of science, [15].
Mersenne, [377].
Mesmerism, the mental state of ordinary minds, [228].
Metaphysical establishment of doctrine of energy, [183].
Metaphysical spooks, [222].
Metrical, concepts of electricity, [107] et seq.;
notions, energy and entropy are, [178];
units, the building-stones of the physicist, [253].
Metronomes, [41].
Meyer, Lothar, his periodical series, [256].
Middle Ages, [243], [349].
Midsummer Night's Dream, [309].
Mill, John Stuart, [230].
Millers, school for, [326].
Mill-wheel, doing work, [161].
Mimicking facts in thought, [189], [193].
Minor and major keys in music, [100] et seq.
Mirror, symmetrical reversion of objects in, [92] et seq.
Miserly mercantile principle at the basis of science, [15].
Moat, child looking into, [208].
Modern scientists, adherents of the mechanical philosophy, [188].
Molecular theories, [104].
Molecules, [203], [207].
Molière, [234].
Momentum, [184].
Monocular vision, [98].
Monotheism of the Christians and Jews, [187].
Montagues and Capulets, [87].
Moon, eclipse of, [219];
lightness of bodies on, [4];
the study of the, [90], [284].
Moreau, [307].
Mosaic of thought, [192].
Motion, a perpetual, [181];
quantity of, [184];
the Eleatics on, [158];
Wundt on, [158];
the Herbartians on, [158].
Motions, natural and violent, [226];
their familiar character, [157].
Mountains of the earth, would crumble if very large, [3];
weight of bodies on, [112].
Mozart, [44], [279].
Müller, Johann, [291].
Multiplication-table, [195].
Multiplier, [132].
Music, band of, its tempo accelerated and retarded, [53];
the principle of repetition in, [99] et seq.;
its notation, mathematically illustrated, [103]-[104].
Musical notes, reversion of, [101] et seq.;
their economy, [192].
Musical scale, a species of one-dimensional space, [105].
Mystery, in physics, [222];
science can dispense with, [189].
Mysticism, numerical, [33];
in the principle of energy, [184].
Mythology, the mechanical, of philosophy, [207].

Nagel, von, [364].
Nansen, [296].
Napoleon, picture representing the tomb of, [36].
Nations, intercourse and ideas of, [336]-[337].
Natural constants, [193].
Natural law, a, not contained in the conformity of the energies, [175].
Natural laws, abridged descriptions, [193];
likened to type, [193].
Natural motions, [225].
Natural selection in scientific theories, [63], [218].
Nature, experience the well-spring of all knowledge of, [181];
fashions of, [64];
first knowledge of, instinctive, [189];
general interconnexion of, [182];
has many sides, [217];
her forces compared to purposes, [14]-[15];
likened to a good man of business, [15];
the economy of her actions, [15];
how she appears to other animals, [83] et seq.;
inquiry of, viewed as a torture, [48]-[49];
view of, as something designedly concealed from man, [49];
like a covetous tailor, [9]-[10];
magic powers of, [189];
our view of, modified by binocular vision, [82];
the experimental method a questioning of, [48].
Negro hamlet, the science of a, [237].
Neptune, prediction and discovery of the planet, [29].
New views, [296] et seq.
Newton, describes polarisation, [242];
expresses his wealth of thought in Latin, [341];
his discovery of gravitation, [225] et seq.;
his solution of dispersion, [362];
his principle of the equality of pressure and counterpressure, [191];
his view of light, [227]-[228];
on absolute time, [204];
selections from his works for use in instruction, [368];
also [270], [274], [279], [285], [289].
Nobility, they displace Latin, [342].
Notation, musical, mathematically illustrated, [103]-[104].
Numbers, economy of, [195];
their connexion with consonance, [32].
Numerical mysticism, [33].
Nursery, the questions of the, [199].

Observation, [310].
Observation, in science, [261].
Ocean-stream, [272].
Oettingen, Von, [103].
Ohm, on electric currents, [249].
Ohm, the word, [343].
Oil, alcohol, water, and, employed in Plateau's experiments, [4];
free mass of, assumes the shape of a sphere, [12];
geometrical figures of, [5] et seq.
One-eyed people, vision of, [98].
Ophthalmoscope, [18].
Optic nerves, [96].
Optimism and pessimism, [234].
Order of physics, [197].
Organ, bellows of an, [135].
Organic nature, results of Darwin's studies of, [215] et seq.
See Adaptation and Heredity.
Oriental world of fables, [273].
Orientation, sensations of, [282] et seq.
Oscillation, centre of, [147] et seq.
Ostwald, [172].
Otoliths, [301] et seq.
Overtones, [28], [40], [349].
Ozone, Schöbein's discovery of, [271].