[5]. See below, Chapter XII.

[6]. Chadwick, Studies in Anglo-Saxon Institutions, chapter v.

[7]. Chadwick, op. cit.

[8]. Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, 167.

[9]. See the account of the council at Bretford, below, page 61.

[10]. See Plummer, Life and Times of Alfred the Great, 67.

[11]. “Unready” here represents the A. S. unrædig—“devoid of counsel”—and is applied to Ethelred because of his independence of the advice of the witan.

[12]. E. H. R., vii., 209.

[13]. See Eckel, Charles le Simple.

[14]. This identification cannot be considered certain. See Flodoard, ed. P. Lauer.