[3] Wriblis = warblings.
[4] This is nearly as bad in the original.
[5] Raik = haste precipitate.
[6] Our Lady of Poi de Dome? No definite solution of this reference yet found.
[7] Make = mate, fere, companion.
[8] Dante cites this poem in the second book of De Vulgari Eloquio with poems of his own, De Born's, and Cino Pistoija's.
[9] Vivien, strophe 2, nebotz Sain Guillem, an allusion to the romance "Enfances Vivien."
[10] Longus, centurion in the crucifixion legend.
[11] King of the Galicians, Ferdinand II, King of Galicia, 1157-88, son of Berangere, sister of Raimon Berenger IV ("quattro figlie ebbe," etc.) of Aragon, Count of Barcelona. His second son, Lieutenant of Provence, 1168.
[12] King crowned at Etampe, Phillipe August, crowned May 29, 1180, at age of 16. This poem might date Arnaut's birth as early as 1150.