‘On’ is expressed by placing la° or leh-la° before the noun and laung° (上) after it. Thus: la° loo° laung° (拉路上) means, “On the road.” La° de-°ts laung° (拉擡子上) means, “On the table.”
Nga° (外) means “out.” The usual expression is nga°-deu (外頭) “outside.” It follows the noun.
Other prepositions will be introduced later.
The most common connective is °lau (佬) and corresponds quite closely to our use of “and.” Thus °ngoo iau° °ma ‘a-°ts °lau mah (我要買鞋子佬襪) means, “I wish to buy shoes and stockings.” Nouns are often placed beside one another without any connective between them. Tah-ts (搭之) is used much in the same sense as °lau (佬).
‘Also’ is °‘a-°z (也是) or °‘a (也). Thus: di°-kuh °‘a-°z hau kuh (第個也是好個) means, “This also is good.” °Ngoo °‘a iau° °ma (我也要買) means, “I also wish to buy.” °Ngoo wan iau° °ma (我還要買) means, “I still wish to buy.”
VOCABULARY
- A city, ih zoo° dzung 一座城.
- A school, ih kuh ‘auh-daung 一個學堂.
- A hat, ih °ting mau°-°ts 一頂帽子.
- A head, ih kuh deu 一個頭.
- A foot, ih tsak kyak 一隻脚.
- A hand, ih tsak °seu 一隻手.
- A heart, ih kuh sing 一個心.
- Father, ya 爺.
- Mother, nyang 娘.
- A body, ih kuh sung-°thi 一個身體.
- Home, ok-°li 屋裏.
- To sit, °zoo 坐.
- To live, dwell, dzu° 住.
- To wear, tsak 着.
- To place, faung° 放, °pa 擺.
- To use, yoong° 用.
- To wear on the head, ta° 戴.
EXERCISES
(Translate into English)
- (1) Sa° nyung peh la° yi kuh?
- (2) I-kuh ya peh la° yi kuh.
- (3) Di°-kuh iau° tan tau° ok-°li chi°.
- (4) Mau°-°ts iau° ta° la° deu laung°.
- (5) ‘A-°ts iau° tsak la° kyak laung°.
- (6) I-zaung iau° tsak la° sung laung°.
- (7) Sien-sang dzu° la° dzung° °li va°?
- (8) ‘Auh-sang-°ts iau° tau° ‘auh-daung °li chi°.
- (9) °Ngoo kyau° si°-tse° °pa °ngoo-kuh i-zaung la° siang-°ts °li.
- (10) Sien-sang dzoong nga°-kok tau° Tsoong-kok le.
- (11) Sien-sang kyau° °siau-noen yoong° sing dok su.
- (12) ’Veh iau° °zoo la° zaung laung°, iau° °zoo la° iui°-°ts laung°.
- (13) Su faung° la° de-°ts laung°.
- (14) Bang-°yeu i°-kyung le koo°-°ts °lau chi° tse.
- (15) Sang-li °z °hau chuh kuh, dau-°ts °‘a-°z °hau chuh kuh.
- (16) Di°-kuh °siau noen ’m ya nyang kuh.
- (17), Sa° nyung la° ‘auh-daung °li? Sien-sang tah-ts ‘auh-sang-°ts.
- (18) Noong° wan iau° °ma sa° va°? ’Veh iau°.